Personality in Psychology

8/14/2019 Personality in Psychology

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PERSONALITY

MEMBERS:1. Mian Nabeel Sarmad2. Tayyabah Naeem

3. Bilal Tahir4. Atif Iqbal5. Qaisar Ather Khan6. Aitzaz Ahsan7. Mohammad Zubair8. Khawaja Naveed Haider

University Of Management and Technology [www.umt.edu.pk]


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Formal Definition of

is the supremerealization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a

living being. It is an act of high courageflung in the face of life, the absoluteaffirmation of all that constitutes theindividual, the most successful

adaptation to the universal condition ofexistence coupled with the greatestpossible freedom for self-determination.

Personalit

y

Personalit

y


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What is personality

? Derived from Greek word It means MASK


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Characteristics

Patterns of thoughts

Feelings

Behaviors

It makes person unique

Personality in Psychologyperspective


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Characteristics of Personality

Personality is organized and consistent.

Personality is psychological, but is influencedby biological needs and processes.

Personality causes behaviors to happen. Personality is displayed through thoughts,

feelings, behaviors and many other ways.


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The Study of Personality

Experimental methods

Case studies and self-report methods

Clinical research


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Theories of Personality

Type theories are the early perspectiveson personality. These theories suggestedthat there are a limited number of"personality types" which are related to

biological influences.

Trait theories viewed personality as theresult of internal characteristics that aregenetically based.

Psychodynamic theories of personality areheavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud,and emphasize the influence of the unconscious onpersonality. Psychodynamic theories includeSigmund Freuds psychosexual stage theory andErik Eriksons stages of psychosocial development.

Behavioral theoriessuggest that

personality is a result of interaction betweenthe individual and the environment.Behavioral theorists study observable and

measurable behaviors, rejecting theoriesthat take internal thoughts and feelings intoaccount.

Humanist theories emphasize the importance offree will and individual experience in thedevelopment of personality. Humanist theoristsinclude Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.


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THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

ABRAHAM MASLOW

1. ASSUMPTIONSABOUT HUMANNATURE


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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS


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SELF ACTUALIZERS

What is self actualizer?

Characteristics of self actualizers

1. Realistically oriented

2. Acceptance

3. Spontaneity

4. Problem centered

5. Autonomous

6. Relationships

7. Democratic Nature

8. Sense of Humor

9. Creativeness


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Theory Of Carl Roger

Whos Carl Roger?

Clinical work at the

Rochester Society

Theory Of CarlRoger


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Rogers believed in several key conceptsthat he believed must be present inorder for healthy change to take place.

Therere four key concepts given by CarlRoger in his personality theory.

1. Unconditional Positive Regard

2. Non-Judgmental Attitude

3. Disclosure

4. Reflection

Theory Of Carl Roger


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Theory Of Kurt Goldstein

Who was KurtGoldstein?

1. Germanneurologist andpsychiatrist

2. Holistic theory of

the organism


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The Structure of the Organism

Any change in one locality of the organism is accompaniedby change in other localities that effect the disturbance ofone particular organic process has on the organism as awhole.

Example:1. Relation of figure and ground.

Organism Change?? Adding a new activity in current activity makes a new

pattern of the organism.

Three Kinds Of Behavior:

1. Performances i.e. Voluntary, Consciously experienceactivities.

2. Attitudes i.e. Feelings, Moods and other inner experiences.3. Processes i.e. Bodily functions that can be experienced

indirectly.


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SIGMUD FREUDS VIEW OF

PERSONALITY


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ID


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EGO


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SUPEREGO


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Personality Disorders [ LIST ]

Narcissistic PersonalityDisorder

Obsessive-CompulsivePersonality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality

Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder

Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality

Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder


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What are Personality Disorders?

Enduring pattern of innerexperience and behaviorthat deviates clearly fromthe expectation of the

individual's culture, ispervasive and inflexible, hasan onset in adolescence orearly adulthood, is stableover time, and leads to

distress or impairment. These disorders are chronicand pervasive, they can leadto serious impairments indaily life and functioning.


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What Causes PersonalityDisorders?

Some experts believe that personality

disorders are caused by early experiences

that prevented the development of normal

thought and behavior patterns.

Other researchers believe that biological or

genetic influences are the root cause ofpersonality disorders.


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How are Personality Disorders

Diagnosed? These patterns of behavior must be

chronic and pervasive, affecting manydifferent aspects of the individuals life,including social functioning, work,school, and close relationships.

The individual must exhibitsymptoms that affect two or more ofthe following areas:

Thoughts, Emotions, InterpersonalFunctioning, and Impulse control.

The pattern of behaviors must be stableacross time and have an onset that canbe traced back to adolescence or earlyadulthood.

These behaviors cannot be explained by

any other mental disorders, substanceabuse, or medical condition.


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Paranoid Personality Disorder?

People with PPD:

1. Feel constant suspicion anddistrust toward other people

2. Others are against them3. Hostile toward others4. React angrily to perceived

insults


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Narcissistic Personality

Disorder?

People with NPD:

A constant need for attention,affirmation, and praise.

Persistent fantasies aboutattaining success and power.

Exploiting other people forpersonal gain.

Have sense of entitlement and

expectation of special treatment. Lack of empathy for others.


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Obsessive-Compulsive

Personality Disorder?

People With OCPD:

Rigid behaviors, resistance tochange, and inflexibility

Often described as dependable,rigid, stern, and stubborn

Feelings of helplessness inuncontrollable situations


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Schizoid Personality Disorder

People With SPD:

Detachment from other people

Little or no desire to form closerelationships with others

Rarely participates in activities forfun or pleasure

Often described as cold,uninterested, withdrawn, and aloof


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Schizotypal Personality Disorder

People With SPD:

Magical thinking including sayingthey can read minds or can foretellthe futureMajor difficulties in formingrelationshipsSevere social anxiety that does notdiminish with time or familiarity

May talk to themselves, ignoreothers, or react inappropriatelySome research suggests thisdisorder is a less severe form ofschizophrenia


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Antisocial Personality Disorder

Forget about the feelings and rightsof other people

Lie repeatedly, act impulsively Neglect or abuse their children

Exploit their employees

They may even kill other people


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Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social withdrawal dueto intense

They fear beingcriticized and rejected

They view themselvesas inferior to others.


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Dependent Personality Disorder

Difficulty makingdecisions

Seek out anotherrelationship when a

close relationship ends They feel

uncomfortable bythemselves


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Histrionic Personality Disorder

Strive to be the centerof attention

They may also talk in

a dramatic ortheatrical style anddisplay exaggeratedemotional reactions


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Documents

Personality in Psychology