Per 7 Notes.masternotes

8/3/2019 Per 7 Notes.masternotes

1/6

Ottoman Empire (1300-1922 Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe)

People Power Accomplishments FallSulieman I- Militaryconqueror whoadded vast lands toOttoman power,

assembled anadvanced navy butalso tried to makethe people heconquered happy.He did not slaughterthe people butredesigned laws

Selim - son of Sulieman who as adrunk who simplyfollowed orders of royal advisor. Not agood military leader(example: Russiabeat back Ottomans)

ConqueredConstantinople, thecenter of theByzantine Empire

and caused the fall of the entire empireafter lasting 1,000years

Controlled traderoutes around Med.Sea

Took over land inEurope as far asGreece, Baghdad(Iraq), Tunisia,Algeria

Janissaries-Christian boystaken fromconquered areastrained to be fiercefighters

Advanced weapons: navy, siegecannons, cavalry

Tolerance different religionsunder the Ottomanswere allowed to

practice their ownreligion if they paidextra taxes

In 1800s, the start losing land toEuropean powers in the Middle East

Leaders like Selim start borrowing

money to finance wars and Ottomansgo into debt.

Sultans stop being trained in combatstrategies, stop developing wartechnologies

Internal rebellions fight againstcorrupt Ottoman rule


2/6

Aztecs (1200-1500, Mexico)LE POWER ACCOMP FALLhe Sold by her own mother

Aztecs, she served astor to Cortez and as hiss. She helped Cortez gatherAmerican allies to

row Aztecs. She found Aztec

Made alliances andconquered rivals

Strict hierarchy whereemperor, who hadreligious authority, was atthe top

Had wooden stick that was

embedded with obsidianstone

HUMAN SACRIFICE -Specifically started war toget people to sacrifice totheir gods. This led toresentment and hatredfrom the people they ruledover.

King was messenger of Sun God

TENOCHTITLAN - builtextremely fast, it was veryadvanced capital city witha sanitation system andcreated of natural andartificial islands in themiddle of a lake

AQUEDUCTS used to

carry water to outskirts of water and maintain cleandrinking water

15 million people, manyconquered tribes

Calendar - Based onadvanced study of astronomy and religion, itrecorded the exact date of the founding of Tenochtitlan and predictedthe exact year of the fall of the Aztec Emprie.

(1)Religious sacrifice leadsto resentment(2) Hernando Cortez arrives with small pox,steel, and horses andteams up with local tribeswho want to be free of Aztec rule.(3)He also posed as Aztec

god to gain cooperationMontezuma who was aweak leader with nomilitary experience

Aztec (Mexico)LE POWER ACCOMP FALLhe Sold by her own mother

Aztecs, she served astor to Cortez and as hiss. She helped Cortez gatherAmerican allies to

row Aztecs. She found Aztec

Made alliances andconquered rivals

Strict hierarchy whereemperor, who hadreligious authority, was atthe top

Had wooden stick that wasembedded with obsidianstone

HUMAN SACRIFICE -Specifically started war toget people to sacrifice totheir gods. This led toresentment and hatredfrom the people they ruledover.

King was messenger of Sun God

TENOCHTITLAN - builtextremely fast, it was veryadvanced capital city witha sanitation system andcreated of natural andartificial islands in themiddle of a lake

AQUEDUCTS used tocarry water to outskirts of water and maintain cleandrinking water

15 million people, manyconquered tribes

Calendar - Based onadvanced study of astronomy and religion, itrecorded the exact date of the founding of Tenochtitlan and predictedthe exact year of the fall of the Aztec Emprie.

(1)Religious sacrifice leadsto resentment(2) Hernando Cortez arrives with small pox,steel, and horses andteams up with local tribeswho want to be free of Aztec rule.(3)He also posed as Aztecgod to gain cooperationMontezuma who was aweak leader with no

military experience


3/6

INCA EMPIREPeople Power Accomp Fall

MANCO CAPAC-1200 AD makes thearea around Cuzco,Peru a powerfulempire with the helpof 50,000 men

Pachacuti Expands empiregreatly. Createsstate religion andimposes just laws.He built cities, roads,forts, modernizedarmy with trainingmethod andweapons.

Once very tiny tribe,but had to defendthemselves againstrivals so theybecome militaryempire.

