Petroleum Facilites of Germany 1945 118

8/14/2019 Petroleum Facilites of Germany 1945 118

1/29

302 - DISTRIBUTINGAllocations and rationing

To control the transactions in commodities within their jurisdiction, to regulate the same, especially their acquisition, distribution, use, and storing (theorder transfers to the Bewirtschaftungsstellen the powers originally granted withintheir jurisdiction to the Reich Board),The organizations enumerated above, when acting as Bewirtschaftungsstellen,^add to their name "als Bewirtschaftungsstelle des Reichsbeauftragten fur Mineralol"

(as Managing Agency of the Reich Commissioner for Mineral Oil). The Bewirtschaftungsstellen are empowered to issue orders, (desoribed as Anordnungen), which are,however, to be approved by the Reich Commissioner unless they are instructions inindividual cases (Einzelanweisungen)5.11.2 Allooatlons and Rationing

The basic regulations and decrees controlling the allocation and distributingof oil products are issued by the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol. The sanctions andpenalties for non-compliance with these regulations are extremely severe. The specific regulations concerning allocations of the various types of oil are summarizedbelow.Motor Fuel.- All liquid motor fuel, produced or imported, must be sold exclusively to the Zentralburo fur Mineralol (Central Bureau for Mineral Oil), the administrative office of the compulsory cartel for the distribution of liquid fuel.Producers and importers are prohibited from making sales to any purchaser other than-the Zentralburo. The fuel is sold by this bureau, through the distributive systemof its members, to the consumers holding ration cards. These ration cards areissued by the Economic Offices, in accordance with general directives, to consumers,or against supply certificates (Bezugsscheine) to industrial users. The supplycertificates are allocated to manufacturers, etc., by the various quota agencies towhich the Reichsstelle delegated that power.The generio term for these different licenses, entitling the beneficiary toreceive oil, is Supply Permits (Bezugsberechtigung). Several types of Supply Per

mits are issued in connection with the rationing of fuel:(1) Filling-station cards (Tankausweiskarten):

a. Filling station cards for light motor fuel (Tankausweiskarten furVergaserkraftstoff)b. Filling station cards for diesel fuel (Tankausweiskarten furDieselkraftstoff)c. Filling-station cards for motor kerosene (Tankausweiskarten furMotorenpetroleum) which are also valid for certain tractor fuels.

(2) Mineral Oil Supply Certificates (MineralBlbezugscheine) which are valid,according to their tenor, for light motor fuel or diesel fuel.

(3) Liquid gas control stamps (Treibgas-Kontrollmarken)The filling station cards and liquid gas control stamps may be used both fordelivery from filling-stations and from warehouses. They must be surrendered tothe vendor prior to the delivery of the merchandise, but not before the day of delivery. They must be preserved by the supplier and invalidated by his stamp. Againstmineral oil supply certificates, however, fuel may be delivered only from the placeof storage. The certificate must previously, or simultaneously, be surrendered andthe supplier must mark the quantity delivered on the back of the certificate. Allthese supply permits are issued by the Economic Offices, but the Reichsstelle mayalso designate other agencies for their issuance.


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DISTRIBUTING - 303Allocations and rationing

THE SYSTEM CONTROLLING THE WARTIME DISTRIBUTION OF MOTOR FUEL IN GERMANYREICHSSTELLE FUR MINERALOL PRODUCERS IMPORTERSReich Board For Mineral Oi l

ZENTRALBURO FUR MINERALOLREGIONAL ECONOMIC The pool (sole buyer and seller) andOFFICES its distr ibutive agentb

