Perfect tensesPerfect tenses

Spanish 3, Buen Viaje p223-225, Spanish 3, Buen Viaje p223-225, p255- 258, PRE AP ONLY p309-310. p255- 258, PRE AP ONLY p309-310.

Spanish 4 interacciones p. 360, 371, Spanish 4 interacciones p. 360, 371, 417, 435417, 435

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT

This tense is used to talk about This tense is used to talk about things that HAVE HAPPENED or things that HAVE HAPPENED or things that one HAS DONE. It is things that one HAS DONE. It is another past tense, like the another past tense, like the preterite or the imperfect. preterite or the imperfect.

Ex: Yo he hablado con mi amiga.Ex: Yo he hablado con mi amiga.(I have talked with my friend).(I have talked with my friend).

He has done his homework.He has done his homework.(Él ha hecho su tarea.)(Él ha hecho su tarea.)

The Present Perfect is a compound tense. The Present Perfect is a compound tense.

To form it, you need to use a form of HABER To form it, you need to use a form of HABER in the present tense + a past participle.in the present tense + a past participle.

HABER (helping verb)HABER (helping verb) YoYo HeHe NosotrosNosotros HemosHemos TúTú HasHas ÉlÉl HaHa EllosEllos HanHan EllaElla HaHa EllasEllas HanHan Ud.Ud. HaHa Uds.Uds. HanHan

*The form of haber matches the subject.*The form of haber matches the subject.

El PARTICIPIO PASADOEl PARTICIPIO PASADO

Formation (regular)Formation (regular) 1) -AR verbs:take off the –AR and add 1) -AR verbs:take off the –AR and add

-ADO.-ADO. EjemplosEjemplos Cantar Cantar == cantadocantado

Escuchar = Escuchar = escuchadoescuchado

2) -ER/-IR verbs: take off the –ER/-IR 2) -ER/-IR verbs: take off the –ER/-IR and add –IDO.and add –IDO.

Ejemplos:Ejemplos: Correr = corridoCorrer = corridoRecibir = recibidoRecibir = recibido

3) Irregular Past Participles3) Irregular Past Participles Memorize, memorize Memorize, memorize

VERB Past ParticipleAbrir (to open) AbiertoDecir (to say) DichoDescubrir (to discover) DescubiertoEscribir (to write) EscritoHacer (to make/do) HechoMorir (to die) MuertoPoner (to put) PuestoRomper (to break) RotoVer (to see) VistoVolver (to return) VueltoFreir (to fry) Frito

Once formed, the same past participle will Once formed, the same past participle will

work for any subjectwork for any subject Yo he habladoYo he hablado Tú has hablado Tú has hablado Ella ha hablado (etc.)Ella ha hablado (etc.)

**OJO** Like any other compound verb, you **OJO** Like any other compound verb, you can can nevernever separate the HABER and the PAST separate the HABER and the PAST PARTICIPLE. PARTICIPLE.

Ejemplos:Ejemplos: No se ha duchado.No se ha duchado.NEVER-No ha se duchado.NEVER-No ha se duchado.

Me he quitado la chaqueta.Me he quitado la chaqueta.NEVER- He me quitado la NEVER- He me quitado la

chaqueta.chaqueta.

Pluperfect (past perfect)Pluperfect (past perfect)

The Pluperfect or Past Perfect is The Pluperfect or Past Perfect is formed by using the imperfect tense formed by using the imperfect tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb of the helping (auxiliary) verb haberhaber and the past participle. The past and the past participle. The past participles are the same for all participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in -change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular Irregular forms are also the same.forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to haveHaber- helping verb-to have

Había llegadoHabía llegado Habíamos llegadoHabíamos llegadoHabías llegadoHabías llegadoHabía llegadoHabía llegado Habían llegadoHabían llegado

The Pluperfect tense is used in the The Pluperfect tense is used in the same way in Spanish as it is in same way in Spanish as it is in English. The pluperfect describes a English. The pluperfect describes a past action completed before past action completed before another past action.another past action.

Ex: El partido ya había empezado Ex: El partido ya había empezado cuando llegaron algunos de los cuando llegaron algunos de los jugadores. jugadores.

(The game had already begun when (The game had already begun when some of the players arrived.)some of the players arrived.)

*Note that both actions in the *Note that both actions in the sentence above took place in the sentence above took place in the past. The action that took place first, past. The action that took place first, the game had already begunthe game had already begun is in the is in the pluperfect. The action that followed pluperfect. The action that followed it, it, the players arrivedthe players arrived, is in the , is in the preterite.preterite.

