GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 11(01), 197–206

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GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

e-ISSN: 2581-3250, CODEN (USA): GBPSC2

Journal homepage: https://www.gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscbps

Corresponding author: Oyewole Benjamin Osigbodi

Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0.

(RE SE AR CH AR T I CL E)

Performance and haematology of broiler strains (cobbs and arbor-acre) fed ginger (Zingiber officinale) based diet at the early phase

Iyaode Iyekeji Ifelayo, Oyewole Benjamin Osigbodi*, Adesola Mercy Adetola and Anjorin Grace Oluwabunmi

Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.

Publication history: Received on 18 April 2020; revised on 25 April 2020; accepted on 28 April 2020

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.1.0107

Abstract

The research was conducted to evaluate the performance and haematology of broiler strains (Cobbs and Arbor-acre) fed ginger (Zingiber officinale) at the early phase. A total of one hundred and forty-four (144) day old chicks of mixed sexes comprising of two different strains were used for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to the three different experimental treatment groups. Treatment 1 (T1 = basal diet only); Treatment 2 (T2 = basal diet + 0.5% ginger); Treatment 3 (T3 = basal diet + 1.0% ginger). Each treatment group was replicated three (3) times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results showed that ginger inclusion caused significant (p< 0.05) increase on final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, as better performance was recorded with the increase in the inclusion level of ginger. Final weight, weight gain, daily weight gains and feed conversion ratio was significantly affected by strain treatment interaction at 0.5% ginger inclusion as theCobbs strain had a higher performance than the Arbor acre strain. The effect of dietary levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the haematology of different strains of broiler showed that ginger inclusion significantly increased (p

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There are several naturally existing herbs (medicinal plants) which could be used in preventing the accumulation of lipids including neutral fats and cholesterol, prominent among these plants is ginger (Zingiber officinale). Ginger has gained prominence due to its wide range of properties not only in reducing lipids but, in many other ways where the utmost aim is to improve the nutritive value of the animal products (meat, milk or egg) [8].

Information obtained from haematological assay, apart from being useful for diagnostic and management purposes could equally be incorporated into breeding programs [9]. Haematological studies are of ecological and physiological interest in helping to understand the relationship of blood characteristic to the environment and so could be useful in the selection of animals that are genetically resistant to certain diseases and environmental conditions [10]. Haematological parameters are good indicators of the physiological status of animals [11], and are related to the blood and blood forming organs [12]. The examination of blood gives the opportunity to investigate the presence of several metabolites and other constituents in the body of animals and plays a vital role in the physiological, nutritional and pathological status of an organism [13].

1.1. Justification of the study

The search for natural feed additives which have no adverse effect on the performance and health of animals continues to attract the attention of researchers in developing countries, achieving this through dietary inclusion of naturally

occurring herbs may be a cheap and safe way, and amenable to increased adoption by poultry farmers.

1.2. Objective of the study

The feeding trial sought to investigate the effect of graded levels of ginger inclusion on the performance and haematological indices of two broiler strains at the early phase.

2. Materials and methods

The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit of the Kogi State University Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Anyigba, Kogi State. Anyigba is located in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria on latitude 7o 30´N and longitude 7o

09´E. The zone is characterized by 6-7 months of annual rainfall ranging from 1400-1500mm and day temperature range of 25o C-35o C with the highest temperature in March and April [14].

Fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) was purchased, washed, peeled, chopped into smaller pieces, dried andground into powder. Ginger powder was incorporated into the experimental diet for cobbs and arbor acre at 0%, 0.5% and 1% as the various treatments respectively. The experimental basal diet was formulated with a crude protein of 23%.

A total of one hundred and forty-four (144) day old chicks of mixed sexes comprising of two different strains (Arbor acre and Cobbs) were randomly assigned to the three different experimental treatment groups. Treatment 1 (T1 = basal diet only); Treatment 2 (T2 = basal diet + 0.5% ginger); Treatment 3 (T3 = basal diet + 1.0% ginger). Each of the treatment groups per strain was replicated three (3) times with eight (8) chicks per replicate.

2.1. Management of birds

All the necessary management practices for broiler chickens, such as brooding, vaccinations, feeding, sanitation, record keeping and medication were strictly adhered to.

2.2. Data collection/ method of collection

Data collected were feed intake and efficiency, body weight gain, haematological parameters [packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular concentration (MCHC) and platelets].The duration of the experiment was four weeks.

2.3. Statistical analysis

Data collected in the course of the experiment were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as appropriate for a 2x3 factorial arrangement implemented within the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Significant means were separated using LSD at 5% level of significance.

