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Morning After The Night Before Is the future what it used to be? For pre-viewing … [ Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..]. Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK [email protected]. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Morning After The Night Before Is the future what it used to be?
For pre-viewing … [Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..]
Peter Burnhill
Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK
Role in scholarly communication …
EDINA’s mission: to enhance productivity in research, learning and teaching
In mid-90s, we planned a future, based on host to key A&I Databases: • Art Abstracts, Art Retro Index, PAIS, MLA, EconLit , Palmer’s Index to Times• Agdex, BIOSIS, CAB-Agriculture, CSA Environment, Land, Life & Leisure• Ei Compendex, INSPEC
Served most of UK academic market for those
But ‘Content Gold Rush’ as rights holders took back licences• Stampede for retail frontage with links to full text and other portals
Re-making role … • From Discovery to Delivery [project activity with Mimas: Copac & Zetoc]
• Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials • National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use• Investigating analysis of usage data / e-journals register [see PEPRS below]
• Open Access; Access Management • The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility• Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)
• Pioneered use of Shibboleth for JISC and developed pilot federation (SDSS) • Technical (metadata) support for UK Access Management Federation (with JANET)• JISC Expert Group on Identity & Access Management
• Continuing access and preservation of journal content• Access Host for CLOCKSS, with U of Edinburgh as Archive Node• Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative • Piloting an e-journals preservation registry (PEPRS), with ISSN-IC• Post-cancellation access via NESLi2 (PeCAN), with JISC Collections
having also diversified into GeoSpatial (GoGeo) and Multimedia (VSM Portal) ‘resources’; and support for JISC with e-learning/OER
• Jorum for learning and teaching materials (long term partner with Mimas)
A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication
Author
Reader
writes to be recognised by peer community &
for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes
… perhaps to be read
Key User (Reader) Verbs:
Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article
article is the ‘information object of
desire’
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Libraries and Publishers provide framework …
the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’
... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)
£
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Libraries and Publishers provide framework …
the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’
... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)
£
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication(Access to article–length work)
Institutional arrangement
Licensed Online Access
Forma£
Economy
ILL/docdel
Value-add £ services
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library
Licence
Cloud Activity: (1) An Ever-present Cloud of Peers
peer review
peer exchange
‘invisible college’
Institutional arrangement
Licensed Online Access
Forma£
Economy
ILL/docdel
learned society
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Peer-to-Peer Communication
peer review
peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Forma£
Economy
learned society
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication
peer review
peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Licensed Online Access
Forma£
Economy
ILL/docdel
‘Open Access’
repositories
free2web access
E-prints££
learned society
repositories
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
Shared Challenge about Assured and Continuing Access
peer review
peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Licensed Online Access
Forma£
Economy
ILL/docdel
Continuity of access
learned society
Long term digital preservation
repositories
free2web access
E-prints
repositories
E-prints
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence*
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
* All is Licensed, whether for:•Open Access•Privileged of Membership Access•Payment of Cash Access
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
(2) Peer2Peer Pressure Cloud
peer review
peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Forma£
Economy
learned society
free2web access
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
(3) Cumulus Web Formation, will come to dominate
peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Forma£
Economyfree2web access
Role of Institutional
Repositories?
Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs.
RSS feeds, Wikis
Author(article)
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Library(serial)
Licence
(4) The Challenge in forecasting futures
Open peer
review?peer exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Institutional arrangement
Forma£
Economy
Role of learned society?
free2web access
Role of Institutional Repositories
?
Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs.
RSS feeds, Wikis
Publisher engagement
Value-add £ services
17
What network-level choice?
For (resource) discovery?
• Does Internet mean Google [full product range], Science Direct [and equivalent commercial offerings]?
• What is the contribution at the national level? • For journal content and other literature?• For other resources, eg geo-spatial, learning materials, etc
For (resource) locate, request and access?
• Some resources are ‘open’, others require authorisation: do we plan structure for both? – Delivery of product and services ‘at the network level’– Delivering service (collecting revenue - directly or indirectly)
at the nation state, consortium or institutional level?
