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Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 1
Peyre
j @
ip
no.i
n2p
3.f
r
Measurements of some Crystals
with PMT
R&D on Calorimeters
Jean PeyréLund - June 2007
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 2
Peyre
j @
ip
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 3
Peyre
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 4
Peyre
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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD/PMT+137Cs
5,74%
8,05%
8,23% 9,39%
6,70%
9,40% 10,33%
5,86% 6,57%
12,28%
22x22x22 22x22x220 44x22x200 66x22x200
XP
5300B
XP
1912
AP
D S
8664-1
010
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 5
Peyre
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XP1452
• XP1452 38 mm (Active area 4x272mm2), green extended bialkaly
• Quantum efficiency 30% at 420nm, 20% at 550nm• Size from 35mm to 50mm
Use of XP1452 foreseen in 2006
Next tests with XP1452
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 6
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rConclusions of Milano Oct
2006
1. Collected light through long crystals is not constant. Tests with non collimated 137Cs source give resolutions greater that 15%.
2. The choice of VM2000 seems obvious3. With XP1912, it seems difficult to have a resolution
better than 9%-10% at 662keV on long crystals because:a. Area covered by PMT is only 36% with 22x22
output faceb. Intrinsic resolution of crystal is quite high
(~4/5%)c. Photocathode is not green extended bialkaly
4. Resolution obtained with PMT XP1912 and APD are quite comparable until 3.25MeV
5. No work has been done on surface quality (polished/rough)
6. Use of XP1452 seems promising7. Tests on LaCl3/LaCl3 crystals
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 7
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rConclusions of Milano Oct
2006
Photodetector
Area photok
Area photok/Area Xtal
Quantum Efficiency
Global Efficiency
@0.66Mev
@1.33Mev
@3.25Mev
Cost
XP5300B
>484 mm2
100% 24% 24% 5.54%
4.83%
4.36%
Testonly
XP1912 176 mm2
36% 14% 5% 9.25%
7.11%
5.49%
120€
XP145238x38
272 mm2
56% 20% 11% 6.89%
5.62%
4.73%
350/2€
XP145244x44
380 mm2
79% 20% 16% 6.21%
5.21%
4.54%
350/2€
APD 100 mm2
21% 85% 17% 9.00%
6.64%
5.15%
150€
Calculated ResolutionsXtal 22x22x220 @550nm
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 8
Peyre
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 9
Peyre
j @
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Photodetector
Area photok
Area photok/Area Xtal
Quantum Efficiency
Global Efficiency
@0.66Mev
@1.33Mev
@3.25Mev
Cost
XP5300B
>484 mm2
100% 24% 24% 5.54%
4.83%
4.36%
Testonly
XP1912 176 mm2
36% 14% 5% 9.25%
7.11%
5.49%
120€
XP145238x38
272 mm2
56% 20% 11% 6.89%
5.62%
4.73%
350/2€
XP145244x44
380 mm2
79% 20% 16% 6.21%
5.21%
4.54%
350/2€
APD 100 mm2
21% 85% 17% 9.00%
6.64%
5.15%
150€
Measurements with Square PMT
Calculated ResolutionsXtal 22x22x220 @550nm
Measured reasult:6,75%
Case #1 :In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22In Black : PMT XP1452
Case #2 :In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22In Black : PMT XP1452
Measured reasult:6,42%
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 10
Peyre
j @
ip
no.i
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 11
Peyre
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x22x220
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal
Co
llect
ed L
igh
t (p
he-
) b
y X
P53
00B
juin-06VM
déc-06VM
juin-06Tf
déc-06Tf
Resolution (FWHM)
homogeneity
XP 5300B 22x22x220
Teflon dec06
Teflon sept06
VM2000 sept06
VM2000 dec06
R8,18%
+-21,24%
R6,70%
+-12,49%
R7,02%
+-8,33%
R6,71%
+-2,23%
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 12
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x44x220
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal
Co
llect
ed L
igh
t (p
he-
) b
y X
P53
00B
juin-06VM
déc-06VM
juin-06Tf
déc-06Tf
5,86%
6,35%
Resolution (FWHM)
homogeneity
+-4,73%
+-1,58%
XP 5300B 22x44x200
6,65%
6,94%
+-9,60%
+-5,03% Teflon
Teflon
VM2000
VM2000
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 13
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x66x220
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal
Co
llect
ed L
igh
t (p
he-
) b
y X
P53
00B
juin-06VM
déc-06VM
juin-06Tf
déc-06Tf
6,57%
6,90%
Resolution (FWHM)
homogeneity
+-4,37%
+-1,66%
XP 5300B 22x66x200
6,68%
7,05%
+-7,46%
+-3,82%
VM2000
Teflon
VM2000
Teflon
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 14
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x22x220
Crystal 22x22x220Before modification by St GobainOutput face polished and others unpolished
After modification by St GobainPolished (brown), unpolished (red)
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 15
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x44x200 & 22x66x200
Crystal 22x44x200 & 22x66x200Before modification by St GobainOutput face polished and others unpolished
After modification by St GobainPolished (brown), unpolished (red)
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 16
Peyre
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 17
Peyre
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from Amcrys 22x22x220
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal
Co
llec
ted
Lig
ht
(ph
e-)
by
XP
5300
B
Amcrys_emb Amcrys
Amcrys_VM2000
Resolution (FWHM)
homogeneity
XP 5300B 22x22x220
R6,46%
+-2,97%
R6,33%
+-1,36%
Original
VM2000 Feb07
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 18
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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain/Amcrys/Scionnix 22x22x220
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal
Amcrys_VM2000
St-Gobain_VM2000
Scionnix_VM2000
XP 5300B 22x22x220
R6,33%
+-1,36%
R6,71%
+-2,23%
Amcrys
Saint-Gobain
R6,29%
+-1,72%
Scionnix
Resolution (FWHM)
homogeneity
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 19
Peyre
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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)
+VM2000+PMT+137CsCrystal from different companies with XP5300B
5,74%
6,71% 6,33%
5.96% 5,75%
St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
22x22x220
6,29%
22x22x22
