PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW · DRAFT 1. Emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 1.3 (5/10) - Fuel Oil Combustion. 2. NO X emissions from biodiesel was increased

DRAFT

Covered Source Permit (CSP) No. 0380-03-C Review Application for Renewal and Significant Modification No. 0380-06

APPLICANT / FACILITY: Maui Paving, LLC

MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 78 Honolulu, Hawaii 96810

CURRENT LOCATION: 10 Manawainui Bridge, Maunaloa Highway, Hoolehua, Molokai 96729

RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL / POINT OF CONTACT:

Boyd Nobriga Director, AC Plant Operations, Grace Pacific, LLC (808) 674-8383 Email: [email protected]

OWNER / OWNER’S AGENT: Jerrod Schreck President, Grace Pacific, LLC (808) 674-8383 Jodie Cordero Environmental Compliance Manager, Grace Pacific, LLC (808) 674-8383 Email: [email protected]

OTHER CONTACT (PLANT SITE MANAGER):

Robert Luuwai Project Manager, Grace Pacific, LLC (808) 674-8383

SIC CODE: 2951 (Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks)

BACKGROUND: Maui Paving, LLC (Maui Paving) is a joint venture between Grace Pacific, LLC (Grace Pacific) and Goodfellow Brothers, Inc. Grace Pacific prepared an application for permit renewal and significant modification, on behalf of Maui Paving. The 174 TPH hot mix asphalt plant is located on the island of Molokai. The facility was previously permitted as a temporary covered source in anticipation of the plant moving locations; however, Maui Paving does not anticipate moving the plant for several years and is requesting to remove its temporary status. Additionally, Maui Paving is proposing the following modifications:

1. Use of new emission factors to calculate emissions from wind erosion of storage piles. The proposed emission factors were taken from guidance published by the California South Coast Air Quality Management District and, according to Grace Pacific, are simpler to calculate and more conservative than the current particulate matter emission calculations from wind erosion of storage piles.

DRAFT

2. Revision of the operational limit of the drum mixer from an hourly annual limit to a production rate limit. Currently, the operational limit is 3,000 hours per rolling twelve (12) month period; however, Maui Paving requests to change it to 522,000 tons HMA per rolling twelve (12) month period.

3. Addition of specification (spec) used oil as an alternative fuel for the drum mixer burner. Spec used oil potentially increases HAP emissions of acetaldehyde by 680 pounds per year, which is considered a significant modification since it exceeds the minor modification threshold of 500 pounds per year of a single HAP. The projected increase does not affect the facility’s status as a minor, non-toxic source.

Process Raw aggregate is fed from aggregate bins via conveyor belts into a rotary dryer and mixed with the liquid asphalt cement. The mixture is then discharged into a self-erecting bin via a drag slat conveyor. Emissions from the rotary dryer are controlled using a baghouse. Fine particulate matter captured in the baghouse is returned back into the mix. A small heater and hot oil distribution system are used to keep the asphalt cement tanks and piping, as well as the drag conveyor, heated to approximately 300°F. The facility is powered by a 610 HP (455 kW) diesel engine generator. This review is based on the application received on October 26, 2018 and subsequent follow up emails from Mr. Scott Sevadjian of Grace Pacific on December 12, 2019 and Ms. Jodie Cordero of Grace Pacific on February 21, 2020. An application fee of $500.00 for a permit renewal of a covered source, was submitted and processed. EQUIPMENT:

1. One (1) 174 TPH Astec drum mixer/dryer, Model No. PDM-630-C, Serial No. 91-129, with 76 MMBtu/hr Hauck Starjet burner, Model No. SJ-360;

2. One (1) Astec baghouse (pulse jet), Model No. 95-153-437, Serial No. 95-153-437, servicing the drum mixer/dryer;

3. One (1) 455 kW / 610 HP Caterpillar diesel engine generator, Model No. C15, engine Serial No. T4A00718;

4. One (1) 60-ton self-erecting hot mix asphalt silo; 5. Knock-out box; 6. Cold feed system (4-compartment); and 7. Various conveyors.

APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS: Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR)

Title 11 Chapter 59, Ambient Air Quality Standards Title 11 Chapter 60.1, Air Pollution Control

Subchapter 1, General Requirements Subchapter 2, General Prohibitions

11-60.1-31, Applicability 11-60.1-32, Visible Emissions 11-60.1-33, Fugitive Dust 11-60.1-38, Sulfur Oxides from Fuel Combustion

Subchapter 5, Covered Sources

DRAFT

Subchapter 6, Fees for Covered Sources, Noncovered Sources, and Agricultural Burning

11-60.1-111, Definitions 11-60.1-112, General Fee Provisions for Covered Sources 11-60.1-113, Application Fees for Covered Sources 11-60.1-114, Annual Fees for Covered Sources 11-60.1-115, Basis of Annual Fees for Covered Sources

Subchapter 8, Standards of Performance for Stationary Sources 11-60.1-161, New Source Performance Standards

Subchapter 9, Hazardous Air Pollutant Sources Subchapter 10, Field Citations New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), 40 CFR Part 60

• Subpart I, Standards of Performance for Hot Mix Asphalt Facilities, is applicable to the drum mix asphalt plant because the facility commenced construction or modification after June 11, 1973.

• Subpart IIII, Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression Ignition (CI) Internal Combustion Engines (ICE), is applicable to the 610 HP diesel engine generator (DEG) because the engine commenced construction after July 11, 2005, and was manufactured after April 1, 2006. For purposes of Subpart IIII, the date that construction commences is the date the engine is ordered. The engine is Tier 4 interim certified.

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories (Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)), 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart ZZZZ, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE), is applicable to the 610 HP DEG because the engine is a new stationary RICE. A stationary RICE located at an area source of HAP emissions is new if you commenced construction of the stationary RICE on or after June 12, 2006. A new stationary RICE located at an area source must meet the requirements of this part by meeting the requirements of 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart IIII. No further requirements apply for such engines under this part. Synthetic Minor Applicability A synthetic minor source is a facility that is potentially major, as defined in HAR §11-60.1-1, but is made non-major through federally enforceable permit conditions. This facility is a synthetic minor source, but is not a synthetic minor-80 (SM-80) source because all the following apply:

• Potential carbon monoxide (CO) emissions exceed the major source thresholds when the facility is operated without limitations for 8,760 hours per year.

• Potential CO emissions are less than 80% of the major source levels when the facility operates within its permit limits.

Clean Air Branch (CAB) Annual Emissions Reporting CAB in-house annual emissions reporting is required for all facilities holding a covered source permit. Therefore, annual emissions reporting is required. NON-APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), 40 CFR Part 61

DRAFT NESHAPS is not applicable since the facility is not a major source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions (> 10 tpy single HAP or > 25 tpy total HAPs) and there are no applicable NESHAPS requirements for this source category. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD), 40 CFR Part 52, Subpart A, §52.21 This source is not subject to PSD requirements because the facility is not a listed source in the definition of “major stationary source” (40 CFR §52.21 and HAR §11-60.1-131) and potential emissions from the facility are less than 250 tons per year, which is the trigger level for a non-listed source. Compliance Assurance Monitoring (CAM), 40 CFR Part 64 The purpose of CAM is to provide a reasonable assurance that compliance is being achieved with large emission units that rely on air pollution control device equipment to meet an emissions limit or standard. This source is not subject to CAM since this facility is not classified as a major source. Air Emissions Reporting Requirements (AERR), 40 CFR Part 51 This source is not subject to AERR since the potential emissions from the facility do not exceed respective AERR threshold levels for type B sources. Best Available Control Technology (BACT) This source is not subject to BACT analysis because there is no increase in emissions above significant levels as defined in HAR §11-60.1-1. BACT analysis is required for new sources and significant modifications to sources that have the potential to emit or increase emissions above significant levels considering any limitations. INSIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES / EXEMPTIONS: No new insignificant activities/exemptions are proposed for this CSP renewal. The insignificant activities/exemptions listed in the CSP Permit Application Review dated December 18, 2013 remain applicable to this review: Hot Oil Heater The 1.3 MMBtu/hr PowerFlame hot oil heater fired on ultra-low sulfur diesel and/or biodiesel with a maximum sulfur content of 0.1% by weight (per email from Jodie Cordero 2/21/2020) is considered an insignificant activity because emissions are below the levels as specified in HAR §11-60.1-82(f)(7).

Hot Oil Heater

Pollutant Emissions (TPY)

[8,760 hr/yr]

CO 0.21

NOX 0.93

SO2 0.60

PM 0.08

PM-10 0.05

PM-2.5 0.04

VOC 0.02

HAPs 0.003

DRAFT 1. Emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 1.3 (5/10) - Fuel Oil Combustion. 2. NOX emissions from biodiesel was increased by 10% over fuel oil no. 2 based on EPA’s report, A

Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, October 2002.

