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Reservoir Fluids PETE 310, Fall 2012
Instructor: Dr. Maria A. Barrufet
Texas A&M University - Petroleum Engineering Department
Office: 407 C - Office Hours: MWF – 10:30-11:30
Chat Hours on BlackBoard
Anonymous Discussion Board on e-Learning
(will be disabled if no one is online after the first 10 minutes)
MWF – 1:30-2:30 PM
Skype ID – PETE310-2010
Voluntary Help Sessions – Team Groups in Room 302 if # students > 6 MWF – 5:00-6:00
Phone 845-0314
E-mail: [email protected]
Catalog Description: Thermodynamic behavior of naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures; evaluation and correlation of physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids including laboratory and empirical methods. Prerequisites(s): PETE 311; CHEM 107; CVEN 305; MEEN 315; MATH 308 Lecture (501-506) MWF 9:10– 10:00 AM. RICH 106 501 & 502 Lab: T/R 8:00 – 10:50 AM RICH 301/319 503 & 504 Lab: T/R 11:10 – 2:00 PM RICH 301/319 505 & 506 Lab: T/R 2:20 – 5:10 PM RICH 301/319 Lab Instructors on rotational basis: LAB (501-502) Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Raul Gonzalez LAB (503-504) Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Raul Gonzalez LAB (505-506) Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Raul Gonzalez Ernesto Valbuena: [email protected] Office Phone : N/A Office : RICH 711 Office Hours : TBA
Masoud Alfi: [email protected] Office Phone : N/A Office : RICH 711 Office Hours : TBA Raul Gonzalez: [email protected] Office Phone : 979-458.0576 Office : RICH 311 Office Hours : TBA Required Text The Properties of Petroleum Fluids McCain, W. D., Penn Well Publishing Co., Tulsa (Available in digital version in TAMU Library or you can purchase a hard-copy version on your preference) Other Requirements: You will be required to purchase an iclicker. It is a small electronic device available at the bookstores. Registration instructions: https://wikis.tamu.edu/display/itsdocs/Register+your+iclicker+-+Student+Version If you have any problems with registration, please contact i>clicker at [email protected] or 1-866-209-5698. COURSE SYLLABUS & SCHEDULE:
Pd Date Day Reading HW Topics 1 Aug 27 M 1:-pp 1-12 Introduction, Organic Chemistry 2 Aug 29 W 1: pp 12-22 1-4 Alkanes 3 Aug 31 F 1: pp 22-28 1-6, 1-10 Alkenes, Alkynes, Cyclic Aliphatics 4 Sep 3 M 1: pp 28-42 1-9,1-11 Aromatics, Non hydrocarbons
Sep 4 Tuesday Lab 1 Introduction, Orientation –Safety - 5 Sep 5 W 2: pp 46-61 1-3,1-13,1-14 Pure Substances 6 Sep 7 F 2: pp 61-73 2-2,2-4,2-7, 2-8 Two-Component Mixtures
7 Sep 10 M 2: pp 73-84 2-13,2-15,2-18 Three- & Multi-component Mixtures
Sep 11 Tuesday Lab 2 Virtual Lab - Vapor Pressure
8 Sep 12 W 5: pp 147-158 JPT Sep 94
2-23,2-25 Five Reservoir Fluids
9 Sep 14 F 3: pp 90-104 5-1,5-2,5-15,5-16 Ideal Gas
10 Sep 17 M 3: pp 104-117 3-1,3-4,3-7,3-14 Real Gases
Sep 19 W Exam#1 10%
9:10 – 10:00 AM Room 106
Chapters 1, 2, 5
11 Sep 21 F SPE 26668 3-22,3-25,3-27 Real Gases
12 Sep 24 M 6: pp 165-178 3-28,3-29,3-33 Standard Conditions, Bg & µg
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Sep 25 Tuesday Lab 3 Virtual Lab - Gas z-factor: Analysis of Leaks
13 Sep 26 W 6: pp 178-190 6-3,6-7,6-26 cg and Heating value
14 Sep 28 F 7: pp 195-204 6-17,6-18, 6-21 Wet Gas Specific Gravity & z-factor
15 Oct 1 M 8: pp 224-241 7-5,7-8,7-13 Black Oil Definitions
Oct 2 Tuesday Lab 4 Virtual Lab: Bubble Point of Live Oil Sample – Phase Envelope
16 Oct 3 W 9: pp 247-253 8-1,8-7,8-18,8-19 Field Data
17 Oct 5 F 10: pp 271-280 9-1,9-3 Reservoir Fluid Study – Lab Procedure
Oct 8 M No class SPE Annual Meeting Oct 10 W No class SPE Annual Meeting
18 Oct 12 F 10: pp 257-270 10-2,10-3,10-4,10-5 Reservoir Fluid Study – Report
19 Oct 15 M 10: pp 257-270 (web) 10-15,10-17,10-19 Reservoir Fluid Study – Report
Oct 17 W Exam # 2 10%
9:10 – 10:00 AM Room 106
Chapters 3-5-6 -7-8 & SPE26668 & JPT Sep 94
20 Oct 19 F 10: pp 280-292 10-22,10-24 Properties from Reservoir Fluid Study
21 Oct 22 M
11: pp 296-299 JCPT paper, 1999
11-1,11-3 (using JCPT method)
New Correlations for pb & Rs and ρo
Oct 23 Tuesday Lab 5
Virtual Lab: Reservoir Fluid Studies: Constant Composition Expansion (CCE), Differential Liberation (DL) and Separator Tests of a Live Oil Sample
