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ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET
Bachelor's Degree Programme
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
(For July, 2011 Cycle)
PHE-15
Please Note
• You can take electives (56 to 64 credits) from a minimum of TWO and a
maximum of FOUR science disciplines, viz. Physics, Chemistry, Life
Sciences and Mathematics.
• You can opt for elective courses worth a MINIMUM OF 8 CREDITS and a
MAXIMUM OF 48 CREDITS from any of these four disciplines.
• At least 25% of the total credits that you register for in the elective
courses from Life Sciences, Chemistry and Physics disciplines must be
from the laboratory courses. For example, if you opt for a total of 64
credits of electives in these 3 disciplines, at least 16 credits should be
from lab courses.
• You cannot appear in the Term-End Examination of any course without
registering for the course. Otherwise, your result will not be declared
and the onus will be on you.
Please send your assignment response and feedback to:
Prof. Vijayshri Course Coordinator, PHE-15
School of Sciences, Room No. 128, Block D, New Academic Complex
IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, NEW DELHI 110068
It is compulsory to submit the Assignment before filling in the Term-End Examination Form.
Valid from July 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012
2
Dear Student,
We hope you are familiar with the system of evaluation to be followed for the Bachelor’s Degree
Programme. At this stage you may probably like to re-read the section on assignments for Elective
Courses in the Programme Guide that we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 30 per cent, as
you are aware, has been earmarked for continuous evaluation which would consist of one tutor-marked
assignment (TMA) for this course.
Instructions for Formatting Your Assignment
Before attempting the assignment please read the following instructions carefully:
1) On top of the first page of your TMA answer sheet, please write the details exactly in the following
format:
ENROLMENT NO.:……………………………………………
NAME :……………………………………………
ADDRESS :……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
COURSE CODE: …………………………….
COURSE TITLE : …………………………….
ASSIGNMENT NO. ………………………….…
STUDY CENTRE: ………………………..….. DATE:.…………………………………...
PLEASE FOLLOW THE ABOVE FORMAT STRICTLY TO FACILITATE EVALUATION AND
TO AVOID DELAY.
2) Use only foolscap size writing paper (but not of very thin variety) for writing your answers.
3) Leave 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet.
4) Your answers should be precise and in your own words. Do not copy answers from study material.
5) While solving problems, clearly indicate the question number along with the part being solved. Write
units at each step of your calculations as done in the text because marks will be deducted for such
mistakes. Take care of significant digits in your work. Recheck your work before submitting it.
6) This assignment will remain valid from July 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012. However, you are
advised to submit it within 12 weeks of receiving this booklet to accomplish its purpose as a
teaching-tool.
7) A feedback form is being sent along with this assignment. PLEASE FILL IT UP AND POST IT
TO US.
Answer sheets received after the due date shall not be accepted. We strongly feel that you should retain
a copy of your assignment response to avoid any unforeseen situation and append, if possible, a
photocopy of this booklet with your response. If you have any problems or queries related to the
course, you can write to us on the e-mail [email protected].
We wish you good luck.
3
Tutor Marked Assignment
PHE-15: Astronomy and Astrophysics Course Code: PHE-15
Assignment Code: PHE-15/TMA/2011-12
Max. Marks: 100
Note: Answer in your own words. DO NOT COPY FROM THE COURSE MATERIALS. The
marks for each question are indicated against it. Symbols have their usual meanings.
1. (a) Express the distances of planet Pluto from the Earth in light year and parsec and the star
Proxima Centauri from the Sun in AU and parsec. (10)
(b) Draw the celestial sphere showing the observer’s meridian, zenith, celestial equator and
the horizon for an observer at latitude 30° N. Show the horizon coordinates of a star X on
the celestial sphere for this observer. Would these coordinates be the same at latitude
60° N? (5 + 4 + 1)
(c) Which telescope, optical or X-ray, would have higher resolving power for the same
aperture? Calculate the magnitude of the faintest object that a 1 m optical telescope can
detect. (2+3)
2. (a) How does the radiation generated in the Sun’s interior differ from the radiation we
receive from the Sun’s surface? What is the reason for it? Explain why the temperature of
sunspots is lower than their surroundings. (2+3+3)
(b) The temperature inside a sunspot is 400 K and that of its surrounding is 6000 K.