Storage Tanks Various storage tanks with capacities less than 40,000 gallons are considered insignificant activities in accordance with HAR §11-60.1-82(f)(1). ALTERNATIVE OPERATING SCENARIOS: The permittee may replace the diesel engine generator with a temporary replacement unit of similar size with equal or lesser emissions if any repair reasonably warrants the removal of the diesel engine from its site (i.e., equipment failure, engine overhaul, or any major equipment problems requiring maintenance for efficient operation). AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS: The drum mixer/dryer is equipped with a knock-out box and a baghouse to control particulate matter emissions. Water suppression will be used as necessary to control fugitive dust. The diesel engine generator is fired on ultra-low sulfur diesel (for SO2 control) and is Tier 4 interim certified (for NO2 and CO control). PROJECT EMISSIONS: 174 TPH Drum Mixer/Dryer The drum mixer/dryer is fired on fuel oil no. 2, biodiesel, Unitek Ecodiesel, cooking oil and/or spec used oil with a maximum sulfur content of 0.5% by weight. Emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 11.1 (3/04) - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants and Section 1.11 (10/96) – Waste Oil Combustion. According to Table 11.1-7, the emission factors for CO, CO2, and NOx are the same for drum-mix asphalt plant burners fired on waste oil and diesel fuel No. 2. Per previous applications, NOX emissions from burning cooking oil were estimated to be 16% more than fuel oil no. 2.

174 TPH Drum Mixer/Dryer

Pollutant Emissions

(lb/hr) Emissions (TPY)

[522,000 tons HMA/yr] Emissions (TPY)

[8,760 hr/yr]

CO 22.62 33.93 99.08

NOX 11.10 16.65 48.62

SO2 19.96 29.93 87.40

PM 5.74 8.61 25.15

PM10 4.00 6.00 17.53

PM2.5 3.89 5.83 17.03

VOC 5.57 8.35 24.39

HAPs 1.83 2.74 8.01

HMA Silo Filling and Truck Load-Out Operations Emissions for HMA silo filling and truck load-out operations were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 11.1 (3/04) - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants.

DRAFT

HMA Silo Filling Operation



[8,760 hr/yr]

CO 0.31 0.90

PM 0.15 0.45

PM10 0.15 0.45

PM2.5 0.15 0.45

VOC 3.18 9.29

HAPs 0.05 0.14

HMA Truck Load-Out Operation



[8,760 hr/yr]

CO 0.35 1.03

PM 0.14 0.40

PM10 0.14 0.40

PM2.5 0.14 0.40

VOC 1.02 2.98

HAPs 0.02 0.07

610 HP Caterpillar Diesel Engine Generator The diesel engine generator is fired on ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel with a maximum sulfur content of 0.0015% by weight. Emissions were based on manufacturer’s data. NOX emissions from burning biodiesel was increased by 10% over fuel oil no. 2 based on EPA’s report, A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, October 2002. SO2 and HAP emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 3.4 (10/96) – Large Stationary Diesel and All Stationary Dual-fuel Engines.

610 HP Caterpillar Diesel Engine Generator

Pollutant Emissions

(lb/hr) Emissions (TPY)

[8,760 hr/yr]

CO 3.85 16.87

NOX 4.24 18.56

SO2 0.01 0.03

PM 0.11 0.49

PM10 0.11 0.47

PM2.5 0.10 0.44

VOC 0.44 1.93

HAPs 0.008 0.033

Fugitive Emissions Emissions due to aggregate processing, storage piles, and truck travelling on unpaved roads are summarized in the tables below. Aggregate processing emissions include the conveyors. A 70% control efficiency was assumed for water suppression for trucks travelling on unpaved roads. Emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 11.19.2 (8/04) – Crushed Stone Processing and Pulverized Mineral Processing, Section 11.19.1 – Sand and

DRAFT Gravel Processing, Final Report/Background Document (04/95), Table 4-1, and Section 13.2.2 (11/06) – Unpaved Roads.

Aggregate Processing



[8,760 hr/yr]

PM 1.18 3.45

PM10 0.43 1.27

PM2.5 0.18 0.52

Storage Piles



[8,760 hr/yr]

TSP (uncontrolled) 86.13 251.50

TSP (70% control) 25.84 75.45

PM10 13.18 38.48

PM2.5 3.88 11.32

Vehicle Travel on Unpaved Roads



[8,760 hr/yr]

PM 5.19 15.16

PM10 1.27 3.71

PM2.5 0.13 0.37

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Facility greenhouse gas emissions are summarized in the table below.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Equipment Fuel Input

(gal/hr)

Greenhouse Gas (GHG)

Global Warming Potential (GWP)a

Emission Factor

(kg/MMBtu)b

GHG Mass-Based

Emissions (ton/yr)c

CO2e Based

Emissions (ton/yr)