22 Oct 24 W 11: pp 299-317
11-5,11-8,11-10, 11-12, 11-13,11-14
Evaluation of ρo Using Ideal Solution Principles
23 Oct 26 F
11: pp 317-319 11: pp 321-322 JCPT paper, 1999
11-26,11-30, 11-31, 11-33 (use SOPE)
co & µo - Interfacial Tension
24 Oct 29 M 11: pp 326-337 12-3,12-4, 12-6 Ideal Solutions
Oct 30 Tuesday Lab 6 (501-503)
WET LAB Wet Lab: Viscosity of Oil Samples
25 Oct 31 W 12: pp 347-354 12-7, 12-8, 12-9 Ideal Solutions - Exercises
Nov 1 Thursday Lab 6 WET Wet Lab: Viscosity of Oil Samples
(504-506) LAB
26 Nov 2 F 12: pp 354-362 12-17 Non-ideal Solutions
27 Nov 5 M 13: pp 374-383 13-1,13-2, 13-7 Surface Separation Calculations
Nov 6 Tuesday Lab 7 (501-503)
WET LAB
Wet Lab: Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples
28 Nov 7 W 13: pp 383-386 13-8,13-17 Surface Separation Calculations
Exam Review
Nov 8 Thursday Lab 7 (504-506)
WET LAB
Wet Lab: Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples
29 Nov 9 F 14: pp 395-406 14-4 Equilibrium Ratio Correlations
30 Nov 12 M 16: pp 438-444 Water Composition, Bubble Point
Nov 14 W Exam # 3 (20%)
9:10 – 10:00 AM Room 106 Chapters 9-10-11-12-13
31 Nov 16 F 16: pp 444-451 16-1,16-6 Bw , ρw & Rsw
32 Nov 19 M 16: pp 451-467 16-10,16-13,16-16 cw , µw , Moisture Content, Salinity
Lab 8 - Tentative Wet Compositional Testing – Distillation, Condensate – Residual
33 Nov 21 W 17: pp 474-481 16-20, 16-24, 16-28 Conditions for Hydrate Formation
Nov 23 F No class Thanksgiving Holiday
34 Nov 26 M 17: pp 481-485 - Notes 17-1, 17-2, 17-3 Inhibition of Hydrates
Nov 27 Tuesday Lab 9 Virtual Lab : Hydrate formation. Hydrate inhibition techniques
35 Nov 28 W 17: pp 481-485 - Notes
17-9, 17-11 Inhibition of Hydrates
36 Nov 30 F 15: pp 414-425 - Handout
TBD Cubic Equations of State Calculations with Equations of State
37 Dec 3 M 15: pp 414-425 - Handout
TBD Cubic Equations of State Calculations with Equations of State
38 Dec 5 W All Chapters Course Review
All Assignments Due Reading Day—no class Review (Voluntary)
Dec 9 F No class
Dec 10 M 8-10 am (Room 106)
Comprehensive Final Examination (20%)
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COURSE POLICIES 1. Attendance: Students are expected to attend class, to bring textbook, notes, homework problems and calculator. 2. Assignments: Homework problems must be worked out on engineering analysis paper. All problems must be fully documented. Assignments are due are the beginning of the class on Friday’s. Late assignments will normally be given a grade of zero. 3. Work Quality: Neat, legible, systematic and complete presentation is required in assignments and examinations for full credit. Units must be written wherever appropriate for the answers. 4. Examinations: Examinations are not optional. The format for each will be announced. Make-up examinations will be given only for university excused absences. 5. Academic Dishonesty: Collaboration on examinations and assignments is forbidden except when specifically authorized. Students violating this policy may be removed from the class roster and given an F http://admissions.tamu.edu/Registrar/General/Calendar.aspx Final Examination Schedule
http://admissions.tamu.edu/Registrar/General/FinalSchedule.aspx 6. Grading System: The regular university grading scale will be used. Weights will be assigned as follows:
Activity Details % of Grade Hw One Per Week 5 Surprise Quizzes (2 to 3 minutes max) Technical Material Quiz (10-12 total) 5 Labs - Team Work 30% Lab Quizzes (9 total) 25 70% Lab Reports (9 reports) Exam# 1 10 Exam #2 15 Exam #3 20 Final Exam Comprehensive 20 Total 100
ADA Policy Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement) The following ADA Policy Statement (part of the Policy on Individual Disabling Conditions) was submitted to the UCC by the Department of Student Life. The policy Statement was forwarded to the Faculty Senate for information. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal antidiscrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe that you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Services for Students with Disabilities in Room 126 of the Koldus Building, or call 845-1637.
