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Perspectives in Psychology
The Psychodynamic Approach
Recap on Last week
• Looked at:
• Freud and his life
• Introduction to the personality
• Talking therapy
Outcomes
• Define psychodynamic approach
• Explain the personality and how it controls human behaviour
• Relate approach to examples
• Begin to analyse the approach in terms of reliability and validity
NURD
• Nature or nurture
• Usefulness
• Reductionist
• Determinist
Ideas from the Psychodynamic approach Association
•Respond to a word with the first thing that comes into your mind
•Freud believed that by exploring the links that our mind makes without us consciously aware of them, we can obtain glimpses of the contents of the unconscious
Starter slip
Psychodynamic Psychology
• How well do we know ourselves?– The unconscious mind
• How do our parents shape us?– Developmental influences
• What do our dreams mean?– Symbolism in behaviour & experience
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
Freud
• Born Austria- 1856, died in London 1939
• pathological medicine and neurology
• Hysteria- that physical symptoms could be induced just by the mind
• Hypnotising patients and talking to them neutralised these ideas
• free association and talking therapy
Talking therapy
• Instead of the doctor talking and patient listening
• Now it’s the patient talking and the doctor listening
• This theory orginates from the study of Anna -O
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O51hnk77UVo
Basis of research
• Noticed a high rate of sexual abuse in his patients
• Concluded most psychological problems arose out of childhood sexual abuse and trauma- the seduction theory
• But because the stories came up so much-= Freud decided they were not true!
• phantasies of the mind- representing wishes of the mind- led to his major theories
What is good about this theory
• He was modern for his times
• Acknowledged the role of childhood events having an impact on the mind
• Ideas of unconscious motives
Psychodynamics
• The ‘dynamics’ or forces that drive us
• He challenged the bio psychological approach- mental illness was actually psychological not biological
Assumption 1
• Human behaviour is influenced by three parts of the mind
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlzkN9VvhqI
Core of the personality
• Dwells in the unconscious part • So our personality consists of these three
areas which creates complex human behaviours
• Ego strength- ability to effectively manage the anxiety created between these forces!
• Develops through interaction of our innate drives-(may be born with strong Id, ego or superego) and life experience
The Psyche (Personality)
Id:
Instincts
Superego:
Morality
Ego:
Reality
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
Healthy Psyche
Id Superego
Ego
OK Guys – I’m in charge. Anything you want has to go
through me.
OK.OK.
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
Anti social behaviour – overpowering ID develops a lack of regard for others
I want to play music all night really loud AND‘egg’ peoples’ houses
because its FUN!
Yeah why not! Hello!!! Anyone there??Don’t you care about
how others feel?
Neurotic
Id
Superego
Ego
Listen up! I’m in charge, and you are not here to enjoy yourselves. Get ready for a double-size portion of anxiety with a side
order of guilt!
No fun.
>whimper<
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
Psychotic
Id
SuperegoEgo
Sex! Food! Drink! Drugs! NOW!
Who turned out the lights?
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
PsychopathicOK. First, gimme food. Then I want sex –
lots of it and I don’t particularly care whether it’s with a willing partner. Then I want to hurt people. Badly. Probably be
hungry again after that so…
OK then. Let’s go.
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
Activity and worksheet
• Have a go at the following activity
• On the back of the sheet- explain using the three parts, what stopped you carrying out your behaviour from the starter slip exercise
Assumption 2
• Behaviour is influenced by different levels of consciousness and ego defences
•
The UnconsciousThe conscious. The small amount of mental activity we know about.
The preconscious. Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried.
The unconscious. Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of.
ThoughtsPerceptions
MemoriesStored knowledge
FearsUnacceptable sexual desiresViolent motivesIrrational wishesImmoral urgesSelfish needsShameful experiencesTraumatic experiences
Bad
Worse
Really Bad
www.
psyc
hlot
ron.
org.
uk
The unconscious mind
• Relates to pleasure seeking and removing anxiety
• Cannot be accessed directly- but through our behaviour and dreams
• Relates to our ego defence mechanisms
• Conflicts lead to anxiety
• Ego protects itself through defences
• If over used can be the cause of disturbed behaviour!
•
Anxiety = conflictAngel and devil are
stressing me!What can I do to remove
this feeling?
DisplacementRationalisationReaction formationRegressionRepressionDenial
So your behaviour, which others see will be directed by your defences!!!
Displacement
Repression
Mini group Activity
• Come up with your own examples to match the defences
Check learning
• Refer back to outcomes of lesson