Hot Oil Heater

9.7

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

1 73.96 1,044.20 1,044.20

Methane (CH4) 25 0.003 0.04 1.06

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 298 0.0006 0.01 2.52

Drum Mixer

543.0


1 74.00 20,029.26 20,029.26

Methane (CH4) 25 0.003 0.81 20.30

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 298 0.00 0.16 48.40

DEG 34.8


1 73.96 3,749.44 3,749.44

Methane (CH4) 25 0.003 0.15 3.80

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 298 0.0006 0.03 9.06

24,908.05

DRAFT

a. GWP was taken from Table A-1 to Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 98. b. Emission factor was taken from Tables C-1 and C-2 to Subpart C of 40 CFR Part 98. c. Metric tons converted to US tons by a factor of 1.10231.

Total Emissions Total facility emissions are summarized in the table below and do not include emissions from the insignificant activities since the facility’s synthetic minor status would not be affected by the inclusion of the emissions from the insignificant activities.

Total Facility Emissions and Trigger Levels

Pollutant

Emissions Based on Limitsa, b

(tpy)

Emissions No Permit

Limitsa

(tpy)

Major Source Level (tpy)

BACT Significant

Level (tpy)

AERR Trigger

Level for Type B

(tpy)

CAB In-House Trigger Level (tpy)

CO 51.46 117.87 ≥100 ≥100 ≥1000 ≥250

NOx 35.21 67.18 ≥100 ≥40 ≥100 ≥25

SO2 29.96 87.44 ≥100 ≥40 ≥100 ≥25

PM 41.60 120.54 NA ≥25 NA ≥25

PM10 21.64 62.30 ≥100 ≥15 ≥100 ≥25

PM2.5 10.74 30.51 ≥100 ≥10 ≥100 ≥25

VOC 14.49 38.59 ≥100 ≥40 ≥100 ≥25

HAPs 2.85 8.25 ≥25 NA NA ≥5

a. Includes all fugitive emissions from the facility in accordance with the definition of “major source” in HAR, subchapter 1.

b. Includes DEG emissions at 8,760 hr/yr since the operating limit applies only to asphalt production.

AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT: This is an existing facility with no proposed modifications that would significantly affect the ambient air quality impact analysis performed in the previous review dated December 18, 2013. An ambient air quality impact analysis, which analyzes the maximum potential pollutant concentrations generated by a source and its effect on the ambient air, is generally required for new or modified sources to demonstrate compliance with State and National ambient air quality standards. Compliance with State and National ambient air quality standards was demonstrated through the prior assessment. Proposed modifications on the current renewal include: the conversion of the temporary CSP to a regular (non-temporary) CSP, use of a more conservative method of calculating fugitive emissions from storage piles, revision of the permit limit to a production rate limit from an hourly annual operation limit, and the addition of spec used oil as an alternative fuel for the drum mixer burner. The inclusion of spec used oil potentially increases estimated HAP emissions of acetaldehyde by more than 500 pounds per year, which is considered a significant modification; however, the ambient air quality impact analysis for criteria pollutants would not be affected by this.

DRAFT SIGNIFICANT PERMIT CONDITIONS:

1. Operating Limits The drum mixer/dryer shall be limited to a maximum production rate of 522,000 tons of hot mix asphalt in any rolling twelve-month (12-month) period. Reason for 1: This condition was incorporated into the permit, as proposed by the applicant, to limit CO and NOx emissions below BACT and major source thresholds.

2. Fuel Limits a. The drum mixer/dryer shall be fired only on the following fuels with a maximum sulfur

content not to exceed 0.5% by weight for each fuel:

i. Fuel oil No. 2; ii. Biodiesel; iii. Unitek Ecodiesel; iv. Used cooking oil; v. Specification (Spec) used oil; or vi. Any combination thereof.

b. The spec used oil shall meet the following limits:

Constituent/Property Allowable Limit Arsenic 5 ppm maximum Cadmium 2 ppm maximum Chromium 10 ppm maximum Lead 100 ppm maximum Total Halogens 1000 ppm maximum Sulfur 0.5% maximum by weight Flash Point 100°F minimum Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) 2 ppm maximum

c. The diesel engine generator shall be fired only on ultra-low sulfur diesel or biodiesel with the following specifications:

i. Maximum sulfur content not to exceed 0.0015% by weight; and ii. Minimum cetane index of forty (40) or maximum aromatic content of thirty-five

(35) volume percent.