Advanced road network of over 3,000 miles. This helpscommunication when runnersare stationed every 50 miles.This helps squash rebellions.Also build suspensionbridges out of plants that still

exist to this day.

Military used slingshots, shieldsto defend their empires.Military was rewarded with landand it was a way to move up inthe world.

Inca also had calendar of 12months,each month 3 weeks,each week 10 days.

Religious festival every month.

1525- Civil War isstarted between

brothers. Atahualpa wins.

1530- Pizarro comes to

conquer the Incas.

Atahualpa - Isbefriended by Pizarrothen kidnapped forransom. Atahualpagives Pizarro 1 room of gold and 1 of silver forfreedom, but thenstrangles him to deathanyway.

INCA EMPIREPeople Power Accomp Fall

MANCO CAPAC-1200 AD makes thearea around Cuzco,Peru a powerfulempire with the helpof 50,000 men

Pachacuti Expands empiregreatly. Creates

state religion andimposes just laws.He built cities, roads,forts, modernizedarmy with trainingmethod andweapons.

Once very tiny tribe,but had to defendthemselves againstrivals so theybecome militaryempire.

Advanced road network of over 3,000 miles. This helpscommunication when runnersare stationed every 50 miles.This helps squash rebellions.Also build suspensionbridges out of plants that stillexist to this day.

Military used slingshots, shields

to defend their empires.Military was rewarded with landand it was a way to move up inthe world.

Inca also had calendar of 12months,each month 3 weeks,each week 10 days.

Religious festival every month.

1525- Civil War isstarted between

brothers. Atahualpa wins.

1530- Pizarro comes toconquer the Incas.

Atahualpa - Is

befriended by Pizarrothen kidnapped forransom. Atahualpagives Pizarro 1 room of gold and 1 of silver forfreedom, but thenstrangles him to deathanyway.


4/6

TOKUGAWA EMPIRE (JAPAN-1603 People Power Accomp Fall

TOKUGAWA IEYASU - Maden alliance with nearby

warlords but eventually tookotal power for himself and

made himself SHOGUN. Heuilt Edo and unifies Japan.

DAIMYO - nobles whocooperated withleadership and sentsamurai to help fightwere rewarded withland.

ISOLATIONISM -refusing to trade withoutside world or let new ideas likeChristianity.

Emperor- believed tobe divine but used as

puppet by shogun

Shogun- military leader with real power

and controlled govt.taxes

Created a peacefulkingdom where samurailearned about arts,poetry, instead of robbing people.

Ukiyo-e prints andsketches of foreignworld inspired bysamurai

First watch

250 YEARS

HOSTAGE SYSTEM required daimyo to visitEdo annually and giveShogun gifts and suck

up to prove their loyaltyand spend $.

Mathew Perry - arrivesand ends isolationism anduses gunboat diplomacyto make them open theirports

Civil war as merchantsgain power and othersresent high taxes anddebt and people want toput in the emperor backin power and modernizethe country

MEIJI RESTORATION-they change thegovernment to putemperor back in powerand build up navy, build

new military technologyof guns, and railroads.

TOKUGAWA EMPIRE (JAPAN-1603People Power Accomp Fall

TOKUGAWA IEYASU - Maden alliance with nearby

warlords but eventually tookotal power for himself and

made himself SHOGUN. Heuilt Edo and unifies Japan.

DAIMYO - nobles whocooperated withleadership and sentsamurai to help fightwere rewarded withland.

ISOLATIONISM -refusing to trade withoutside world or let new ideas likeChristianity.

Emperor- believed tobe divine but used as

puppet by shogun

Shogun- military leader with real power and controlled govt.

taxes

Created a peacefulkingdom where samurailearned about arts,poetry, instead of robbing people.

Ukiyo-e prints and

sketches of foreignworld inspired bysamurai

First watch

250 YEARS

HOSTAGE SYSTEM required daimyo to visitEdo annually and giveShogun gifts and suckup to prove their loyalty

and spend $.

Mathew Perry - arrivesand ends isolationism anduses gunboat diplomacyto make them open theirports

Civil war as merchants

gain power and othersresent high taxes anddebt and people want toput in the emperor backin power and modernizethe country

MEIJI RESTORATION-they change thegovernment to putemperor back in powerand build up navy, buildnew military technology

of guns, and railroads.


