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Something old, something new, something borrowed,
something blue
Peter Kuikman & Oene Oenema
Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra)
Smart Fertilization – the concept
Smart Fertilization - definition
‘.... the process of allocating and handling nutrient resources to achieve agronomic objectives, environmental and societal objectives’ (Oenema et al, 2013).
It is a ‘cyclic process’ with a series of specific activities:
1. analysis of plant needs and soil supply
2. decision making
3. planning
4. execution
5. monitoring and control.
Smart Fertilization – drivers
Smart fertilization is dynamic and responds to
● Science
● Technology
● Markets
● Society
Smart Fertilization - objectives
Objectives include:
● Agronomic objectives relate to high crop yields and
quality and economic competitiveness
● Environmental objectives relate to minimal nutrient
losses and minimal or “no net” greenhouse gas
emissions
● Societal objectives relate to careful information exchange
and to the use of acceptable production methods and
techniques and to safe food and secure food supply
Why Smart Fertilization / Precision
Agriculture?
Restore balance between food production andenvironment
Use High Tech to secure food supply security, food quality and reduce environmental impact
● Field- to site- to plant-specific treatment and responses
Care for non – renewable resources (soil, P)
Avoid mis-management - robotics/machines mayperform better then man does
Consumers want good quality, low impact/foo(t)dprint, low and constant food prices
Smart Fertilization – agronomic principle
‘4-right’ (4R) principle:
1. the right type of element/fertilizer
2. in the right amount
3. applied at the right moment
4. at the right place (row vs broadcast)
Smart fertilization makes use of the best available methods and technologies.
Smart Fertilization – general principles (1)
1. Plants and crops require 14 different and essential
nutriënts (elements) in specific amounts
● Provide the ideal, customized mix of nutriënts
2. Variances exist that can be accounted for:
● Crop needs
● Soil mineralization, mobility and reactivity in soils
● Accumulation of nutrients
● Health risk for humans (elements)
● Health risk for environment & ecosystems (scales)
Principles of Smart Fertilization (2)
3. Crop residues, wastes, manures and compost containall essential elements
● Prevent accumulation of unwanted elements
● Treat and process to optimize the use of these nutrients
4. Nutrients naturally cycle and cannot be destroyed
● Spatial and temporal scales matter and need alignment
What is available and what is not?
Scan of fields (satellite, airplane, drone, tractor, robot)
Nutrient management at 3x3m scales
Ferti-gation (mixed fertilization and irrigation)
Science for supporting fertilizer advice at 3x3m scales
Farmers skills (see ABNAMRO report)
On demand fertilizers to fit specific needs
Prominsing Precision Agriculture Technology
Variable Rate Nutrient Application (N, P, K, Lime, Manure)Inorganic, solid granules Spinner spreader
Pneumatic spreaders (airflow)
Inorganic, Liquid VR pesticide sprayer technology
Organic, Slurry Tank driven
Applicator driven
Organic, Solid Solid manure spreaders
Variable Rate Irrigation
Centre Pivot Speed controlled
Zone controlled
Combination speed/zone controlled
Linear Move Speed controlled
Zone controlled
Combination speed/zone controlled
Micro Irrigation (drip) Zone controlled
Machine Guidance
Driver assistance Light bar
Auto steer
Machine auto guidance Machine integrated
Controlled traffic Farming
Permanent traffic lanes Permanent traffic lanes
Variable rate pesticide application
Input system Map based
Sensor Based
Output system Flow based control
Direct chemical injection
Chemical injector with carrier control
Spraying nozzle control
Variable Rate planting
Output system Independent gear box/hydraulic drive
Independent planting/seeding elements per row
Precision physical weeding
Output system Image analysis systems
Ultrasonic sensors
Research method
23
100 soil samples were taken in each field, using a stratified random soil sampling design.
Both undisturbed and disturbed soil samples weretaken at depth of 5-10, 30-35 and 50-55cm depth, and analysed for soil physical and bio-chemicalcharacteristics, using both standard methods andquick scans with NIR, MIR and XRF.
Challenge ...
Something Old, Something New,
Something Borrowed, Something Blue
and
a Silver Sixpence in her Shoe
To conclude ...
Traditionele bemestingsleer, effectieve bemesting, meststoffen en adviezen
Organische afvallen en reststromen (dierlijke mest, gewasresten, gft) en circular economy; van ieder jaar naar iedere maand een nieuwe meststof; advies?
Zelf waarnemen en advies geven? Capacity building crucial!
“Crowd data sourcing” – big data or privacy? En “niet goed – geld terug” or principle of “statiegeld” tofertilizers?
Thank you and enjoy the afternoon!!
www.recare-project.eu
www.smartsoil.eu
www.animalchange.eu
www.biorefine.eu
www.fertiplus.eu
www.csabooster.eu