Reason for 2: This condition was incorporated into the permit, as proposed by the applicant. Spec used oil limits are from 40 CFR §279.11. Fuel requirements for the diesel engine generator are from 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart IIII.

3. Specification Used Oil

DRAFT

a. Written notification identifying the spec used oil source shall be submitted to the Department and approved prior to accepting the used oil. Requests for obtaining spec used oil from any source shall be in accordance with Special Condition No. E.8.

b. Each delivery of spec used oil shall be accompanied by a laboratory analysis/report that identifies each constituent and associated value to demonstrate compliance with the above spec used oil limits.

c. This permit does not authorize the permittee to burn hazardous waste. Should the results of any analyses deem the sample to be hazardous, the contaminated containers shall be identified and isolated from the non-contaminated containers and properly disposed.

d. This permit shall not release the permittee from compliance with all applicable state and federal rules and regulations on the handling, transporting, storing, and burning of used oil.

e. The permit conditions prescribed herein may at any time be revised by the Department to reflect federal or state promulgated rules on used oil.

Reason for 3: This condition was incorporated into the permit due to the addition of spec used oil as an allowable fuel for the drum mixer burner.

4. Particulate Matter Emission Limit

The permittee shall not discharge or cause the discharge into the atmosphere from the baghouse servicing the drum mixer/dryer, particulate matter in excess of 90 mg/dscm (0.04 gr/dscf). Reason for 4: The drum mix asphalt plant is subject to 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart I

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Maui Paving, LLC has submitted an application for permit renewal and significant modification. Potential emissions for the 174 TPH hot mix asphalt plant were based on maximum potential emissions. The drum mixer dryer is equipped with a baghouse to control particulate matter emissions and water trucks apply water to the crushed rock and sand stockpiles frequently to control fugitive emissions from the piles. If operated as proposed in the application for a renewal with modifications, and in accordance with the conditions of the permit, the facility demonstrates compliance with state and federal regulations. Recommend issuance of the CSP renewal, subject to the incorporation of the significant permit conditions, thirty-day (30-day) public comment period, and forty-five-day (45-day) Environmental Protection Agency review period. Nicole Nakashima March 10, 2020

Hot Oil Heater (Insignificant Activity)AP-42 Section 1.3 (5/10) - Fuel Oil Combustion

Emissions [lb/hr] = Fuel Consumption [gal/hr] x Emission Factor [lb/gal]Emissions [lb/hr] = Heat Input Rate [MMBtu/hr] x Emission Factor [lb/MMBtu]

Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Fuel Consumption 9.7 gal/hour (Manuf data & previous review dtd 12/18/13)Fuel Oil No. 2 Sulfur Content 0.1 %Fuel Oil No. 2 Heating Value 137,030 Btu/galHeat Input Rate 1.33 MMBtu/hour (Fuel Consumption x Heating Value)

POLLUTANTEMISSION FACTOR

(lb/103 gal)

EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]

EMISSION FACTOR REFERENCE

(AP-42)

CO 5 0.05 0.21 Table 1.3-1, 5/10

NOx (distillate) 20 0.19 0.85 Table 1.3-1, 5/10

NOx (biodiesel) 22 0.21 0.93 increased by 10% for biodiesel

SO2 14.2 0.14 0.60 Table 1.3-1, 5/10

PM 2 0.02 0.08 Table 1.3-1, 5/10PM10 1.08 0.01 0.05 Table 1.3-7, 5/10

PM2.5 0.830 0.01 0.04 Table 1.3-7, 5/10

TOC 0.556 0.01 0.02 Table 1.3-3, 5/10II. POM and HCOH (HAPs)Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) 0.0033 3.20E-05 1.40E-04 Table 1.3-8, 5/10Formaldehyde (HCOH) 0.061 5.92E-04 2.59E-03 Table 1.3-8, 5/10

POLLUTANT

EMISSION FACTOR

(lb/1012

Btu)

EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


(AP-42)

III. Trace Elements (HAPs)Arsenic (As) 4 5.32E-06 2.33E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Beryllium (Be) 3 3.99E-06 1.75E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Cadmium (Cd) 3 3.99E-06 1.75E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Chromium (Cr) 3 3.99E-06 1.75E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Lead (Pb) 9 1.20E-05 5.24E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Manganese (Mn) 6 7.98E-06 3.49E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Mercury (Hg) 3 3.99E-06 1.75E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Nickel (Ni) 3 3.99E-06 1.75E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10Selenium (Se) 15 1.99E-05 8.73E-05 Table 1.3-10, 5/10