Conditional PerfectConditional Perfect

The Conditional Perfect is formed by The Conditional Perfect is formed by using the conditional tense of the using the conditional tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb helping (auxiliary) verb haberhaber and and the past participle. The past the past participle. The past participles are the same for all participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in -change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular Irregular forms are also the same.forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to haveHaber- helping verb-to haveHabría llegadoHabría llegado Habríamos llegadoHabríamos llegadoHabrías llegadoHabrías llegadoHabría llegadoHabría llegado Habrían llegadoHabrían llegado

The Conditional Perfect is used in Spanish, The Conditional Perfect is used in Spanish, as it is in English, to state what would have as it is in English, to state what would have taken place had something else not taken place had something else not interfered or made it impossible. interfered or made it impossible.

Ex: Yo habría hablado con mi padre pero él Ex: Yo habría hablado con mi padre pero él estaba muy ocupado. estaba muy ocupado.

(I would have spoken to my father but he (I would have spoken to my father but he was very busy. )was very busy. )

Future PerfectFuture Perfect

The Future Perfect is formed by The Future Perfect is formed by using the future tense of the using the future tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb helping (auxiliary) verb haberhaber and and the past participle. The past the past participle. The past participles are the same for all participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular -er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular forms are also the same.forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to haveHaber- helping verb-to have

Habré llegadoHabré llegado Habremos llegadoHabremos llegado

Habrás llegadoHabrás llegado

Habrá llegadoHabrá llegado Habrán llegadoHabrán llegado

The Future Perfect is used to express The Future Perfect is used to express a future action that will be completed a future action that will be completed prior to another future action. prior to another future action. Observe and analyze the following Observe and analyze the following sentences.sentences.

Ex: Desgraciadamente ellos no estarán. Ex: Desgraciadamente ellos no estarán. Habrán salido antes de nuestra llegada.Habrán salido antes de nuestra llegada.

(Unfortunately they will not be there. They (Unfortunately they will not be there. They will have gone before our arrival.)will have gone before our arrival.)

*In the above sentence, the people will not *In the above sentence, the people will not be present at some time in the future be present at some time in the future because they have already left. The because they have already left. The departure precedes our arrival even departure precedes our arrival even though both actions will be in the future. though both actions will be in the future. This tense is seldom used. This tense is seldom used.

Present Perfect SubjunctivePresent Perfect Subjunctive The present perfect subjunctive is The present perfect subjunctive is

formed by using the present formed by using the present subjunctive form of the verb subjunctive form of the verb haber haber + the past participle.+ the past participle.

Haya llegadoHaya llegado Hayamos llegadoHayamos llegado Hayas llegadoHayas llegado Haya llegadoHaya llegado Hayan llegadoHayan llegado

Whereas the present subjunctive is used to refer Whereas the present subjunctive is used to refer

to the events that may occur either at the same to the events that may occur either at the same time as or after the action of the main verb, the time as or after the action of the main verb, the present perfect subjunctive refers to the actions present perfect subjunctive refers to the actions or situations that may have occurred before the or situations that may have occurred before the action of the main verb.action of the main verb.

The present perfect subjunctive is used when:The present perfect subjunctive is used when:

1)the main verb is in the present, future, present 1)the main verb is in the present, future, present perfect, or command form.perfect, or command form.

2) the action of the verb in the subjunctive is 2) the action of the verb in the subjunctive is expected to have taken place before that of the expected to have taken place before that of the main verb.main verb.

Look at the following sentences using the Look at the following sentences using the

present and present perfect subjunctive:present and present perfect subjunctive:

Es importante que estudies ahora mismo.Es importante que estudies ahora mismo. It is important that you study right now.It is important that you study right now.

   Es importante que estudies este fin de Es importante que estudies este fin de

semana.semana. It is important that you study this weekend.It is important that you study this weekend.

   Dudo que hayas estudiado hoy.Dudo que hayas estudiado hoy. I doubt that you have studied today.I doubt that you have studied today.

Pluperfect SubjunctivePluperfect Subjunctive Formation: The pluperfect subjunctive is Formation: The pluperfect subjunctive is

formed with the formed with the imperfect subjunctiveimperfect subjunctive of the verb of the verb haberhaber + the past participle + the past participle of the verb.of the verb.

Hubiera llegadoHubiera llegado Hubiéramos llegado Hubiéramos llegado Hubieras llegadoHubieras llegado Hubiera llegadoHubiera llegado Hubieran llegadoHubieran llegado

The pluperfect subjunctive is used The pluperfect subjunctive is used

when the subjunctive is needed and when the subjunctive is needed and

the main verb is in the past (preterite, the main verb is in the past (preterite, imperfect, or pluperfect tense) or the imperfect, or pluperfect tense) or the conditional.conditional.

