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SEMESTER 1, 2014/15

PET 226/4

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR FOR

TESOL

Lecture 5

Phrases

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Phrases are named according to their functions:

Adjective phrases

Adverb phrases

Verb phrases

Noun phrases

Prepositional phrases

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Adjective phrases

Consider the following pairs of sentences:

The minister was a very famousperson.

The minister was a person of great fame.

The prince was wearing a goldencrown.

The prince was wearing a crown made of gold. The soldiers came upon a desertedvillage.

The soldiers came upon a village without anyinhabitants.

Ajungletrack stretched before them.A track through the junglestretched beforethem.

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Underline the adjective phrases in the sentences

below.

1. The girl is of considerable influence over thepeople in the village.

2. The flag of Malaysia flew proudly at the top of

the mountain.3. A stranger with bags of cash approached the

counter.

4. We will accept the advice of the experts.

5. He fell into the sea of swelling waves.6. In the centre of the hall stood a table with a

beautiful marble top.

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Adverb phrases (how, when, where)

Consider the following pairs of sentences: Ali departed hurriedly.

Ali departed in great hurry.

The boy shouted angrily at the crowd.

The boy shouted in an angry manner at thecrowd.

The soldiers are approaching now.

The soldiers are approaching at this moment. Animal footprints were found everywhere.

Animal footprints were found all over the place.

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Underline the adverb phrases in the sentences

below.

1. The mad man stood in the middle of the road.

2. There could be life on the small planet.

3. Something was floating on the sea.

4. To the left of the mansion stood an old church.5. The workers were asked to get profits at allcosts.

6. He was warned against building his factorynext to the river.

7. In a tearful voice she pleaded with her captors.

8. The kids ran shouting and waving towards thesea.

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Verb phrases

1. Wealthy ladies gossip at very expensive hair saloons.

2. The children asked him many questions.

3. After a long days work he stayed at home all night.

4. The beggars searched for food in the rubbish dump.

5. The moon went out of sight behind the clouds.6. She entered the brightly decorated room.

7. The boy found a diamond ring in the bush.

8. We all believed the story with a mysterious ending.

Draw constituent structures for the sentences above.

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Noun phrases

Consider the following pairs of sentences:

The leader needs helpers.

The leader needs people to help him.

He dislikes punishment.

He dislikes to punish his students. You surprise me.

Your sudden appearance surprises me.

Cheating is disgraceful.To cheat in an examination is disgraceful.

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State whether the underlined phrases are adjective

or adverb phrases.

Have you heard of the hermit in the cave? They live on an island.

Is this the bus to Lumut?

He tried to persuade her in a gentle manner.

They succeeded in the end. They came to see the diamond of great value.

They came in big numbers to see the queen.

They fought all day long.

They fought with all their might.

They fought in the thick jungle.

Children like books with happy endings.

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SEMESTER 1, 2014/15

PET 226/4

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

FOR TESOL

Lecture 6

Clauses

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A clause contains both a subject and verb.

Two primary types of clauses:

An independent clause expresses a completethought; it can stand by itself.

A dependent clause / a subordinate clause,expresses only part of a thought; it cannotstand alone.

http://www.orl.devry.edu/tutoring/Phrase,%20Clause%20Sentence.html

http://www.orl.devry.edu/tutoring/Phrase,%20Clause%20Sentence.htmlhttp://www.orl.devry.edu/tutoring/Phrase,%20Clause%20Sentence.html

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He was sad because he lost his bicycle.

Independent Dependent

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Underline the clauses in the sentences below.

1. I am sure that he is in the right.2. The child was up before the clock struck five.

3. As they approached the gate they heard a loud crash.

4. She was met by the officers when she arrived.

5. The lady cried when she told us her sad tale.6. We are not sure that he will attend the meeting.

7. Please call me if you cannot come.

8. The guard described how the prisoners escaped.

9. As I drove past the check-point I saw a number offierce-looking dogs.

10.Your uncle, who works as a jockey, is here.

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Underline the phrases in the sentences below and

change them into clauses.

1. He succeeded through hard work.2. A man with a high post is very busy.

3. The path leading out of the jungle was cleverlyconcealed.

4. The police found the lost child.5. We cannot reveal his hiding place.

6. We were shocked to hear of his accident.

7. The lady bought an umbrella with a floral design.

8. The boy unpacked the clothes in the box.9. The youngsters living next door are very noisy.

10. My father scolded me for my carelessness.