Performance Performance Enhancing DrugsEnhancing Drugs

Sports Medicine ISports Medicine I

Recreational and Performance Recreational and Performance Enhancing DrugsEnhancing Drugs

Recreational drugsRecreational drugs– AlcoholAlcohol– MarijuanaMarijuana– cocainecocaine

Performance Performance EnhancingEnhancing– Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids– caffeinecaffeine

Both have serious and sometimes irreversible side effects!!!

AlcoholAlcohol

Most commonly Most commonly abused drug at all abused drug at all levelslevels

Peer pressure to Peer pressure to drink is extremedrink is extreme

Universally Universally acceptedaccepted

Most difficult drug Most difficult drug to controlto control

AlcoholAlcohol

Results in Results in deterioration of the deterioration of the psychomotor skills psychomotor skills ofof– Reaction timeReaction time– Hand-eye Hand-eye

coordinationcoordination– AccuracyAccuracy– BalanceBalance– Complex Complex

coordinationcoordination

AlcoholAlcohol

Consistently Consistently DecreasesDecreases– StrengthStrength– PowerPower– Local muscular Local muscular

enduranceendurance– SpeedSpeed– Cardiovascular Cardiovascular

enduranceendurance

MarijuanaMarijuana

Second most Second most commonly abused commonly abused substancesubstance

Significant effects with Significant effects with athletic performanceathletic performance

Effects:Effects:– Major impairment of Major impairment of

coordinationcoordination– Impairment of tracing Impairment of tracing

performanceperformance– Slowed reaction timeSlowed reaction time– Altered perception of Altered perception of

speed, time, and spacespeed, time, and space– Short-term and long-Short-term and long-

term memory lossterm memory loss– Prolonged learning timeProlonged learning time

MarijuanaMarijuana

““Anti-Motivational Syndrome”Anti-Motivational Syndrome”– ApathyApathy– Loss of ambition and effectivenessLoss of ambition and effectiveness– Diminished ability to carry out long-term Diminished ability to carry out long-term

plansplans– Difficulty concentratingDifficulty concentrating– Decline in academic and athletic Decline in academic and athletic

performanceperformance– Intermittent confusionIntermittent confusion– Impaired memoryImpaired memory– Loss of energyLoss of energy

Tobacco ProductsTobacco Products

Rules and Rules and regulations regulations established to curb established to curb use of tobacco in use of tobacco in athleticsathletics

Cancer is linked to Cancer is linked to the use of these the use of these productsproducts

Baseball has seen Baseball has seen the most recent the most recent regulationsregulations

ProductsProducts– SmokingSmoking– ChewingChewing– SnuffSnuff

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Synthetic Synthetic derivatives of the derivatives of the male hormone male hormone testosteronetestosterone

Most controversial Most controversial drugsdrugs

Hope is to increase Hope is to increase strength and size strength and size of musclesof muscles

Little evidence that Little evidence that there are benefitsthere are benefits

Steroid use without Steroid use without training, there is no training, there is no effect of muscle effect of muscle size or strengthsize or strength

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Side Effects (Men)Side Effects (Men)– Aggressive behaviorAggressive behavior– Liver damageLiver damage– Impaired kidney Impaired kidney

functionfunction– Enlarged prostateEnlarged prostate– Decreased testosteroneDecreased testosterone– Testicular atrophyTesticular atrophy– Growth of breast tissueGrowth of breast tissue– Elevated blood pressureElevated blood pressure

Side Effects (Women)Side Effects (Women)– Deepened voiceDeepened voice– Growth of facial/chest Growth of facial/chest

hairhair– Liver damageLiver damage– Menstrual irregularitiesMenstrual irregularities– Impairment of Impairment of

reproductive capactiyreproductive capactiy

CaffeineCaffeine Moderate amounts Moderate amounts

increase mental increase mental alertnessalertness

Too much may Too much may cause anxiety, cause anxiety, hamper hamper performance, performance, increase heart rateincrease heart rate

Has a diuretic effectHas a diuretic effect Adversely affects Adversely affects

performanceperformance

CreatineCreatine

Recently gained Recently gained notorietynotoriety

Burn a high-energy Burn a high-energy compound stored compound stored in musclein muscle

Large dosages Large dosages contributes to contributes to dehydrationdehydration

More research More research must be conductedmust be conducted

Recognition of Drug UseRecognition of Drug Use Motivation variationsMotivation variations Changes in Changes in

personality/behaviorspersonality/behaviors Withdrawal from Withdrawal from

companionshipcompanionship Decline in Decline in

performance performance (physically and (physically and academically)academically)

Inability to Inability to coordinatecoordinate

Poor personal Poor personal hygienehygiene

Muddled speechMuddled speech Impaired judgementImpaired judgement Restless, jitteryRestless, jittery Muscular twitchesMuscular twitches Heavy sweatingHeavy sweating Bad breathBad breath Red eyesRed eyes Increased appetiteIncreased appetite

Banned Substance ListsBanned Substance Lists

http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/connect/53e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b253e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009-5/2009-10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=53e6f480MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b254e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25

NCAA VideoNCAA Video

http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_and_safety/drug-testing/health_and_safety/drug-testing/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html