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Personal Story – The Clinical Scientist
Dr P. Lewis WhitePHW Microbiology Cardiff
Professional Summary
Degree
•BSc Biochemistry (Cardiff University 1995)
PhD
•PhD Microbiology (Imperial University 1999)
Post-
doctorial
•Food Microbiology (IU and IFR 2000)
Clinical Scientis
t
•Mycology (PHW 2000)
Principa
l Clinical
Scientist
•Mycology, WCM, Molecular Biology (PHW 2007)
Education
• Biochemistry BSc 2.1 (Cardiff 1992-1995)– Clearing– Medicine
• Broad Scientific basis– Microbiology
• PhD (1995-1999)– Initially Cardiff, – Supervisor offered Chair in Imperial at Wye– Broadened horizons
PhD• The effects of Environmental warming on
Antarctic soil microbial communities– Environmental Microbiology– Classical microbiology techniques
• Limited success – Lipidology– Molecular biology
• Limited biomass• Difficult sample type
• Enhancing the process of warming• Obtaining samples?
Travel to Antarctica
The Gallery
US Airlines!
Business Class!
The Gallery
Home, Sweet, Home!
Taxi!
The Gallery
Some Scenery!
PhD gains• Technical skills
• Knowledge base– General scientific plus highly specific
• Adaptability – Responding to unexpected results– Working in unusual situations/under different pressures
• Standing on your own two feet– Interpretation of results– Decision making – Project planning
• Difficulty in obtaining grants
2000 - Clinical Scientist in Mycology
• PHLS – Cardiff– CV: No Mention of Fungi– Molecular skills were directly applicable to the
post
• Develop non-culture diagnostics to improve the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease
Career development
• 2002 Lead Role in the Molecular Diagnostic Unit– Virology– Bacteriology– Mycology
• 2004 Scientific lead for the WCM– TB? – Incorporation of molecular techniques for
diagnosis and typing
Clinical scientists
• Develops, evaluates and trouble-shoots – specialist tests for diagnosing, preventing and managing
disease.
• Respond to emerging and emergency situations• Clinical liaison
– Understanding of disease in a clinical context– Understanding the test in a clinical context– Advise doctors on tests and interpreting data
• Perform research– understand diseases– Improve diagnosis– Improve patient management
Evolving
practice
New tools
AcademiaIndustry
Evolving practice
Local, national,
Global policy
Service Improvement, Clinical utility
Design, optimization,
Analytical validity
Clinical validity
Clinical Trials
UK standards published
Appointment 2000
Technical Evaluation Published
Development of Aspergillus PCR
Development of Candida PCR
Clinical Evaluations commenced 2001/2
Initiation of UK standardisation of Fungal
PCR 2003
2005 Candida Clinical
Evaluation Published Incorporation into
patient care pathways
2006 Aspergillus Clinical Evaluation Published
European standardisation
Preliminary evaluation published
2008
European recommendations published 2010/11
Full audit of care pathway published
2013 Research on going
Revision of international guidelines for diagnosis of IFD 2014/15
Clinical demand:Diagnosis of IFD Poor, Mortality rate >40%
High use of AFT at great expense and toxicity
R&D: Assay Design, optimization, analytical validity
Clinical utility: Do results benefit patient and hospital policy: Early diagnosis to minimize mortality and can negative results prevent
unnecessary treatment
Clinical validity: Testing samples with no impact on patient management. Do the assays
detect cases and/or exclude disease?
National R&D to standardize methods
International R&D to standardize methods
Patient management beneficially altered: Cases diagnosed, also IFD excluded, AFT
budgets reduced. Local policy altered
International recommendations provided
International policy under-review
Skills, interests and qualities
• Good knowledge of sciences specific to the field
• Interest in medicine and patient care
• High levels of accuracy and attention to detail
• Ability to concentrate for long periods
• Confidence to take responsibility for decisions
• Enquiring mind and good problem solving skills
• Excellent communication skill
• Teamwork and leadership skills
• Willingness to keep up to date with the latest scientific and medical research.
Modalities• Audiology• Clinical Biochemistry• Clinical Genetics• Clinical Immunology• Clinical Microbiology• Clinical Physiology• Embryology• Haematology• Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics• Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering
Salaries
NHS Annual Pay (£) Cardiff University Annual Pay (£)
Point 21 25,783 21 23352
Point 22 26,822 22 24049
Point 23 27,901 23 24766
Point 24 28,755 24 25504
Point 25 29,759 25 26264
Point 26 30,764 26 27047
Point 27 31,768 27 27854
Point 28 32,898 28 28685
Point 29 34,530 29 29541
Point 30 35,536 30 30424
Point 31 36,666 31 31331
Point 32 37,921 32 32267
Point 33 39,239 33 33230
Point 34 40,558 34 34223
Point 35 42,190 35 35244
Point 36 43,822 36 36298
Point 37 45,707 37 37382
Point 38 47,088 38 38522
Point 39 49,473 39 39649
Point 40 52,235 40 40834
Point 41 54,998 41 42055
Point 42 56,504 42 43312
Point 43 59,016 43 44607
Point 44 61,779 44 45941
Point 45 65,922 45 47314
Point 46 67,805 46 48729
Point 47 70,631 47 50186
Point 48 74,084 48 51687
Point 49 77,850 49 53233
Point 50 81,618 50 54826
Point 51 85,535 51 56467
Point 52 89,640
Point 53 93,944
Point 54 98,453
Lecturer Start point
Senior Lecturer Start point
State registration
• Protected title: Clinical Scientist
• State registration with HCPC– Searchable register– Attain– Maintain
• Regulated by professional bodies– Association of Clinical Scientists (ACS)
• Number of registrants: 4,988 (10/06/14)
Attaining HCPC Registration
• 1st March 2014
• 1. The ACS Certificate of Attainment– completed a pre-MSC approved training programme– Portfolio - six years relevant experience, three of which must have been
in a clinical scientist role)
• 2. The AHCS Certificate of Attainment, awarded to applicants who have completed an approved course from the Scientist Training Programme of Modernising Scientific Careers. These combine an MSc and approved work-based training.
• 3. The AHCS Certificate of Equivalence, awarded to applicants who can demonstrate skills and knowledge equivalent to those who have completed an approved STP course.
Maintaining registration
• Record of continued professional development– Academic– Clinical– Professional
• Maintain professional standards
• Continue working in the field– Maintain satisfactory levels of performance– Advance field as required
Future Progression – Consultant Clinical Scientist
• Managerial role
• Clinical role– Fellowship Examination of the Royal
College of Pathologists (FRCPath)
Something different?
Pros and Cons• Combined academic and clinical role
– R&D, Clinical trials, Publications, Conferences– Without the Academic pressures
• No requirement to publish• No requirement to attain grants• No requirement to teach
– Involvement with patient care – With only occasional routine diagnostic requirements
• Variable commitment• Responding to emerging/emergency situations
– Working within the NHS• Long term/Permanent position• Good salary/Pension• Slow turning juggernaut
Points to consider for career progression
• Be adaptable– Use to difficult situations to your benefit
• Use your skills/knowledge– PhD: Specific skills– Transferable Skills applicable to many fields
• These will underpin many of your specific skills
– Embrace new technologies
• Broad experience
• Good collaborators