Total HAPs 0.001 0.003

Hot Oil Heater

I. Regulated Air Pollutants

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Typewritten Text

DRAFT

174 TPH Astec Drum Mix Asphalt PlantAP-42 Section 11.1 (3/04) - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants

Emissions [lb/hr] = Drum Mixer Capacity [ton/hr] x Emission Factor [lb/ton]

Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Drum Mixer Capacity 174 ton/hourF.O. No. 2 Sulfur Content 0.5 %Fuel Consumption 543 gallons/hour (76 MMBtu/hr burner)

POLLUTANTEMISSION FACTOR(lb/ton)

EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[522,000 tons HMA/yr]

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


(AP-42)

CO 0.130 22.62 33.93 99.08 Table 11.1-7, 3/04NOx 0.055 9.57 14.36 41.92 Table 11.1-7, 3/04

NOx (cooking oil) 0.064 11.10 16.65 48.62 increased by 16% for cooking oil

SO2 (EF in lb/gal fuel) 0.074 19.96 29.93 87.40 Table 1.11-2, 10/96

PM 0.033 5.74 8.61 25.15 Table 11.1-3, 3/04PM10 0.023 4.00 6.00 17.53 Table 11.1-3, 3/04

PM2.5 0.022 3.89 5.83 17.03 Table 11.1-4, 3/04

VOC 0.032 5.57 8.35 24.39 Table 11.1-8, 3/04

Total non-PAH HAPsa 0.0095 1.65E+00 2.48E+00 7.24E+00 Table 11.1-10, 3/04Total PAH HAPs 0.00088 1.53E-01 2.30E-01 6.71E-01 Table 11.1-10, 3/04Total PCDD/PCDF 1.20E-10 2.09E-08 3.13E-08 9.15E-08 Table 11.1-10, 3/04Arsenic 5.60E-07 9.74E-05 1.46E-04 4.27E-04 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Beryllium 0 0 0 0 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Cadmium 4.10E-07 7.13E-05 1.07E-04 3.12E-04 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Chromium 5.50E-06 9.57E-04 1.44E-03 4.19E-03 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Cobalt 2.60E-08 4.52E-06 6.79E-06 1.98E-05 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Hexavalent chromium 4.50E-07 7.83E-05 1.17E-04 3.43E-04 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Lead 1.50E-05 2.61E-03 3.92E-03 1.14E-02 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Manganese 7.70E-06 1.34E-03 2.01E-03 5.87E-03 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Mercury 2.60E-06 4.52E-04 6.79E-04 1.98E-03 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Nickel 6.30E-05 1.10E-02 1.64E-02 4.80E-02 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Phosphorus 2.80E-05 4.87E-03 7.31E-03 2.13E-02 Table 11.1-12, 3/04Selenium 3.50E-07 6.09E-05 9.14E-05 2.67E-04 Table 11.1-12, 3/04

Total HAPs 1.83 2.74 8.01a. Includes acetaldehyde emissions.

II. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

174 TPH Drum Mixer/Dryer


rana.balanay

Typewritten Text

DRAFT

HMA Silo Filling OperationAP-42 Section 11.1 (3/04) - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants


Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Drum Mixer Capacity 174 ton/hourAsphalt Volatility (V) -0.5 (AP-42 Table 11.1-14 default value)HMA Mix Temperature (T) 325 °F (AP-42 Table 11.1-14 default value)

Emission Factor EquationsTotal PM EF = 0.000332 + 0.00105(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)Organic PM EF = 0.00105(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)TOC EF = 0.0504(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)CO EF = 0.00488(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]

EMISSION FACTOR REFERENCE(AP-42)

Total PM 5.86E-04 0.15 0.45 Table 11.1-14, 3/04Organic PM 2.54E-04 0.07 0.19 Table 11.1-14, 3/04TOC 1.22E-02 3.18 9.29 Table 11.1-14, 3/04CO 1.18E-03 0.31 0.90 Table 11.1-14, 3/04

PM10 5.86E-04 0.15 0.45 Table 11.1-14, footnote b, 3/04

PM2.5 5.86E-04 0.15 0.45 Table 11.1-14, footnote b, 3/04

VOC 1.22E-02 3.18 9.29 Table 11.1-16, 3/04Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Total PAH HAPs 2.89E-05 7.55E-03 2.21E-02 Table 11.1-15, 3/04Total Volatile Organic HAPs 1.58E-04 4.13E-02 1.21E-01 Table 11.1-16, 3/04


HMA Silo Filling Operation

rana.balanay

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HMA Load-out OperationAP-42 Section 11.1 (3/04) - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants


Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Drum Mixer Capacity 174 ton/hourAsphalt Volatility (V) -0.5 (AP-42 Table 11.1-14 default value)HMA Mix Temperature (T) 325 °F (AP-42 Table 11.1-14 default value)

Emission Factor EquationsTotal PM EF = 0.000181 + 0.00141(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)Organic PM EF = 0.00141(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)TOC EF = 0.0172(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)CO EF = 0.00558(-V) e^((0.0251)(T + 460) - 20.43)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


Total PM 5.22E-04 0.14 0.40 Table 11.1-14, 3/04Organic PM 3.41E-04 0.09 0.26 Table 11.1-14, 3/04TOC 4.16E-03 1.09 3.17 Table 11.1-14, 3/04CO 1.35E-03 0.35 1.03 Table 11.1-14, 3/04PM10 5.22E-04 0.14 0.40 Table 11.1-14, footnote b, 3/04

PM2.5 5.22E-04 0.14 0.40 Table 11.1-14, footnote b, 3/04

VOC 3.91E-03 1.02 2.98 Table 11.1-16, 3/04Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Total PAH HAPs 2.02E-05 5.28E-03 1.54E-02 Table 11.1-15, 3/04Phenol 4.02E-06 1.05E-03 3.07E-03 Table 11.1-15, 3/04Total Volatile Organic HAPs 6.24E-05 1.63E-02 4.75E-02 Table 11.1-16, 3/04


HMA Load Out Operation

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610 HP Caterpilllar Diesel Engine GeneratorAP-42 Section 3.4 (10/96) - Large Stationary Diesel and All Stationary Dual-fuel Engines

Emissions [lb/hr] = Power [HP] x Emission Factor [g/HP-hr] x (1 lb / 453.6 g)Emissions [lb/hr] = Emission Factor [lb/MMBtu] x Heat Input Rate [MMBtu/hr]

8760 hour/year

34.83 gallon/hour (Manufacturer's Data)

672 HP

0.0015 %

137,030 Btu/gallon

4.77 MMBtu/hour (Fuel Consumption x Heating Value)

POLLUTANTEMISSION FACTOR

(lb/MMBtu)

EMISSION FACTOR(g/HP-hr)

EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


CO 2.6 3.85 16.87 Manuf Data - review dated 12/18/13

NOx 2.6 3.85 16.87 Manuf Data - review dated 12/18/13

NOx (biodiesel) 2.86 4.24 18.56 increased by 10% for biodiesel

SO2 0.001515 0.01 0.03 Table 3.4-1, 10/96

PM 0.075 0.11 0.49 Manuf Data - review dated 12/18/13PM10 0.072 0.11 0.47 Manuf Data & AP-42, Table B.2-2, 9/90

PM2.5 0.0675 0.10 0.44 Manuf Data & AP-42, Table B.2-2, 9/90

TOC 0.298 0.44 1.93 Manuf Data - review dated 12/18/13EMISSION FACTOR

(lb/MMBtu)

EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


7.76E-04 3.70E-03 1.62E-02 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

2.81E-04 1.34E-03 5.87E-03 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

1.93E-04 9.21E-04 4.03E-03 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

7.89E-05 3.77E-04 1.65E-03 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

2.52E-05 1.20E-04 5.27E-04 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

7.88E-06 3.76E-05 1.65E-04 Table 3.4-3, 10/96

2.12E-04 1.01E-03 4.43E-03 Table 3.4-4, 10/96Total HAPs 0.008 0.033

Heat Input Rate

Hour Limit

Fuel Consumption

Power

F.O. No. 2 Sulfur Content

F.O. No. 2 Heating Value

Total PAH

Toluene

Xylenes

Formaldehyde

Acetaldehyde

Acrolein

610 HP Caterpillar Diesel Engine Generator


II. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

POLLUTANT

Benzene

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Aggregate HandlingAP-42 Section 11.19.2 (8/04) - Crushed Stone Processing and Pulverized Mineral Processing

Emissions [lb/hr] = Processing Capacity [ton/hr] x Emission Factor [lb/ton]

Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Processing Capacity 174 ton/hourConveyor Transfer Points 5


EMISSIONS(lb/hr)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]


PM 3.14E-05 5.46E-03 8.19E-03 0.02 Table 11.19.2-2, 8/04 & Appx B.2 Table B.2.2, 9/90 (PM10 = 0.51PM)

PM10 1.60E-05 2.78E-03 4.18E-03 0.01 Table 11.19.2-2, 8/04

PM2.5 4.71E-06 8.19E-04 1.23E-03 0.00 Table 11.19.2-2, 8/04 & Appx B.2 Table B.2.2, 9/90 (PM2.5 = 0.15PM)