LOCAL ECONOMIC AGRI INDUSTRIALCONSUMERS CULTURALFFICES USERSUSERSU(i (i < - < ;-


3/29

304 - DISTRIBUTINGAllocations and rationingMotor fuel obtained against a supply permit must not be sold by a consumer toother consumers. Motor manufacturers, however, and repair shops are permitted todeliver the motors manufactured or repaired by them with a supply of fuel. Consumers are nevertheless permitted to sell the fuel to authorized distributing companies and are even obliged to do so if directed by the agenoy that issued the supply permit.Lubricants.- Large distributors of lubricants obtain monthly quotas corresponding to their previous share in the total business. They make deliveries to wholesalers against dealer1s certificates (Handlersoheine) which the wholesalers reoeivefrom the Sub-Trade Group of Lubricant Wholesalers, granted in accordance with theirprevious share. Consumers get their materials against various ration cards.The rules governing allocation and distribution of lubricants differ regardinguse in internal combustion engines and other uses (Schmierstoffe fur nichtmoterische Zweoke). The general rule for both types is as follows:"Lubricants must be applied for, bought, and used exclusively for war andother most essential purposes, and only in quantities which are necessary for thosepurposes under the most economical use and in compliance with the regulations concerning used oil.nThe order lists all materials to be regarded as lubricants. (See Appendix 16)In the allocation of lubricants for purposes other than for .use in internalcombustion engines the rules differentiate between large consumers,,medium consumers.(Normalverbrauoher), and small consumers.Large consumers are those who had been designated as such by the Reichsstellein unpublished orders given to individual firms (Einzelverordnungen). These firmsobtain permits for the acquisition of lubrioants from the Schmierstoffgemeinschaft,the cartel for lubricants.Medium consumers are all those who do not specifically or automatically fallinto one of the other two classifications. They obtain their permits for the ac

quisition of lubricants from the Regional Economic Offices.Small consumers are those who did not use any lubricants in 1943, or who didnot use more than 60 kilos. They are permitted to acquire lubricants up to 20 ,kilos per annum without a permit, or, if the quantity used in 1943 was more than 20kilos, the same quantity as used in 1943, but not in excess of 60 kilos. Quantitiesin excess of that amount must be authorized by the Regional Eoonomio Office.Contrary to the rules outlined above, the acquisition of certain lubrioants,or lubrioants for certain uses, must be authorized by steering boards. The orderlists these lubrioants and uses, indicating the respective steering boards. Theseboards are listed in Appendix 17.Another exception to the general rules was made in connection with so-called

special lubricants (Sondersohmiermitteln). These are defined for the purpose ofthe order as "watch oil, graphite suspensions and other specialities used and acquired ordinarily in very small quantities". Large and medium consumers may acquirethese without a permit up to 20 kilos per annum.The foregoing account has referred to permits to acquire lubricants. Permits,however, are not sufficient to obtain the material, for lubricants must not be delivered to consumers without lubricant stamps (Schmierstoffmarken) of the Reichsstelle f5r MineralSl. The stamps are issued on the basis of the permits, apparentlyby the Eoonomic Offices, as in the case of other materials.Small consumers, who obtain their limited quantities without rationing, mustmake a written declaration as to quantities used in a form prescribed in the order.In the allocation of lubrioants for use in Internal combustion engines, lubricating oil must not be delivered or accepted without motor oil certificates (Motor


4/29

DISTRIBUTING- - 305Allocations and rationing

olsoheine) issued by the Economic Offices.Distributors of mineral oils are obliged to transact with the owners of rationcards the business allocated to them by the Regional Economic Offices. There arespecial provisions concerning supplies of all kinds of lubricants to the armedforces and elaborate regulations concerning the use of lubricants as cooling agentsin cutting and other mechanioal procedures.Kerosene.- Industrial consumers obtain their rations from the quotas allocatedto the various trade groups to which the industrialist belongs and from the Economic Offices. Household rations are issued by the Economio Offices.The ration cards for industrial users, the kerosene licenses (Petroleum Berechtigungsscheine) are issued for fixed amounts, whereas those for homes, the kerosene certificates (Petroleumbezugsauweise) are issued without fixed quantities, andthe quantities are being established by the Regional Economic Offices from month tomonth.The retailers pass on the kerosene certificates to wholesalers, but the kerosene licenses are first exchanged by the Economic Offices into Kerosene Certifioatee,Wholesalers make out their own "Kerosene Orders" (Petroleumbestallscheine) on thebasis of the ration cards they receive, and obtain their supplies against thesefrom the cartel. The kerosene cartel (Petroleumgemelnschaft) is the supplier ofkerosene; all imports and all material produced domestically are concentrated intheir hands.Kerosene used in motors is treated as motor fuel (see page 302).Benzol.- Benzol used as fuel is distributed exclusively through the ZentralbCro fur Mineralol, in accordance with the rules relating to motor fuel. Industrial benzol is handled by the benzol cartel (Arbeitsgemeinschaft DeutscherBenzolerzeuger) which is the sole buyer of all benzol and the sole supplier of thetradeProducers and importers are not allowed to use or sell any kind of benzol untilits toluol content has been reduced to one per cent. Producers and importers whoare not in a position to carry out this instruction must deliver the benzol to adistillery assigned to them by the benzol cartel.Industrial benzol is allocated to certain types of manufacturers by steeringboards designated for that purpose; these steering boards are listed below. Otherusers of benzol (those not enumerated below) and retailers may obtain the same quantity of benzol they had during the preceding year without a license, and 10 kilosper month may be obtained without license for analytic purposes. Any requirementbeyond that quantity, however, must be authorized by the benzol cartel.The industrial users for whom steering boards were designated are the following:

I n d u s t r i a l U s e r s S t e e r i n g Boards"Large Consumers" (I.G. Farbenindustrie, manufacturers of explosives, and of phenol) Reich Board, ChemistryProducers of pharmaceutical products (except I.G,Farbenindustries) "

n n

Other orgariical-chemioal industriesProducers of lacquer and paintProducers of artificial lacquersManufacturers of certain materials used in theconservation of leather. "


5/29

306 - DISTRIBUTINGMiscellaneous regulationsI n d u s t r i a l U s e r s (Continued) Steering Boards

Producers of materials used in the textile industry Reich Board, ChemistryProducers of materials used in the preservation of w " "buildingsProducers of printers1 ink M n "Producers of saccharine n * Rubber industry Reich Board, RubberPrinters Economic Group,PrintersSpecial and Test-Benzine - These materials may be sold only against supplypermits (Berechtigungschelne) issued by the Reich Board. Resellers may use, fortheir purchases, supply permits which expired during the preceding quarter.Bitumen.- Bitumen and building material containing bitumen must not be delivered, "~soTd7~~or used without the permission of the Reichsstelle fCr MineralSl. Thispower was transferred by the Reiohsstelle to so-called distributing boards (Verteflungsstellen) which have jurisdiction to authorize the distribution and use ofcertain bitumens for certain purposes. (For list see Appendix 18)Tar and tar products.- These products must not be sold without permission ofthe Reichsstelle or the agencies appointed by that board.Paraffin and Vaseline.- These products must not be sold without a permit. Thepermits are issued either by the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol itself, or by agenciesappointed by that board for specific purposes, which are listed partly in the decree itself, partly in its appendix, on similar principles as for the other materials discussed above.Used Oil and Remnants.- Used oil (oil that cannot be utilized for its originalpurpose in its existing state), remnants of Fuller's earth containing mineral oils,mineral waxes, oils of vegetable or animal origin, and brewer's pitch must be reprocessed. Only plants authorized by the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol are permittedto recondition these materials. A list of individual firms to which this authoritywas granted was published by the Reichsstelle in December 1942.The plants must oollect and preserve the used material, selected separately bykind, and sell it to authorized dealers, authorized regenerating plants, or have itregenerated by these. The dealers purchasing such used materials are under thesame obligation. The collected material must be regenerated, or offered for sale,within three months.The regenerated lubricating oil must meet the standards prescribed by the Committee of Trade-Norms for Lubricants (Fachnormen-Ausschuss fur Schmiermittel-

Anforderungen), which may be obtained from the firm Beuth-Vertriebs-Gesellschaftm.b.H., Dresdner Strasse 97, Berlin SW 19. Should the regenerated material fallshort of these standards, it must not be sold in the open market.The plants which regenerated their own oil before July 18, 1941 are permittedto continue to do so; and all plants are permitted to clean their own material bymechanical processes (centrifugal devices, filtration, etc.). This latter rule doesnot apply to the used oil of internal-combustion engines.

5.11.3 Miscellaneous RegulationsRegulations Restricting the Uses of All Types of Oil Products

In addition to the rules regulating the acquisition of materials, there arenumerous restrictions on the use of materials by the owner.