And when the action of the verb in And when the action of the verb in the subjunctive is expected to have the subjunctive is expected to have taken place before that of the main taken place before that of the main verb.verb.

Note the use of the pluperfect Note the use of the pluperfect subjunctive in the following subjunctive in the following example:example:

   El entrenador quería que nosotros El entrenador quería que nosotros

hubiéramos corrido tres millas antes hubiéramos corrido tres millas antes del comienzo del partido.del comienzo del partido.

   The trainer wanted us to have run The trainer wanted us to have run

three miles before the beginning of three miles before the beginning of the game. the game.

Practice (Present Perfect)Practice (Present Perfect)

1. Yo _________________ con ellos. (hablar)1. Yo _________________ con ellos. (hablar)2. Ella __________________ el sábado. (salir)2. Ella __________________ el sábado. (salir)3. Ellos ______________ ir a la fiesta. 3. Ellos ______________ ir a la fiesta. (querer)(querer)4. Tú ________ fruta en la frutería. 4. Tú ________ fruta en la frutería. (comprar)(comprar)5. Juan ____________ en Puerto Rico. (vivir)5. Juan ____________ en Puerto Rico. (vivir)6. Nosotros _____________ la verdad. (decir)6. Nosotros _____________ la verdad. (decir)7. Ellas __________________ la tarea. (hacer)7. Ellas __________________ la tarea. (hacer)8. Tú y yo _____________ en el agua. 8. Tú y yo _____________ en el agua. (nadar)(nadar)9. Uds _______________ español. (aprender)9. Uds _______________ español. (aprender)10. Ud ________ un fin de semana muy interesante. 10. Ud ________ un fin de semana muy interesante.

(tener)(tener)11. Mi amigo _________________ al cine. (ir)11. Mi amigo _________________ al cine. (ir)12. Yo ___________________ la mesa. (poner)12. Yo ___________________ la mesa. (poner)

¿¿CÓMO SE DICE?CÓMO SE DICE?

1. I have done my homework.1. I have done my homework. 2. You have listened to your mom.2. You have listened to your mom. 3. He has written a sentence.3. He has written a sentence. 4. They have lived in Venezuela. 4. They have lived in Venezuela. 5. We have received a package.5. We have received a package. 6. She has walked in the park.6. She has walked in the park. 7. You have eaten fish.7. You have eaten fish. 8. I have taken off my hat.8. I have taken off my hat. 9. The girls have painted a picture.9. The girls have painted a picture. 10. We have learned the lesson.10. We have learned the lesson.

Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Translate using the Present PerfectTranslate using the Present Perfect 1. She has written a historical novel.1. She has written a historical novel. 2. Tú has vivido en un país 2. Tú has vivido en un país

hispanohablante.hispanohablante. 3. They have skied in Colorado.3. They have skied in Colorado. 4. Felipe se ha roto la pierna dos veces.4. Felipe se ha roto la pierna dos veces. 5. Mr. Tomas has opened the door.5. Mr. Tomas has opened the door. 6. Marisol ha compuesto una canción.6. Marisol ha compuesto una canción. 7. I have eaten spicy peppers at Mexican 7. I have eaten spicy peppers at Mexican

restaurants.restaurants. 8. Nosotros no hemos ido a ver la película 8. Nosotros no hemos ido a ver la película

nueva de Disney.nueva de Disney.

PluperfectPluperfect

Translate using the PluperfectTranslate using the Pluperfect 1. When Mr. Jimenez arrived at the airport, the 1. When Mr. Jimenez arrived at the airport, the

plane had departed.plane had departed. 2. Cuando la Sra. Garza entró en la cocina, el 2. Cuando la Sra. Garza entró en la cocina, el

gato había comido el pez.gato había comido el pez. 3. When Marisol called, Carlos had already gone 3. When Marisol called, Carlos had already gone

to bed.to bed. 4. Cuand4. Cuando llegamos al cine, habían vendido todos o llegamos al cine, habían vendido todos

los billetes.los billetes. 5. Never before had Felipe gone out with Gloria.5. Never before had Felipe gone out with Gloria. 6. Nunca antes había ido Ana a la Argentina.6. Nunca antes había ido Ana a la Argentina. 7. The boy said that he had eaten the cake.7. The boy said that he had eaten the cake. 8. Ellos confesaron que habían roto la silla.8. Ellos confesaron que habían roto la silla.