Calculate the strength of the magnetic field inside the sunspot which will balance the
pressure inside and outside. (5)
(c) Discuss the formation of nebular disk and the three stages of the formation of planets
from the solar nebula. (3+4)
(d) Discuss the contribution of M.N. Saha in the classification of stars. Explain with an
example. (5)
3. (a) What are the constituents of interstellar medium? What is the significance of 21-cm
radiation in the study of ISM? How is the 21-cm radiation produced? Why is it not
possible to produce 21-cm radiation in the laboratory? (2+2+3+3)
(b) The estimated lifetime of the Sun on the main sequence is ~ 1010
years. Calculate the
main sequence lifetime of a star of mass 2 MΘ. (5)
(c) Suppose a collapsing cloud is made of neutral hydrogen (HI) only. Calculate its Jeans
mass taking its temperature as 60K and its number density as 900 m−3
. (5)
(d) What is the Chandrasekhar limit? Discuss the evolution of stars whose masses are
beyond the Chandrasekhar limit. (5)
4. (a) Describe the classification of active galaxies. (10)
(b) Explain Hubble’s classification of galaxies. (10)
(c) Explain the concept of cosmic distance ladder. (5)
4
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS PROGRAMMES BROADCAST
ON GYAN DARSHAN 1
July 2011 – May 2012
This is the tentative schedule for Physics students. The students may approach their cable operator to
avail this facility.
Date/Day Time Slot Course Code Video Programme Title
July 2011
10-07-11
(Sun)
9.00-9.30 pm PHE-04 Vector Calculus Part-I
12-07-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-01 Exploring Physics: Experiment with Low cost
Materials
17-07-11
(Sun)
9.00-9.30 pm LT- 04 Physics Lab Technician: Know your job
24-07-11
(Sun)
9.00-9.30 pm LT- 04 Bhautiki Prayogshala Technician: Aapka Kaam
26-07-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-01 The Bicycle: A Vehicle for Teaching Physics
August 2011
09-08-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 01 The Physics of Dance
16-08-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 15 The Milky Way
23-08-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE -04 Vector Calculus Part-II
23-08-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 15 Stellar Spectra and Classification
September 2011
06-09-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 10 Digital Modulation
11-09-11
(Sun)
9.00-9.30 am PHE -10 Amplitude Modulation
13-09-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 06 First Law of Thermodynamics
October 2011
09-10-11
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-06 Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics
16-10-11
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 Stellar Structure
November 2011
13-11-11
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-10 Transistor Biasing
December 2011
18-12-11
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-06 Thermodynamics in Action
20-12-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-06 Ushmagatiki ke Anuprayog
27-12-11
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-10 Electronic Device
5
Date/Day Time Slot Course Code Video Programme Title
January 2012
08-01-12
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 Glimpses of the Cosmos
15-01-12
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-02 Simple Harmonic Motion
22-01-12
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 Exploring the Night Sky
24-01-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-02 Dolan
February 2012
12-02-12
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 On the Trail of Stars
14-02-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-06 Second Law of Thermodynamics
21-02-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE-02 Coupled Oscillations
March 2012
06-03-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 13 Introduction to Crystal Structure
13-03-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 15 Astronomical Coordinates
18-03-12
(Sun)
9.00–9.30 pm PHE- 10 Operational Amplifier
20-03-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE- 06 Carnot Cycle
April 2012
08-04-12
(Sun)
9-00-9.30 pm PHE- 15 Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of
Distance and Brightness)
15-04-12
(Sun)
9-00-9.30 pm PHE- 01 Rotating Frames of Reference
May 2012
13-05-12
(Sun)
9.00-9.30 pm PHE -15 Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of
Mass, Temperature and Time)
15-05-12
(Tues)
8.30-9.00 am PHE -10 Logic Gates
6
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS STUDENTS ON DD1 (National Network)
JULY 2011 TO MAY 2012
Time: 6.00 AM to 6.30 AM
Month/Date* Course Topic
July 2011
11-07-11
PHE-10 Operational Amplifier
August 2011
08-08-11
PHE-02 Coupled Oscillations
September 2011
12-09-11
PHE-10 Transistor Configuration
October 2011
10-10-11
PHE-06 Thermodynamics in Action
November 2011
14-11-11
PHE-15 Exploring the Night Sky
January 2012
09-01-12
PHE-13 Introduction to Crystal Structure
February 2012
13-02-12
PHE-01 Ghurni Nirdesh Tantra (Hindi)
March 2012
12-03-12
PHE-15 The Milky Way
April 2012
09-04-12
PHE-10 Semiconductor Diode
May 2012
14-05-12
PHE-15 On the Trail of Stars
* Second Monday of every month
7
Dear Student,
We would like to get your feedback on the course Astronomy and Astrophysics
(PHE-15) while you are studying it. Fill in your answers about each unit while you
are studying/revising it.
THIS FEEDBACK IS COMPULSORY AND YOU MUST SEND IT TO US.
Please keep a copy of your assignment with you for the sake of record.
Do not give incorrect information just to please us. Your answers should be based
on your own experience, good or bad; pleasant or otherwise.
PLEASE POST YOUR FEEDBACK AND THE ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE OF PHE-15 TO US.
If you face any difficulty regarding the course, please feel free to contact us on our
e-mails: [email protected], [email protected].
We wish you all the very best.