Coursework Copyright Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement) The handouts used in this course are copyrighted. By "handouts," this means all materials generated for this class, which include but are not limited to syllabi, quizzes, exams, lab problems, in-class materials, review sheets, and additional problem sets. Because these materials are copyrighted, you do not have the right to copy them, unless you are expressly granted permission. As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off as one’s own the ideas, words, writing, etc., that belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you should have the permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which research cannot be safely communicated. If you have any questions about plagiarism and/or copying, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules, under the section “Scholastic Dishonesty”.
Instructional Objectives Topics Covered:
1. Introduction, Organic Chemistry: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalyphatic Aromatics, Non- Hydrocarbon components.
2. Properties of Pure Substances. Two, Three, and Multi-component Mixtures. Phase Diagrams. 3. Virtual Lab- Orientation, Safety, Determination of Vapor Pressure. 4. Classification and Identification of Reservoirs by Fluid Type. 5. Ideal and Real Gases. 6. Reservoir Engineering Properties of Gases: Gas Formation Volume Factor. Viscosity (Bg & μg ). Wet Gas
Gravity and Isothermal Compressibility. 7. Definition and Evaluation of Black Oil Properties from Field Data. 8. Reservoir Fluid Study: Report, lab procedure, and determination of fluid properties from reservoir fluid
studies. 9. Field Trip Commercial Fluid Laboratory. 10. Evaluation of Black Oil Properties from Correlations: Bubble point pressure, solution gas oil ratio (pb & Rs),
oil density (ρo), compressibility, viscosity (co & μo), and formation and volume factor (Bo). 11. Virtual Lab- Evaluation of gas z-factor and Analysis of Leaks. Bubble Point of Live Oil Sample and Phase
Envelopes. 12. Surface Separation Calculations and Equilibrium Ratio Correlations. 13. Evaluation of oilfield brine properties: Salinity, Bubble Point, formation volume factor, density and solution
gas water ratio (Bw, ρw, Rsw). Water isothermal compressibility, viscosity (cw, μw). 14. Lab- Determination of Viscosity and Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples. 15. Conditions for Hydrate Formation and Hydrate Inhibition Procedures. 16. Cubic Equations of State: Solution of Cubic Equations. Calculations with Equations of State. 17. Virtual Lab- Differential Vaporization and Separator Tests of Live Oil Sample. 18. Hydrate formation and inhibition techniques.
Contributions to Professional Component: Math and Science None Petroleum Engineering This course provides students with a fundamental background on the determination
and evaluation of fluid properties. It also provides mathematical tools for the analysis and interpretation of data.
General Education None
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Course Learning Outcomes and Relationship to Program Outcomes:
Course Learning Outcome: At the end of the course, students will be able to… Program
Outcomes Describe how physical properties of hydrocarbon components are affected by molecular structure, size, pressure, and temperature. Explain the physical meaning and evaluate the impact of fluid properties in reservoir engineering and production problems. 11 Compute formation volume factors, viscosities, solution gas-oil ratio, densities of oil, water and gas, Z-factor (single and two-phase), and interfacial tensions. 1 Calculate gas, oil, and oilfield brine properties (z-factor, density, viscosities) using various correlations with different independent variables: gas or oil composition, API gravity, gas gravity, salinity, bubblepoint pressure, and temperature. 5
Calculate the specific gravity of a wet gas mixture by recombination using production data and: all surface compositions, or separator composition, or properties of the separator gas. 5 Describe the laboratory procedures required for a Reservoir Fluid Study and calculate reservoir fluid properties (formation volume factors, solution gas oil ratios) from the PVT data obtained from a virtual PVT lab simulation. 1,3,5 Determine and analyze values of oil and gas formation volume factors, saturation pressures, compressibilities, and solution gas oil ratios, given raw PVT data from a reservoir fluid study and pressure-production field production history of oil and gas. 5 Design optimal separator conditions from a simulated virtual PVT laboratory test by maximizing the API gravity of the oil. 2,3,5 Determine and analyze the dependence of oil viscosity with temperature and oil gravity, by conducting laboratory experiments. 2 Determine and analyze the dependence of interfacial tension with temperature and type of mixtures: oil, water and surfactant solution; by conducting laboratory experiments. 2 Calculate phase boundaries (bubble point or dew points), and two-phase phase equilibrium separations given overall mixture composition, pressure (or temperature), and equilibrium ratios (k-values) from: ideal solution models, from correlations or from table lookup. 1,5 Evaluate and Design a hydrate inhibition scheme using the virtual PVT lab by assessing the economic a technical impact of inhibitors and inhibitor concentrations upon the temperatures and pressures at which hydrate formation occurs. 2,11
Related Program Outcomes:
No. PETE graduates must have… 1 An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. 2 An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. 3 An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic
constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability.
5 An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. 11 An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice Prepared by: Maria Barrufet, August, 21, 2012
