Perspectives of Personality

psychology

PsychoanalyticFreud• Focused on:

- Unconscious– Childhood experiences– Internal forces (id, ego, superego)

• Psychosexual stages (OAPLG)– Oedipus & Electra complex

• Dreams are royal road to unconscious• Defense mechanisms to deal w/ anxiety• Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT &

Rorchach, dream analysis

Psychoanalytic

• Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT & Rorchach, dream analysis

Neo- Freudian1. Alfred Adler ( need to conquer feelings of inferiority

- inferiority complex)2. Karen Horney (believed Freud’s theory was sexist)3. Carl Jung (collective unconscious)• All believed in Freud’s basic ideas,• BUT emphasized more of our conscious

experiences and environment• Doubted sex & aggression consumed our

motivation

HumanisticEmphasis on human potential, positive view of humans

• Abraham Maslow (self-actualization)

• Carl Rogers (focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals)

• Genuine, Acceptance, Empathy

• Person/client centered

• Unconditional Positive Regard

• Self-Concept• our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an

answer to the question, “Who am I?”

Social - cognitive/learningviews behavior as influenced by the interaction

between personality and their environment• Albert Bandura• Reciprocal Determinism - the interacting influences

between personality and environmental factors• Personal Control - sense of control over environment

– External vs. Internal Locus of Control – Learned Helplessness

• Positive Psychology - M. Seligman scientific study of optimal human functioning

Traita characteristic pattern of behavior• assessed by self-report inventories and peer

reports• Factor analysis ( identify dimensions of

personality)• Gordon Allport (traits)• William Sheldon (body shape)• Hans and Sybil Eysenck (axes of characteristics)• The “Big Five” Personality FactorsTools:

MMPI (most widely used personality test) & Myers- Briggs - personality test