Thinley Penjor [BE091919]

B.Ed IV Sec. Sci “A”

Samtse College of Education

Review questions on endocrine glands

15th October, 2012

Mr. Kinzang Dorji

SC 410

Progress check 1

1. Fill in the blanks by selecting the appropriate alternatives from those given in the

brackets.

i. Regulation of activities inside the body brought about by endocrine and nervous

system. (nervous/digestive/endocrine)

ii. Hormones are secreted directly into the blood. (organs/lymph/blood)

iii. Chemically, some hormones are amines, some steroids, and some proteins.

(proteins/amines/carbohydrates)

iv. Both, excess or deficiency of hormones leads to serious consequences.

(excess/absence)

v. Hormones produced in one species usually show similar influence in other

species. (similar/different)

2. Give the characteristic of hormones pertaining to;

a. Site of action

b. Chemical nature

c. Manner of transportation

Particulars Characteristics

Site of action Carried by blood to target orgns

Chemical nature May be proteinaceous, amine or steroids

Manner of transportation Acts quickly

Progress check 2

1. Mention against the three types of cells of islets of Langerhans, the name of hormones

they secrete.

I. Alpha cells: Glucagon

II. Beta cells: Insulin

III. Delta cells: Somatostatin

2. Mention the two principal ways in which insulin acts.

Ans: Promotes glucose uptake by body cells and stimulates deposition of extra glucose

3. Name the following conditions

I. Passage of glucose in urine : mellitus

II. Overdose of insulin makes the diabetic patient unconscious: insulin shock

4. List any three symptoms of diabetes mellitus

i. Has high concentration of sugar in urine

ii. Feels thirsty because of loss of water through urination

iii. Loses weight and becomes weaker

5. List any two effects of adrenaline

Increases blood pressure, heart rate

Decreases glycogen in the lever

6. Name two categories of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

Cortisone

Mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids

Progress check 3

Fill in the blanks with correct alternatives from those given for each;

i. Thyroid is located close to larynx. (larynx/kidney)

ii. Cretinism is caused due to undersecretion of thyroxin. (undersecretion/oversecretion)

iii. Oversecreion of thyroxin causes exophthalmic goiter. (simple/exophthalmic)

iv. The condition in showing swelling of face and hands and sluggishness due to

hypothyroid is called Myxoedema (cretinism/myxedema)

v. The hormone concerned with facing dangers is adrenalin.

(thyroxin/cortisone/adrenalin)

vi. Cortex and medulla are two regions of adrenal (thyroid/adrenal)

vii. One of the effects of increased secretion of adrenalin is dry mouth. (dry mouth/slowing

heart rate/face flushed with blood)

Progress check 4

1. Mention if the following statements are true or false. If false correct the words.

i. Pituitary is of the size of lemon

ii. Pituitary has three lobes-anterior, posterior and intermediate: True

iii. Oversecretion of growth hormone in adult causes gigantism: False,

Acromegaly

iv. Vasopressin secreted by anterior lobe controls reabsorption of

water from kidney: False, posterior lobe

2. Write the full from of;

i. TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone

ii. LH: Luteinizing hormone

iii. ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone

iv. ADH: Antidiuretic hormone

3. What causes the following:

i. Acromegaly: Oversecretion of growth hormone in adults

ii. Diabetes insipidus: Deficiency of vasopressin

Review Questions

A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Name the following:

i. The three hormones produced by pancreas

Ans:

a) Insulin

b) Glucagon

c) Somatostatin

ii. The hormone produced by adrenal gland

Ans: adrenaline

iii. The condition caused by over secretion of insulin

Ans: hypoglycemia

iv. The hormone secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans.

Ans: Insulin

v. Hormone which increases blood pressure

Ans: ADH or Vasopressin

vi. Hormone causing formation of more urine

Ans: Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone

vii. The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system

Ans: Adrenaline

2. What would a child suffer from if there was hypo-secretion from the thyroid?

Ans: The child will suffer from simple goitre and condition called cretinism

3. Choose the odd one out from each series

a. The glands-Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostrate

Ans: Prostrate

b. The conditions- cretinism, myxoedema, goitre and scurvy

Ans: Scurvy

c. The hormones- Insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxin

Ans: Cretinism

d. The hormonal sources- adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary

Ans: Cortisone

4. Choose the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:

a. Larnyx, glucagon, testosterone, prolactin

Ans: Larnyx and the rest are hormones

b. Adrenaline, penicillin, insulin, thyroxin

Ans: Penicillin and the rest are hormones

c. Stomach, ileum, liver, adrenaline

Ans: Adrenaline and the rest are

d. TSH, GH, ADH, insulin

Ans: Insulin and the rest are the hormones produced by anterior lobe of pituitary

gland.

e. Iodine, cretinism, goitre and myxoedema

Ans: Iodine and the rest are conditions caused by under-secretion of thyroxine

hormone.

