Persuasion in Our HistoryPersuasion in Our History

Nation Nearly Founded on Nation Nearly Founded on ArgumentArgument

How to respond to the Muslim How to respond to the Muslim halt to overland trade 1340halt to overland trade 1340The African routeArgument about the location of Asia

Persuasion in Our HistoryPersuasion in Our HistoryColumbus’ argument from egoColumbus’ argument from ego

““admiral of the ocean sea”admiral of the ocean sea”Viceroy of all claimed lands10% of all revenues

Mercatur 1569Mercatur 1569

DevelopmentDevelopment

The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims

The Purchase of ManhattanThe Purchase of Manhattan

Declaration DraftDeclaration Draft

State of the Union AddressState of the Union Address

Public Opinion Before the Public Opinion Before the SpeechSpeech%%

ApprovApprovee

% % DisapprovDisapprov

ee

% % DemocraDemocra

tsts

AllAll 5050 4545 3434DemocratDemocrat

ss1414 8383

RepublicanRepublicanss

8787 1111IndependentIndependent

ss 4848 4343

MenMen 5555 4040 2828

WomeWomenn

4444 4949 3939

Public Opinion Before the Public Opinion Before the SpeechSpeech%%

ApprovApprovee

% % DisapprovDisapprov

ee

% % DemocraDemocra

tsts

WhitesWhites 5555 4040 2929Non-Non-

whiteswhites3030 6464 5252

African African AmericansAmericans 1717 7878 6767

RuralRural 6060 3232 2626

Big Big CityCity

4242 5353 4141

SuburbSuburb 4747 5050 3636

The State of the UnionThe State of the Union

Extrinsic AnalysisExtrinsic Analysis

Who were the audiences?Who were the audiences?

Republican Office HoldersRepublican Office Holders

Democratic Office HoldersDemocratic Office Holders

The Social ConservativesThe Social Conservatives

General AmericaGeneral America

AnalysisAnalysis

InventionInvention

EthosEthos

LogosLogos

PathosPathos

AnalysisAnalysis

InventionInvention

EthosEthos

LogosLogos

PathosPathos ArrangementArrangement StyleStyle DeliveryDelivery

The Effect?The Effect?

MSNBC call in poll (n>40,000)MSNBC call in poll (n>40,000)

More Optimistic Less More Optimistic Less optimisticoptimisticthe War in Iraq 39% 61%the War in Iraq 39% 61%the War on Terror 38% 62%the War on Terror 38% 62%Social Security 36% 64%Social Security 36% 64%the economy 37% 63% the economy 37% 63% next four years 37%next four years 37% 63% 63%

The Effect?The Effect?CNN poll (n=485 ; 52% Republicans, 25% Democrats)CNN poll (n=485 ; 52% Republicans, 25% Democrats) What was your overall reaction to Bush's speech tonight ?What was your overall reaction to Bush's speech tonight ?

very positive very positive 60%60% somewhat positive somewhat positive 26%26% somewhat negative somewhat negative 10%10% very negative very negative 3%3% both positive and negative both positive and negative 1%1%

Do you think the policies being proposed by George W. Bush will move the Do you think the policies being proposed by George W. Bush will move the country in the right direction or the wrong direction?country in the right direction or the wrong direction?

Before Speech After SpeechBefore Speech After Speech right direction right direction 67% 77%67% 77% wrong direction wrong direction 29% 20%29% 20% no opinion no opinion 4% 3% 4% 3%

Issues Issues Importance for Next Year Agreement with Bush Importance for Next Year Agreement with Bush ApproachApproach Before Speech After Speech Before Speech After Before Speech After Speech Before Speech After Speech Speech the economy 14% 13% 64% 71% the economy 14% 13% 64% 71% health care 11% 10% 55% 70%health care 11% 10% 55% 70% social security 11% 19% 51% 66% social security 11% 19% 51% 66% taxes 4% 2% taxes 4% 2% terrorism 23% 23% terrorism 23% 23% Iraq 35% 30% 66% 78% Iraq 35% 30% 66% 78%