authenticationUKAMFed
Shibboleth/Athens
Reader(article)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
Licence =authorisation serial issue article
Scholarly Communication(Focus on formal (£) economy for licensed online access to article–length work published in journals)
[licensed] access to
article online
Library(serial)
‘locate/access’
‘discover’
‘request’
OPACOPAC A&IA&I
ScienceDirect, Scopus, etc
GoogleScholar
OpenURLResolver
LibPortal
Serials managers
Reader(article)
Library(serial)
Licence=authorisation
Scholarly Communication(Institutional & JISC Components)
Forma£
economy
OPACsOPACs
OpenURLResolver
‘discover’
licensed access to
article online ‘locate/access’
authentication
‘request’
A&IA&I
serial issue article
LibPortal
Publisherarticle serial
issue
NESLi2
eg WoK, CABI
eg JSTOR
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
IoPArchive
Serials managers
Reader(article)
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication [historical] (Four projects funded by the JISC as ‘JOIN-UP’: with focus access to article–length work published in journals)
Forma£
economy
zetoc
Xgrain: GetRef
Zblsa: GetCopy
‘discover’licensed access to
article
‘locate’
A&IA&I
serial issue article
Docusend: non-BL docdel
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Reader(article)
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication (Historical: JOIN-UP Project Outcomes)
zetoc
Open URLresolver
GetCopy
National OpenURL Router ‘discover’licensed
access to article
‘locate’
A&IA&I
serial issue article
m2mGetRef for
articles in Institutional &Subject Portals
GetRefLibPortal
OpenURL Resolvers:‘appropriate copy’ national OpenURL router: ‘appropriate resolver’
SUNCAT70 largest libraries
Reader(article/serial)
UK research libraries(national, university & specialist)
Licence
Scholarly Communication(JISC/RSLP establishes SUNCAT as UK serials union catalogue)
ISSNRegister
OPACsOPACs
‘discover’
licensed access to
article
‘locate’
serial issue article
DOAJ1. Locate & discover serials held in UK
other than in local OPAC2. Upgrade OPACs
have good bib. records
3. metadata on electronic access subscriptions/dealsNISO/Onix/DLF(ERMI)
Publisherarticle serial
issue
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
2
CONSER
Serials managers
Serials managers
SUNCAT
Reader(article)
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication(Bringing JISC-funded components together with bought-in 3rd party products)
licensed access to
article
zetoc
GetRef
ETOCs
‘discover’
A&IA&I
serial issue article
‘access’
authentication
‘request’
Open URLresolver
ISSNRegister
OPACsOPACs
‘locate’
DOAJ
m2m
GetCopy National OpenURL Router
Serials managers
SUNCAT
Reader(article)
Library(serial)
Licence
Scholarly Communication: inter-working; use of what others provide; what is missing: Journals Portal?
CONSER
ISSN Register
OPACsOPACs
zetoc
GetRefOpen URLresolver
ETOCs
‘discover’
licensed access to article
A&IA&I
serial issue article
DOAJ
LibPortal
CLOCKSS
‘locate’
OpenDOAR
the Depot
Intute Search
GoogleScholar/Facebook/spaces
Publisherarticle serial
issue
‘open access’ to article
IRs
Onix
Xref peer review
learned society
Inst. Repos.
VLE
Copac, WorldCat,Other Catalogues
M as new Reader
25
what visions have others had?
26
1) a comprehensive electronic journal system
• “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of .. scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of
articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … – telecommunications infrastructure is already available …
• “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, – [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from
publishers. – it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.
Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.
• “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be …
Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”
27
1) a comprehensive electronic journal system [1978]• “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of
… scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of
articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … – telecommunications infrastructure is already available …
• “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, – [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from
publishers. – it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.
Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.
• “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be …
Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”
• “some at NSF were disappointed because other studies forecast much quicker implementation”
Donald King: study in 1978, published in 1981, reviewed in 1983
‘Scientific journals in the United States: Their production, use and economics’, King, McDonald and Roderer, 1981 Out of Print.
Review by C. Lee Jones, Bull. Med. Lib. Assoc. 71(4) 1983; available http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov)
28
2) Pricing model for the future
“… goal is to give people access to as much information as possible ….
“… experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation”
29
2) Pricing model [projected] for the future [2000]
“Elsevier’s goal is to give people access to as much information as possible on a flat fee, unlimited use basis.
“Elsevier’s experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation”
Karen Hunter, Elsevier, March 2000
PEAK 2000 Conference ‘Brings Librarians, Publishers, Economists Together’– a path breaking conference at University of Michigan, looking at
Traditional Subscription vs Bundled vs Per Article– Now published, 8 years later
* as ‘Economics and usage of digital libraries: byting the bullet’, Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason and Wendy Pradt Lougee (eds). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan University Library, Scholarly Publishing Office 2008
• But could have been found & read during past 8 years on Internet/Web • anytime, anyplace at www.si.umich.edu/PEAK-2000
30
This takes us back to an earlier JISC Vision about access
Based on privilege of membership, not payment of money• Library Card (Shibboleth) not Visa Card• End users respond to different price-effort models; if not money
then effort. King & Tenopir• But will credit crunch mean cancellations and end of Big Deal?
Just another way of saying “free at the point of use”• walk-in libraries; the development of JISC and its services• ‘Digital library developments - a realistic future?’,
Lyn Brindley & Derek Law, 1997, INSPEL, 31 (4) pp 195-203
• also available at http://en.scientificcommons.org/38270314