PM (70% control) 9.00E-04 0.78 1.17 3.43 Table 11.19.2-2

PM10 (70% control) 3.30E-04 0.29 0.43 1.26 Table 11.19.2-2

PM2.5 (70% control) 1.35E-04 0.12 0.18 0.51 Table 11.19.2-2, 8/04 & Appx B.2 Table B.2.2, 9/90 (PM2.5 = 0.15PM)

1.18 3.45

0.43 1.27

0.18 0.52

PM10

PM2.5

Aggregate Handling (174 TPH Drum Mixer/Dryer)

I. Truck Unloading

II. Conveyor Transfer Points (5x)

Total Aggregate Handling

PM

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Storage PilesSouth Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) Guideline Document, December 2014Particulate Matter (PM) Emission Factors for Processes/Equipment at Asphalt, Cement, Concrete and Aggregate Product Plant

Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Processing Capacity 174 ton/hour

POLLUTANT EF (lb/ton)

EMISSIONS(ton/yr)


EMISSIONS(ton/yr)

[8,760 hr/yr]REFERENCE (AP-42)

TSP (uncontrolled) 0.33 86.13 251.50 Section 11.19.1, Background Document, Table 4-1, 04/95TSP* (70% control) 0.099 25.84 75.45 Section 11.19.1, Background Document, Table 4-1, 04/95

PM10 0.050 13.18 38.48Section 11.19.1, Background Document, Table 4-1, 04/95 & Appx B.2 Table B.2.2, Category 3, 9/90

PM2.5 0.015 3.88 11.32Section 11.19.1, Background Document, Table 4-1, 04/95 & Appx B.2 Table B.2.2, Category 3, 9/90

*TSP = total suspended PM (not PM10)

Storage Piles

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Vehicle Travel on Unpaved RoadsAP-42 Section 13.2.2 (11/06) - Unpaved Roads

Emissions [lb/hr] = Vehicle Miles Traveled [VMT/hr] x Emission Factor [lb/VMT]

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)Production Limit 522,000 tons HMA/yr (equivalent to 3,000 hours/yr)Processing Capacity 174 ton/hourVehicle Load Capacity 21 ton (from previous review dtd 12/18/13)Travel Distance Roundtrip 0.25 mile (from previous review dtd 12/18/13)Average VMT/hour 2.07 VMT/hour (Processing Capacity / Load Capacity) x DistanceTotal VMT 6214.29 VMT/year VMT/hour x Hour Limit

Mean Vehicle WeightMean Vehicle Weight 26.5 tons (from previous review dtd 12/18/13; assumed avg tare wt of 16 tons & avg gross wt of 37 tons

Emission FactorsFor vehicles traveling on unpaved surfaces at industrial sites:EF = k(s/12)a(W/5)b

where: EF = size-specific emission factor [lb/VMT] s = surface material silt content (%) W = mean mean vehicle weight (tons) k, a, b = empirical constants

EFext = EF[(365-P) / 365]

where: EFext = annual size-specific emission factor extrapolated for natural mitigation [lb/VMT] P = number of days in a year with at least 0.01 in of precipitation

PM2.5 PM10 PM

k 0.15 1.50 4.90 lb/VMT

a 0.90 0.90 0.70 -

b 0.45 0.45 0.45 -

s %

P day

522,000 tons HMA/yr 8,760 hr/yrPM 5.95 5.59 70% 3.46 5.19 15.16

PM10 1.45 1.37 70% 0.85 1.27 3.71

PM2.5 0.15 0.14 70% 0.08 0.13 0.37

1. AP-42, Section 13.2.2.2, Equation 1a 2. AP-42, Section 13.2.2.2, Equation 2 3. 70% control efficiency was assumed for water suppression (AP-42 Sec. 11.19.1.2 (11/95)

POLLUTANT EF1

(lb/VMT)EFext

2 (lb/VMT)CONTROL

EFFICIENCY3EMISSIONS (tpy)EMISSIONS

(lb/hr)

3.90

22

NOTES

AP-42 Table 13.2.2-2, 11/06

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

AP-42 Table 13.2.2-2, 11/06

AP-42 Table 13.2.2-2, 11/06

AP-42 Table 13.2.4-1, 11/06

Kaunakakai 536 Station: https://wrcc.dri.edu/Climate/comp_table_state

VALUEUNIT

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Documents

PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW · DRAFT 1. Emissions were based on emission factors from AP-42 Section 1.3 (5/10) - Fuel Oil Combustion. 2. NO X emissions from biodiesel was increased