6/29

DISTRIBUTING - 307Miscellaneous regulations

Liquid fuel and liquid gas must not be used without the license of the Reiohsstelle, or the agency to which the Reichsstelle may delegate that power, and itmust not be used for any other purpose than the one stated in the license. Theissuance of ration cards implies a permit to use the material only for the specificpurpose for which it was issued.Mineral Oils, other than liquid fuels, must not be used as motor fuels, forthe stretching of motor fuels, or for the manufacture of motor fuel mixtures.Lubricating oil issued for use in internal-combustion engines must be used only on the machine and for the purpose for which it was allocated.Heating.- Mineral oils, of any kind, must not be used for the purpose of heating without the permission of the Reichsstelle. This does not apply, however, tothe kerosene obtained against kerosene certificates, mentioned above, to uses bythe Navy, and to beneficiaries to whom special permission was given under order19/A of the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol.Other restrictions of uses.- The use of mineral oils, of any kind, is prohibited in the manufacture of artificial fertilizers, or as floor polishes, furniturepolishes, wood preservers, or in the manufacture of such materials.

Regulations Concerning StorageMinimum quantities.- The Reichsstelle issues individual orders to certainfirms instructing them to keep minimum supplies. These orders are not published.The firm must preserve these stocks, not letting them fall below the prescribed level, even if customers wish to draw against valid allotments or ration cards.Maximum quantities.- The ownership of a supply permit or of a ration card doesnot of itself necessarily give the authority to purchase materials, since there areceilings as to the maximum quantity that the owner of the permit may hold:"Supply permissions, even if duly issued, may not be utilized if the materialto be ordered together with the available supplies and the quantities in transitu,exceed the quantity actually used by the consumer during the last preceding threemonths "There are provisions to the same effect concerning other oil products such aslubricants, kerosene, and special- and test-benzine.

Control of Means of Transportation and of ContainersThe basic legislation is the decree of the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol, No.Xl/43 of December 21, 1942, oonoerning the control of means of transportation andcontainers of mineral oil. The decree covers all private railroad cars, tankers oninland waterways, road tank-cars, tanks, and other containers (barrels, cans, andsmall containers) which were used on or before September 4, 1939 for the transportation or storing of materials under the jurisdiction of the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol (a) or which were manufactured after that date for that purpose. These means oftransportation and containers must be used according to instructions of the Reichs

stelle fur Mineralol, and must be sold, rented, or their use permitted, to thirdpersons if the Reichsstelle so directs.The following regulations were enacted in order to speed up the circulation ofcontainers:1) If the material is delivered in containers lent by the supplier, a corresponding capacity of containers previously lent must be first returned.2) The purchaser must empty the containers of the supplier and return themwithout delay The time limit is four months, after which time the containers notreturned must'be reported by the supplier to the Reichsstelle fdr Mineralol.

(a) For list of these materials, see Appendix 12.


7/29

308 - DISTRIBUTINGAllocation and distribution

The preceding rules do not apply to deliveries to the armed forces.The tanks of filling stations must not be sold, rented, or their use permittedto third persons, without the permission of the Reichsstelle, except to the Zentralb&ro fur Mineraldl. An amendment to the original decree, dated July 1, 1943, madethe sale, renting, or permitting the use to third persons, of unused tanks of anykind (if they are built-in and have a capacity between 20 and 200 cubic meters) unlawful, unless the Reichsstelle fur Mineralol lioensed the transaction.

Duty t Furnish InformationThe Nazis, in recognition of the faot that control over the German economywould be difficult without centralized information, enacted laws covering everyfield of national life, compelling individuals and firms to supply information required by the Government, The basic legislation on which the Nazi orders werebased was an old decree of July 17, 1923, enacting penal provisions for not supplying required information. If a punishable act was committed by non-compliance, afine up to 300,000 marks could be levied on the guilty party, unless he could provethat he had acted with all necessary care. Under the Nazis the Reich Commissionerswere permitted to levy fines by registered letter, and without proceedings, up to10,000 marks.As the raw material situation became strained, the regulations concerning information became even more strict. Hitler's decree of March 21, 1942, imposed apunishment of imprisonment or fine without any limitation, or the death penalty insevere cases, for anyone who gave false reports concerning needs or supplies ofgoods or labor important in the war economy. However, immunity was granted to theperson rectifying his false statement before proceedings started against him, Ifthe amendment was filed within three months. Non-recurrent reports filed beforethe enactment of the order had to be amended only if the oompetent agency so ordered.The reports in the sphere of the Reiohsstelle fur Mineralol, to which thosesevere penalties are attached, are those concerning bitumen (order No. 31/A of the14.8.4., Sect. 7 ) , paraffin (order No. 34, of 21,3.40, Sect. 3 ) , vaseline (orderNo. 36 of 17.6.40, Sect. 3 ) , and the use of mineral oil for certain restricted pur