5/6

Ming Empire (1368-1644)

People Power Accomplishments FallHong Wu - Founder of the MingEmpire who led the military, RedTurban rebels, at age 15 and kickedout the Mongols and then rapidlystarts taking over land. Very cruel

and killed rivals.Yong Li changed the capital toBeijing which is China capital today

Zheng He - Marine explorer whogains trust of emperor to go on 7voyages with 10s of thousands of men. Eventually shut down b/c itwas wasteful.

Struggled for power withJapan

Great Wall of China built to its greatest extent

and staffed with guards forthe first time (but theystarted expecting bribes)

Isolationism - Chinarefuses to trade with theinferior cultures of the restof the world.

Forbidden City- A giantpalace only he and otheradministrators could enter which protected himself,displayed his power, andmake him appear God like.

Confucianism

religion/philosophy thatstresses obedience

Extremely prosperous & wealthy

Scientific books including

great medicine booksGeography books andfarming books

Classical Novels Journeyto the West

Encyclopedias

Civil ServiceExamination- a way tokeep your people happyand stop corruption bytesting people to have thebest govt. officials.

Weakened after fallingbehind in militarytechnology and losingbattles to Japan andpeople from North

Eventually fall tooutside invaders(Manchus) who startQing Empire

Internal rebellion hadweakened empirebefore that (corruptofficials raised taxesand made peopleunhappy)

Merchants bottom of social class (Confucius)

Ming Empire (1368-1644)

People Power Accomplishments FallHong Wu - Founder of the MingEmpire who led the military, RedTurban rebels, at age 15 and kickedout the Mongols and then rapidlystarts taking over land. Very crueland killed rivals.

Yong Li changed the capital toBeijing which is China capital today

Zheng He - Marine explorer whogains trust of emperor to go on 7voyages with 10s of thousands of men. Eventually shut down b/c itwas wasteful.

Struggled for power withJapan

Great Wall of China built to its greatest extentand staffed with guards forthe first time (but theystarted expecting bribes)

Isolationism - Chinarefuses to trade with theinferior cultures of the restof the world.

Forbidden City- A giantpalace only he and otheradministrators could enter which protected himself,displayed his power, andmake him appear God like.

Confucianism religion/philosophy thatstresses obedience

Extremely prosperous & wealthy

Scientific books includinggreat medicine books

Geography books andfarming books

Classical Novels Journeyto the West

Encyclopedias

Civil ServiceExamination- a way tokeep your people happyand stop corruption bytesting people to have the

best govt. officials.

Weakened after fallingbehind in militarytechnology and losingbattles to Japan andpeople from North

Eventually fall tooutside invaders(Manchus) who startQing Empire

Internal rebellion hadweakened empirebefore that (corruptofficials raised taxesand made peopleunhappy)

Merchants bottom of social class (Confucius)


6/6

Qing (China 1644-1912)People Power Accomplishments Fall

Kangxi foughtgovernmentcorruption bykeeping taxes lowand sponsoring arts

Yong Xheng sponsoredgovernment reformsby getting rid of head taxes andallowing farmers toprosper, but his nicenature kept corruptofficials around.

Qianlong- under hisrule, the controlledEast Asia culturally,politically,economically

-Manchu outsiderstake over- Didnt dramaticallychange the laws,political structure of Ming who ruledpreviously, so easy

transition madepeople less likely torebel- Queue madepeople shave headsto show loyalty tothe Qing- Isolationism-refusing to let tradeor new ideas come inbecause they may beunstabilizing-Unified countryunder onereligion/philosophy( Confucianism )- Dual System every governmentposition had both aQing leader and anative Chinese

Southern CreationScrolls depictedKangxis rule

Advanced militaryunder bannersystem where

soldiers wereassigned a specificcolor to helporganize them andfight as a family

-European powersstarted taking controlof the land andforcing treaties onthem to monitor tothe Qing govt.

-Europeans sellOpium drug toChinese

- Opium Wars -Qing try to stopEuropeans fromselling drugs, butthey lose this warand must give landand power toEuropeans.

- Internalrebellions against acorrupt govt. (led byWu Sangai)

Documents

Per 7 Notes.masternotes