Conditional PerfectConditional PerfectTranslate using the Conditional PerfectTranslate using the Conditional Perfect 1. I would have done my homework.1. I would have done my homework. 2. Él habría comprado un coche nuevo.2. Él habría comprado un coche nuevo. 3. They would have traveled around the 3. They would have traveled around the

world.world. 4. Ellas habrían ido al concierto de Maná.4. Ellas habrían ido al concierto de Maná. 5. She would have contributed money to 5. She would have contributed money to

the church.the church. 6. Tú habrías regalado un perrito a tu 6. Tú habrías regalado un perrito a tu

hermanito.hermanito. 7. You (formal) would have bought a ticket 7. You (formal) would have bought a ticket

to the movies.to the movies. 8. Nosotros habríamos puesto los libros en 8. Nosotros habríamos puesto los libros en

nuestras mochillas.nuestras mochillas.

Future PerfectFuture Perfect

Translate using the Future PerfectTranslate using the Future Perfect 1. Esta noche a las diez ya habré terminado mi 1. Esta noche a las diez ya habré terminado mi

tarea.tarea. 2. Tomorrow at 8 am I will have already gotten up.2. Tomorrow at 8 am I will have already gotten up. 3. Para el fin de mayo, Susana ya habrá encontrado 3. Para el fin de mayo, Susana ya habrá encontrado

un trabajo de verano.un trabajo de verano. 4. In 3 years we will have graduated. (graduarse)4. In 3 years we will have graduated. (graduarse) 5. En 10 años, Juan y Lara ya se habrán casado.5. En 10 años, Juan y Lara ya se habrán casado. 6. At the age of 30, you (informal) will have written 6. At the age of 30, you (informal) will have written

a novel.a novel. 7. A la edad de 40, ellos habrán viajado alrededor 7. A la edad de 40, ellos habrán viajado alrededor

del mundo.del mundo. 8. At the age of 50, you (formal) will have become a 8. At the age of 50, you (formal) will have become a

millionaire. millionaire.

Present Perfect SubjunctivePresent Perfect Subjunctive 1. Dudo que Ud. (ver) __________________un Bucardo , 1. Dudo que Ud. (ver) __________________un Bucardo ,

una cabra montés, en España, porque ahora es un una cabra montés, en España, porque ahora es un animal extincto.animal extincto.

2. Nos sorprende que tú (pagar) 2. Nos sorprende que tú (pagar) ____________________tanto por la cerámica. Debes ____________________tanto por la cerámica. Debes regatear con los vendedores. regatear con los vendedores.

3. Es probable que esos turistas 3. Es probable que esos turistas (ir)____________________a la playa en sus vacaciones (ir)____________________a la playa en sus vacaciones porque están muy tostadas.porque están muy tostadas.

4. El médico se alegra que por fin yo 4. El médico se alegra que por fin yo (dejar)_________________ de fumar cigarrillos.(dejar)_________________ de fumar cigarrillos.

5. Ellas esperan que nosotros no 5. Ellas esperan que nosotros no (volver)_______________antes de la tormenta.(volver)_______________antes de la tormenta.

Pluperfect SubjunctivePluperfect Subjunctive

1. 1. No estaba segura de que el dictator No estaba segura de que el dictator _________________(decir) la verdad sobre los _________________(decir) la verdad sobre los derechos humanos en su país.derechos humanos en su país.

2. 2. Me extrañó que tú ________________(pedir) carne Me extrañó que tú ________________(pedir) carne porque eres vegetariana. porque eres vegetariana.

3. 3. Era increíble que los cocineros no Era increíble que los cocineros no _________________(cubrir) la carne en el picnic. Hay _________________(cubrir) la carne en el picnic. Hay tantas moscas. tantas moscas.

4. 4. ¿No te molestó que tu jefe ______________(leer) tu ¿No te molestó que tu jefe ______________(leer) tu correo electrónico? correo electrónico?

5. 5. Dudaba que nuestra profesora ________________ Dudaba que nuestra profesora ________________ (comprar) un MacBook Pro. (comprar) un MacBook Pro.

Textbook exercisesTextbook exercises

Spanish 3: p223-225 exercises 1-3, Spanish 3: p223-225 exercises 1-3, p255-258 exercises 1-8, PRE AP p255-258 exercises 1-8, PRE AP ONLY p309-310 exercises 5-8.ONLY p309-310 exercises 5-8.

Spanish 4: p. 360 (10.8, 10.9), p371 Spanish 4: p. 360 (10.8, 10.9), p371 (10.26, 10.27), p. 417 (11.29, 11.30), (10.26, 10.27), p. 417 (11.29, 11.30), p. 435 (12.7)p. 435 (12.7)