Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef CO2 Sequestration, West Texas

Bureau of Economic Geology

Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef COCOCO222 Sequestration, West TexasSequestration, West TexasSequestration, West Texas

DOE Southwest Partnership Pilot at SACROC and Claytonville oil field sites

Comparison & contrast between a 30 year old and a new injection site


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Special Acknowledgement to Industry Sponsor Kinder Morgan

Authors; Mark H. Holtz, Vanessa Núñez López, Rebecca C. SmithThe University of Texas, Austin


Subsurface Site CharacterizationWork Flow

Delineate Reservoir ArchitectureDelineate Reservoir Architecture

Ascertain Regional Geological SettingAscertain Regional Geological Setting

Determine Fluid & Rock-fluid PropertiesDetermine Fluid & Rock-fluid Properties

Construct Subsurface ModelConstruct Subsurface Model


West Texas Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef Stratigraphic Setting

Reservoirs produce from Canyon- Middle Cisco age (290-307 Ma) platform and slope carbonates

PER

MIA

N

StrawnCanyonCiscoRegional Wolfcamp shale


M i d l a n d B a s i n

C laytonville

Pennsylvanian reef reservoirsModified from Galloway, et al. (1983)

SACROC

LYNN GARZA KENT STONEWALL

DAWSON

TERRY HASKELL

KNOX

BORDEN SCURRY FISHER JONES

TAYLORNOLANMITCHELLHOWARD

MARTIN

COKE0 20 mi

0 30 km

QAd4569x

SACROC & Claytonville Location and Regional Geology

Aggradationalisolated platform setting

ProgradationalRamp setting


Eastern Shelf Stratigraphy

Whitehorse/Pease River

Clear Fork Group

Wichita-Albany Group

Cisco Group

Canyon Group Strawn Group

Paleozoic rocks undifferentiated

Ogallala Fm.Dockum Fm.

0 25Miles

Seymour Fm.

S.L.

12345

123

X 1000 ftFisher

Dickens

Haskell

Crosby

Kent

Scurry

Stonewall

Claytonville & SACROCProduction zones


Pennsylvanian Reef CO2Sequestration Potential

99

58

0102030405060708090

100

CO

2 S

eque

stra

tion

Cap

aciit

y (M

illio

n To

ns)

HORSESHOE ATOLL EASTERN SHELFREEFS


Pennsylvanian Reef CO2 Miscible EOR Resource Potential

143

123

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

EO

R P

oten

tial (

MM

STB

)

HORSESHOE ATOLL EASTERN SHELFREEFS








Claytonville Canyon Lime Type Log

Top of reservoir

Well 22-3

Gamma rayNeutron

0 150

0.4 0

Cor

ed in

terv

al

Core porosity 00.1

Wolfcamp shale

Canyon carbonate reservoir


0 5,000 ft

N

Originaloil-watercontact

(-3670 ft)

>3800

3800-3600

3400-3600

3200-3400

3000-3200

<3000

Subsea depth totop of reservoir

(ft)

Water injection well

QAd4253x

Claytonville Top of Structure


Lower reservoir composed of

shoaling upward cycles

Cycle TopBrecciaGrainstoneSkeletal pkstCrinoid wkstMudstone


Fractured MudstoneWebb # 35,687b ft


CrinoidWackystone

Webb # 35,684 ft

Bureau of Economic GeologyGrainstoneWebb # 35,778 ft


BrecciaWebb # 35,726b ft


BrecciaWebb # 25,448 ft


Large Vugs

Webb #25,448a








Tasks For Establishing Fluid Flow Trends in a Reservoir

1. Ascertain the initial fluid Properties1. Reservoirs fluid properties2. Overlying water properties

2. Rock-fluid petrophysical properties3. Generate a production time series analysis4. Assess well test data5. Determine flow directions of injected fluids


Reservoir Fluid Characteristics

• Initial GOR: 1200 scf/STB• Oil API gravity: 42• Original oil formation volume factor: 1.510• Bubble point pressure (psi): 1850• Oil viscosity @ Pb (cp): 0.35• Sulfur content of oil: 0.32• Gas gravity: 1.13• Connate water salinity (PPM): 59,000


Groundwater Characterization

• Compile existing data from eight county study area • Identify regional variability of existing analyses, • Additional groundwater sampling (Install 4 new water wells in Claytonville)

major ion, total organic carbon, stable isotopes of hydrogen (D/H), oxygen (18O/16O), and

carbon (13C/12C);Sr isotopes (reservoir brines and shallow groundwater)pH, temperature, and alkalinity field measurements,

• Geochemical equilibrium and flowpath modeling to identify groundwater mixing.


Major and Minor Aquifers and Sample Wells

Claytonville

SACROC

Dockum

Ogallala

Edwards Plateau


Mapping water chemistry with stiff diagrams


Tasks For Establishing Fluid Flow Trends in a Reservoir

1.1.1. Ascertain the initial fluid PropertiesAscertain the initial fluid PropertiesAscertain the initial fluid Properties1.1.1. Reservoirs fluid propertiesReservoirs fluid propertiesReservoirs fluid properties2.2.2. Overlying water propertiesOverlying water propertiesOverlying water properties

2. Rock-fluid petrophysical properties3.3.3. Generate a production time series analysisGenerate a production time series analysisGenerate a production time series analysis4.4.4. Assess well test dataAssess well test dataAssess well test data5.5.5. Determine flow directions of injected fluidsDetermine flow directions of injected fluidsDetermine flow directions of injected fluids


Porosity-Permeability CharacterCore Data Well 22-3

Webb # 3 5682 -5876

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Porosity (fraction)

Perm

eabi

lity

(md)

Average0.034

Permeability Geometric Average0.283 md

Puzzle is in the petrophysics ?


Transform derived porosity

Top of reservoir

Core Transform Log


Summary• The SACROC/Claytonville Southwest Carbon

Phase 2 project is being implemented in a Carbonate Pennsylvanian Reef setting

• Project is a comparison/contrast between a 30 year old injection site and a new injection site

• Progress to date– 3 D seismic and VSP– New well drilled, cored and wireline logs obtained– Subsurface characterization in progress

• CO2 injection scheduled for spring 2007


Thank you

Documents

Pennsylvanian Carbonate Reef CO2 Sequestration, West Texas