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3. Results and discussion

Table 1 Effect of strain on the performance and haematology of broiler fed ginger

Parameter Cobbs Arbor acre LOS

Initial weight (g) 40.11±0.20 39.92±0.20 NS

Final weight(g) 582.89±10.96 578.78±10.96 NS

Weight difference(g) 543.21±10.07 539.29±10.07 NS

Daily weight gain(g) 19.40±0.39 19.26±0.39 NS

Daily feed intake(g) 67.18±0.92 68.00±0.92 NS

Feed conversion ratio 3.46±0.58 3.53±0.58 NS

PCV (%) 29.00 29.20 NS

HB (g/dL) 9.91 10.09 NS

WBC (x109/L) 224.56 209.62 NS

RBC (x1012/L) 2.46b 2.48a *

MCV (fl) 133.06 131.15 NS

MCH (pg) 45.78 44.60 NS

MCHC (g/dL) 34.11 33.70 NS

Neutrophil (x109/L) 4.94 4.20 NS

Lymphocyte (x109/L) 96.44 96.37 NS abc=means with different superscript along the same row show significant difference at p0.05) on the performance characteristics and haematological indices of the birds except for RBC that showed that the Arbor acre strain was significantly (p

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study for Arbor acre and Cobbs broiler strains contrasted to some extent among themselves showing variation that exist among genetically related strains [24], however, [25] observed variation in haematological profile of different strains.

Table 2 Effect of varied inclusion level of ginger on the performance of broiler across treatment groups

Parameters T1 (0%) T2 (0.5%) T3 (1.0%) LOS

Initial weight (g) 39.92±0.17 39.64±0.17 39.73±0.17 NS

Final weight (g) 499.83c±13.42 601.33b±13.42 641.33a±13.42 *

Weight difference (g) 460.35c±13.40 561.53b±13.40 601.87a±13.40 *

Daily weight gain (g) 16.44c±0.48 20.06b±0.48 21.49a±0.48 *

Daily feed intake (g) 65.97b±1.13 66.15b±1.13 70.66a±1.13 *

Feed conversion ratio 4.01b±0.71 3.30a±0.71 3.29a±0.71 * abc=means with different superscript along the same rows show significant different at (p

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Table 3 Treatment effect on the haematology of broiler chickens fed ginger (Zingiber officinale).

Parameters T1 (0%) T2 (0.5%) T3 (1%) SEM LOS

PCV (%) 28.75 29.33 29.18 0.41 NS

HB (g/dL) 9.43c 10.03b 10.50a 0.16 *

WBC (x109/L) 212.42ab 206.15b 232.82a 10.85 *

RBC (x1012/L) 2.39b 2.49a 2.52a 0.02 *

MCV (fl) 126.43b 131.36b 138.65a 3.00 *

MCH (pg) 42.44c 44.98b 48.19a 1.07 *

MCHC (g/dL) 33.55b 34.00b 34.18a 0.31 *

Neutrophil (x109/L) 3.50b 4.58ab 5.64a 0.60 *

Lymphocyte (x109/L) 95.67b 96.55ab 97.00a 0.61 * abc = Means with different superscripts along the same row showing significant difference at p0.05) across treatments but birds in T2 (ginger 0.5%) showed the highest numerical value (29.33). However, there were significant differences (p

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Table 4 Effect of strain and treatment interaction on performance of broiler fed ginger

Parameters T1S1 T2S1 T3S1 T1S2 T2S2 T3S2 LOS

Initial weight (g) 40.07±0.24 40.06±0.24 40.20±0.24 39.77±0.24 39.22±0.24 39.26±0.24 NS

Final weight (g) 484.00c±18.98 619.33a±18.9 645.33a±18.98 515.67c±18.98 583.33b±18.98 637.33a±18.98 *

Weight gain (g) 444.52c±19.01 579.22a±19.00 605.89a±19.01 476.18c±19.01 543.84b±19.01 597.84a±19.01 *

Daily weight gain (g) 15.88c±0.68 20.69a±0.68 21.64a±0.68 17.00c±0.68 19.42b±0.68 21.35a±0.68 *

Daily feed intake (g) 65.36b± 1.59 66.73b± 1.59 69.45a± 1.59 66.59b±1.59 65.57b±1.59 71.86a±1.59 *

FCR 4.12c± 1.00 3.23a±1.00 3.21a±1.00 3.92c±1.00 3.38b± 1.00 3.37a±1.00 *

abc= means with different superscript along the same rows show significant different at p

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adequate for the proper functioning of the birds [52]. Results showed that Hb, PCV and RBC were within the normal ranges for healthy birds. This may indicate proper synthesis of vitamin and optimal functioning of the bone marrow of the birds, in addition to significant effect of ginger on the haemoglobin and red blood cell, since haemoglobin functions as a carrier of oxygen to target organs by forming oxy-haemoglobin, a situation which indicates that the birds were not anaemic nor lacked oxygen[53].MCH and MCHC values found to be within normal ranges may indicate that feed formulation and compounding was well done without a negative interaction between energy and protein balance in the diet [45]. Neutrophils and lymphocytes showed significant difference (p

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Disclosure of conflict of interest

The authors: Iyaode Iyekeji Ifelayo, Oyewole Benjamin Osigbodi, Adesola Mercy Adetola and Anjorin, Grace Oluwabunmi hereby declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Statement of ethical approval

The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standard of the Institution.

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How to cite this article

Iyaode II, Oyewole BO, Adesola MA and Anjorin GO. (2020). Performance and haematology of broiler strains (cobbs and arbor-acre) fed ginger (Zingiber officinale) based diet at the early phase. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 197-206.