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 20
Peyre
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 21
Peyre
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LaBr3 & LaCl3 Crystals
LaBr3 & LaCl3 Crystals from St –Gobain 1inch diam and 1inch length
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 22
Peyre
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rEnergy Resolution of LaBr3
data from St-Gobain
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 23
Peyre
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rEnergy Resolution of LaBr3
0,0%
2,0%
4,0%
6,0%
8,0%
10,0%
12,0%
0 keV 1000 keV 2000 keV 3000 keV 4000 keV 5000 keV 6000 keV 7000 keV
Energy
LaBr3 diam25x25 measured @ IPNO
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 24
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0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
Energy Resolution for some Crystals
60Co
137Cs
56Co
LaBr3
LaCl3
CsI(Tl)
CsI(Na)22x22x22
22x22x22
Diam25x25
Diam25x25
XP5300B
E
A
En
erg
y re
solu
tio
n
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 25
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0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
Energy Resolution for some Crystals
60Co
137Cs
56Co
LaBr3
LaCl3
CsI(Tl)
CsI(Na)22x22x22
22x22x22
Diam25x25
Diam25x25
N
1
4700phé
6800phé
10705phé
13172phé
@662keVE
A
N:number of photo-electrons
XP5300B
En
erg
y re
solu
tio
n
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 26
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rEnergy Resolution you can
obtain with CsI(Tl)
With PMT:
R: global resolution RS: scintillator resolution
RM: Photomultiplier resolution Nv(M)1
2.35RM
v(M): variance of the PMT gain (~0,1)N: Number of photoelectrons
2M
2S
2 RRR
N phé RM pmt RS scint R
900 8,62% 4,00% 9,50%
950 8,39% 4,00% 9,29%
1000 8,17% 4,00% 9,10%
2000 5,78% 4,00% 7,03%
3000 4,72% 4,00% 6,19%
4000 4,09% 4,00% 5,72%
5000 3,66% 4,00% 5,42%
6000 3,34% 4,00% 5,21%
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 27
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0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
“Intrisic” Energy Resolution for some Crystals
N:number of photo-electrons
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
10,0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
N
1
2M
2S
2 RRR
LaBr3LaCl3
CsI(Tl)
CsI(Na)
Rm
R
Rs
N
1
Rm
R
Rs
N
1
Rm
RRs
N
1Rm
RRs
•The intrisic resolution is not constant with Energy and depends on root of the energy (1/root(E))•Labr3 is the only Crystal whose resolution is not mainly dominated by the quality of the crystal (Rs) but also by collected light (N)
En
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
En
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
En
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
En
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 28
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rSeparation of peaks with
Labr3
• For 60Co, 3 peaks at 3,202, 3,253 et 3,273 MeV. Is it possible to separate the first one from the others?
3.45MeV
3.25MeV + 3.27Mev
3.20MeV
2.74MeV
Energy
Nb of counts
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 29
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rSeparation of peaks for Labr3 &
CsI(Tl)
3.25MeV + 3.27Mev
3.20MeV
Energy
Nb of counts
0
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
0,04
0,045
3140 3160 3180 3200 3220 3240 3260 3280 3300 3320 3340 3360 3380
Labr3
0
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
3140 3160 3180 3200 3220 3240 3260 3280 3300 3320 3340 3360 3380
3.25MeV + 3.27Mev +3.20MeV
CsI(Tl)
Energy
Nb of counts
R1.4%@3.2MeV
R2.8%@3.2MeV
R3.6%@3.2MeV
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 32
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 33
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Possible Calorimeter Design
We have ordered 2 CsI(Tl) crystals from Scionnix. All material under test in September at IPNO (CsI(Tl)+Dual PMT)
Square PMT(1 per 2 crystals)
RectangularCrystals
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 35
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rPossible Calorimeter Design
Prototype
In 2008, construction of a prototype of 18 Xtals [CsI(Tl)] with 9 square PMT
•Simulation and Tests of the prototype with different thickness of material in between the crystals depending on mechanical and physics considerations.
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 36
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 37
Peyre
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rStudy of thin envelops for
LaBr3 Xtals with Saint-Gobain
Try to realise a prototype of 20x20x20 mm3 with St-Gobain LaBr3 inside a carbon alveol to reduce the thickness of envelop
2mm -> <0.5mm
Leakage He Test of carbon alveol with aluminium foil (200μm+30μm)
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 38
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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)
a) Measurements with square PMT
b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals
c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix
4.Calorimeter Design
3.Measurements with new Crystals
a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3
b) Time measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3/BaF2
5.Conclusions
a) Design and prototype proposition
b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals
Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 39
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Conclusions
CsI(Tl)• For CsI(Tl), the basic resolution for different manufacturers
is quite comparable for small Crystals, but the wrapping and opticical treatement for long crystals seem at that time to be a very difficult science for St Gobain
• Energy resolution of 5/5.5% seams reachable with XP1452 at 1MeV
New Crystals• Even if Labr3/LaCl3 is very promising, St Gobain seems at that time to
have great difficulties to make long crystals.• Good Energy and Time resolution on small Crystals• There are no competitors on this market at that time• Are they interested by designing special crystals for physics experiments ?
Calorimeter Design• Prototype of 18 Crystals for test and simulation in lab