(Vijayshri)
Course Coordinator, PHE –15
School of Sciences, IGNOU
Room no. 128, Raman Block,
New Academic Complex
Maidan Garhi
New Delhi – 110068
8
FEEDBACK ON “ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS” (PHE-15)
Tick (√√√√) the appropriate responses, wherever needed.
1. a. Name : …………………………………… b. Male / Female
c. Enrolment Number: ………………………. d. Date of birth : ………………
e. Study Centre Code and Name .…………………………...
2. Do you have access to Internet? At home / Yes, at a friend’s home / Yes, at cyber café / Yes, at
study centre / No
If yes, write your e-mail address: ..........................................................................................
3. Are you doing B.Sc. Major in Physics? Yes/No.
a) If not, please list the Physics electives you have opted for in B.Sc.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
4. List the electives that you have taken from other disciplines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Rate your proficiency in English: Very good/ good/ fair/ average/ not so good
6. Are you employed? Yes/No.
If yes, please specify the nature of the employment
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Did you study the course introduction and block introductions before studying the units.
Yes/No.
a) If yes, do you have any suggestions about their content, length, language, etc.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Did you read the introduction and objectives of each Unit before studying it? Yes/No.
9. Are the introduction and objectives of the Units clear to you? Yes/No.
9
If not, specify the difficulties:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Put a tick mark on the correct response:
(i) The level of the course was as I
expected.
Yes/No, it was too high/ No, it was lower.
(ii) The topics, concepts covered were
interesting and informative. Yes /No
(iii) The mathematics used was as I
expected.
Yes/No, it was Difficult/No, it was easy
(iv) I would have preferred a non-
mathematical explanation. Yes /No
11. Would you like:
(i) to attend radio counseling for the course? Yes /No
If yes, please mention the preferred timings
(ii) to attend teleconferencing for the course? Yes /No
If yes, please mention the preferred timings.
(iii) your difficulties to be solved through letters from
counsellors.
Yes /No
(iv) to use the INTERNET facilities for counseling. Yes /No
12. Do you use computer for study purpose? Yes/No
If yes, which software packages do you use?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
10
13. Your overall comments on the course. (Write the comments on the course after studying it.) You
may use extra pages.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
14. Please fill the enclosed annexure to give us unit-wise feedback.
15. If you have filled in words like 'not clear/difficult/not sufficient/not interesting', etc. in any of the
rows and columns for the units in Annexure, please mention what is not clear about each part.
Use additional pages if need be.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
16. What (e.g., explanation, diagram, examples, definitions, etc.) would you like to be added or
deleted in the units to make it easier to study? Use additional pages if your answer is long.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
17. Have you received teaching comments from counsellors on your TMA responses
for other physics electives that can help you in learning the concepts better? Yes/No
If yes, please list all such TMAs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
11
ANNEXURE
4. Unit wise Feedback : Answer this part while studying each unit or immediately afterwards.
Note : Please tell us about your difficulties in studying each section of the units. To describe your response, you may select the appropriate words from
among the following : not clear, not sufficient, difficult, not relevant, not interesting. If you wish, you can use any other words. For
example, if you feel that the language used in Sec. 1.2 is difficult and not clear, you should write the words ‘difficult, not clear’ at *. In the last
column, you have to tell the approximate time you have taken to study each section.
Block 1 Unit 1 : Astronomical Scales
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the
section (min./h.)
1.2 *
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
12
Block 1 Unit 2 : Basic Concepts of Positional Astronomy
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
13
Block 1 Unit 3 : Astronomical Techniques
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
14
Block 1 Unit 4: Physical Principles
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
15
Block 2 Unit 5 : The Sun
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
5.6
5.7
Block 2 Unit 6 : The Solar Family
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
16
Block 2 Unit 7: Stellar Spectra and Classification Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
7.2
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.4
7.5
Block 2 Unit 8: Stellar Structure
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.6.1
17
Block 3 Unit 9 : Star Formation Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.4
9.4.1
Block 3 Unit 10: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.5
18
Block 3 Unit 11: Compact Stars Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
11.2
11.2.1
11.3
11.3.1
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.5
11.5.1
19
Block 3 Unit 12: The Milky Way Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
12.2
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.4
12.5
20
Block 4 Unit 13: Galaxies
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
13.2
13.2.1
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.4
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
21
Block 4 Unit 14 : Active Galaxies
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.3
14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.4
14.4.1
22
Block 4 Unit 15: Large Scale Structure and The Expanding Universe
Section Explanation of
Concepts
Examples
given
Language
used
Mathematics
used
Technical
Definitions
Figures and
Tables
SAQs and
Terminal
Questions
Time taken to
study the section
(min./h.)
15.2
15.2.1
15.2.2
15.3
15.3.1
15.4
15.4.1
15.5
15.6
15.6.1
15.6.2