5. Select the correct answer in the following out of the four available choices for each

a. A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is

Pituitary

Thyroid

Pancreas

Adrenal

Ans: pancreas

b. (Myxoedema/simple goitre/exophthalmic goitre) is a disorder caused by excessive

secretion of thyroid hormone

Ans: Exophthalmic goitre

c. Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the over activity of the

Thymus

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Adrenal cortex

Ans: Thyroid

d. The secretion of ADH is inhibited by

Emotion and stress

Nicotine

Alcohol

Morphine

Ans: Alcohol

6. Match the items column I with those of Column II

Column I Column II

1. Beta cells of islets of langerhans a. Condition due to under secretion of

thyroxin in adults

2. Thyroid b. Glucocorticoids

3. Cretinism c. Exophthalmic goitre

4. Addison’s disease d. Increases heart beat

5. Hypothyriodism e. Thyroxin

6. Myxoedema

f. Adrenal cortex

g. Insulin

h. Under secretion of thyroxin in child

ANSWER:

a. 1 = g. insulin

b. 2 = e. thyroxin

c. 3 = Under secretion of thyroxin in child

d. 4 = f. adrenal cortex

e. 5 = h. under secretion of thyroxin in adult

f. 6 = a. condition due to under secretion of thyroxin in adults

7. Match the items in column A with those in column B

Column A Column B

a. Cretinism I. Shortage of glucose in blood

b. Diabetes mellitus II. oversecretion of growth hormone

c. Insulin shock III. excess of glucose in blood

d. Gigantism IV. oversecretion of thyroxin

e. Enlargement of brests in adult males V. dwarfism and mental retardation

f. Exophthalmic goitre VI. oversecretion of cortical hormones

Answer: a = V, b = III, c = I, d = II, e = VI, f = IV

B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE

8. Mention which of the statements are true or false. Give reason in support of your

answer.

a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.

Ans: True beacause adrenaline prepares the body to meet any emergency

situation, for fight that is to face the danger or for fligh, to run away from the

enemy.

b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related with two different

hormones

Ans: True

c) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodized salt in food.

Ans: True because iodized salt contains iodine.

d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland.

Ans: True because it seems to control practically all other endocrine glands.

e) Hormones “obey” the commands like “enough, slow down or “too little, speed

up.”

Ans: False

f) Gigantism and dwarfism in humans basically depend on the quality and quantity

of the food eaten during early growing age.

Ans: False

9. How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?

Ans: this is because their secretions are poured directly into the blood and not through

any special duct.

10. Mention any two differences between a hormone and enzyme

Ans:

Sl.

No#

Hormone Enzyme

1 Have low molecular weight Have high molecular weight

2 May be excitatory or inhibitory in action Acts as biocatalyst and

accelerate the rate of actions

11. Do you agree with the statement – “All hormones are chemical signals”? Yes/No.

Justify your answer.

Ans: Yes, because they are produced in response to the changes in internal or external

environment and carried out by the blood stream to the target organs.

12. Why is iodine important to our body?

Ans: To prevent from goitre

13. If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries

up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?

Ans: Due to the increased secretion of adrenalin or epinephrine by medulla

14. If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do

you explain this change?

Ans: Because each part of adrenal gland secretes independent hormones and is stimulated

by the nerve endings of the automatic nervous syste.

15. Name the two kinds of diabetes? Mention their symptoms and cause.

Ans: Diabetes mellitus: caused due to hyposecretion of insulin. Symptoms are: high

concentration of sugar in blood, excretes great deal of urine loaded with sugar, feels

thirsty and loss of apetite.

Diabetes insipidus: caused due to hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH). Symptoms are:

low level of sugar in blood and brain may enter a state of coma if level becomes too low

for a few minutes.

16. Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.