poses (order No. 33 of 16.3.40. Sect. 3 ) . Otherwise, the report had to be rectifiedonly to obtain immunity from the penalties of the order if the non-disclosed quantity exceeded 2,000 kilos of diesel fuel, or 1,000 liters of light motor fuel, or200 kilos of other materials in the sphere of control of the Reichsstelle furMineralol.5.11.4 Allocation and Distribution of Substitute Fuels

In June 1942 the Zentralstelle fur Generatoren (Central Office for Generators)was established in the Four Year Plan Office for development of adequate generatorsand fuels and the creation of a distribution system. One of the first actions ofthe Zentralstelle fur Generatoren was the reorganization of the Generatorkraft A.G.,a state corporation. Its share capital was raised from RM. 1.8 million, mostlyowned by the timber industry, to RM. 9 million. Of the increased capital, fiftyper cent was taken by the Rustungskontor, A Ministry of Armaments and War productioncorporation, 22.5 per cent by the Reichsvereinigung Kohle, ten per cent by timberinterests, and most of the remaining capital by oil companies. The GeneratorkraftA.G. had, and presumably still has, a monopoly of the distribution of solid substitute fuels. It has established a chain of filling stations in Germany.

Since April 2, 1943, solid fuels have been delivered only against solid fuelcards (Festkraftstoffkarte), though rationing was not introduced. The holder of aoard is entitled to purchase solid fuels. Restriction of consumption was accomplished by regulations concerning the use of generator vehicles. There are twotypes of cards, one for solid fuels with a high tar content (timber, peat, and lignite) and one for solid fuels with a low tar content (anthracite and coke). Eachpurohase of fuel must be registered on the card. In general, the validity of acard is limited to filling stations within a certain radius, usually 50 kilometers,


8/29

DISTRIBUTING - 309Balk storage facilities

of the place in whioh the vehicle for which it was issued is usually garaged andspecial permits are required for long distance hauls.Little information is available on the control of the distribution of gaseoussubstitute fuels. It was announced in March 1943 that under the supervision of theZentrallstelle fur Generatoren the A.G. der Kohlenwertstoffverbande was to undertake, in cooperation with various urban communities, the completion or constructionof a number of filling stations for high pressure gas. It was also announced that

low pressure gas stations were to be erected by the association of German bus traffic companies.A resume* of the effeots on German civilian economy of these regulations andrestrictions have already been presented in the sections on civilian consumptionand use of substitute fuels on pages 217 to 233.

5.12 SUMMARY OF BULK STORAGE FACILITIESThe table on pages 310 to 328 summarizes the available information concerningbulk storage points known or reported to exist in Germany. The table is followedby a number of layout plans illustrative of the type of commercial bulk plantscommon in Germany. Also included are maps showing the locations of known petroleumfacilities at Berlin, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Magdeburg, Mannheim-Ludwigshafen and Regensburg. A map, showing the locations of all storage pointslisted in the summaries and also showing the Werkreise boundaries and the map sheetreference numbers, appears on page 329.


9/29

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320 - DISTRIBUTINGStatistical summary

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DISTRIBUTING - 329Storage map


29/29

Aicen a . d . El be

BULK PLANT"OLEX" DEUTSCHE BENZINUND PETROLEUM-G.m.b.H.

AKENa.d. ELBE

1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . I . I . I , L I . I , . I . I . 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 . 1 , 1 , U . I . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 , 1 , ! . I l l , 1 1 U . I . U . U . I . I . U . I . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 , I E ?

GASOLINE3768 M325738 BBLSGASOLINE3768 M325738 BBLS

KEROSENE3768 M325738 BBLS

MIXING TANKS300 M31890 BBLS EACH

141 M3888 BBLS

TO THE ELBE RIVER

OL D MILL PONDNARROW GAUGE TRACK

Documents

Petroleum Facilites of Germany 1945 118