Gland Hormone secreted Efect on body

Adrenal cortex (1)

Pancreas (“beta” cells)

………………….. (4)

Anterior lobe of pituitary

gland (6)

Glucocorticoids (2)

Insulin (3)

…………………. (5)

Thyroid Stimulating

Hormone

Regulate basal metabolism

Controls blood sugar

Increases heart beat

Pigmentation in addison’s

disease (7)

17. Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones

produced, their chief functions, the effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in

respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1 – 13.

S.

No

.

Source

gland cells

Hormone

produced

Chief function Effect of

oversecretion

Effect of under

secretion

1 Thyroid

gland (1)

Thyroxine Promotes tisue

metabolism,

growth and

differentiation

(2)

Exophthalmic

goitre (3)

Simple goitre,

cretinism and

myxoedema (4)

2 Beta cells Insulin (5) Promotes

glucose

utilisation by the

body cells

Hypoglycemia

(6)

Diabetes mellitus

(7)

3 Anterior

lobe of

pituitary

gland (8)

Growth

hormone

Body growth (9) Gigantism in

childhood and

acromegaly in

adulthood(10)

Dwarfism

4 Posterior

lob of

pituitary

gland(11)

Vasopressin Increases

reabsorption of

water from

kidney tubules

Elavation

blood

pressure(12)

Diabetis

insipidus(13)

18. People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre. What

could be the possible reason for it?

Ans: this is because of deficient of iodine in salt and as a result the food grown there in

poor in iodine.

19. Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8.

Gland Secretions Effect on body

Ovaries (1) Oestrogen Development of breasts and

thickening of the hips(2)

Alpha cells Glucagon (3) Raises blood sugar level (4)

Thyroid gland (5) Thyroxin (6) Protruding eyes

Anterior lobe of pituitary

gland (7)

Growth hormone (8) Gigantism

C. LONG ANSWER TYPE

20. Compare the hormone al response with the nervous response with respect to their

speed, transmission and the general natural of changes brought about.

Hormonal response Nervous response

Speed Usually slow Rapid

Transmission Transmitted chemically through

blood

Transmitted electo-chemically

through the nerve fibres and

chemically cross synapses

Natural changes Can bring about specific chemical

changes and regulates metabolism

Does not influence chemical

changes and cannot regulate

metabolism

21. Mention any three important differences between the action of hormones and that

of nerves in regulatory mechanism of our body.

Ans:

Particulars Hormonal action Nervous action

Mode of

transmission

As chemical messengers As electro-chemical nerve

impulse

Speed Information travels rapidly but

effects are short lived

Information travels slowly but its

effects are long lasting

Path of

transmission

Through nerve fibers Through blood

D. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION /SKILL TYPE

22. Given alongside is portion from the human body showing some important structure

in ventral (front) view?

a. Where is the portion located in the body?

Ans: located in the front part of the neck

Just below the larynx.

b. Name the structures numbered 1-3?

Ans: 1- larynx, 2- thyroid gland, 3- trachea

c. State one main function of each of the

Structures named above?

Ans: larynx: Voice box, thyroid gland:

production of hormones, thyroxin and

calcitonin, and trachea: wind pipe.

d. Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2?

If so, give its name?

Ans: Isthmus

23. Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain

organs.

a. Name the parts numbered 1 to 5?

1

23

Fig 1 Self-portrait by Thinley Penjor

Ans: 1- pituitary gland, 2- thyroid gland,

3- pancreas, 4- testes, and 5- adrenal gland.

b. What is common to all these parts in

regard to nature of their function?

Ans: these are all gland which secrete

certain hormones.

c. In what way is part 3 different from parts

1 and 5 in a general way?

Ans: Pancreas is both a duct gland as well

as a ductless gland. As a duct gland, secrete

pancreatic juice and as a ductless gland, it has

special groups of hormone secreting cells

called Islets of Langerhans.

d. Name the part that corresponds

to part 4 in a female?

Ans: Ovary

e. Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2?

1

4

5

2

3

Fig 2. Self-portrait by Thinley Penjor

Ans: Iodine

24. Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other is somewhat incorrect)

showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target

organ/cell.

a. Which one has the error – A or B?

Ans: B

b. What is the error?

Ans: Hormone is released in the blood stream but it doesn’t have specific directions

of flow rather it flows through nerves in many directions

Blood stream

Gland

Target cell

Hormone

Cell in gland

Target cellA B

Fig 3. Self-potrait by Thinley Penjor