Penguins, Penguins, Marine Marine ReptilesReptiles

PenguinsPenguins Flightless birdsFlightless birds Endothermic-stable Endothermic-stable

internal temp.internal temp. tight feathers hold in tight feathers hold in

heatheat Fluffing feathers releases Fluffing feathers releases

heatheat CharacteristicsCharacteristics Live in AntarcticaLive in Antarctica Group of Penguins is Group of Penguins is

called a rookerycalled a rookery Very poor eyesightVery poor eyesight Largest -Emperor – 3 ½ ft.Largest -Emperor – 3 ½ ft. Smallest – Little Blue -16 Smallest – Little Blue -16

in.in.

Tobogganing vs. Tobogganing vs. PorpoisingPorpoising

Tobogganing – Tobogganing – when they slide on when they slide on their belly on the their belly on the ice. They push ice. They push with their wings with their wings and feet.and feet.

Porpoising – a Porpoising – a swimming swimming technique where technique where they come out of they come out of the water to get the water to get airair

AdaptationsAdaptationsDense bones so they won’t Dense bones so they won’t crush under water and so crush under water and so they are able to divethey are able to dive

Layer of fat under skinLayer of fat under skinDense feathers that trap Dense feathers that trap airair

Torpedo shaped body – Torpedo shaped body – streamliningstreamlining

Wings are stiff like paddlesWings are stiff like paddlesCountershading (dark top Countershading (dark top and light belly)and light belly)

ReproductionReproduction•lay eggs at the coldest time of year•Most build nests with rocks•egg hatches during productive Antarctic summer•male holds egg on his feet (Emperor) or Female sits on the nest•mother feeds them regurgitated (vomit) food for 5 ½ months.

Marine ReptilesMarine Reptiles

Sea TurtlesSea Turtles – 9 – 9 species species

The largest is the The largest is the Leatherback. It can Leatherback. It can get 2 meters long get 2 meters long and 1,200 lbs. They and 1,200 lbs. They are an open water are an open water deep diving species. deep diving species. They eat jellyfish. They eat jellyfish.

Ectothermic (Exothermic) – “cold Ectothermic (Exothermic) – “cold blooded”. For this reason most marine blooded”. For this reason most marine reptiles are confined to equatorial reptiles are confined to equatorial regions.regions.

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Their top shell is Their top shell is

called the called the carapacecarapace. .

The bottom shell is The bottom shell is called the called the plastronplastron. .

They cannot They cannot retract their head retract their head into the carapace. into the carapace.

Their forelimbs are Their forelimbs are modified into modified into flippers. flippers. Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Pig nosed sea turtle

Sea Turtle Sea Turtle ReproductionReproduction They reproduce in the water.They reproduce in the water.

Females are often confused by Females are often confused by lights/beachside development.lights/beachside development.

A female sea turtle goes into a A female sea turtle goes into a trance and lays 60-100 soft trance and lays 60-100 soft shelled eggs in a hole on the shelled eggs in a hole on the same beach where she was same beach where she was born. Then she covers the eggs born. Then she covers the eggs with sand.with sand.

Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Many are picked off by Many are picked off by predators. Only 1 or 2 live to predators. Only 1 or 2 live to adulthood. adulthood.

> 29.9 degrees Celsius = > 29.9 degrees Celsius = femalefemale

< 29.9 degrees Celsius = male < 29.9 degrees Celsius = male

Freedom!!Freedom!!

Hatchlings attempting to get to the water!Hatchlings attempting to get to the water!

Crabs, gulls and other predators catch them!Crabs, gulls and other predators catch them!

Sea SnakesSea Snakes 55 species55 species Laterally Laterally

flattened/tail is flattened/tail is paddle shaped. paddle shaped.

Most get 3-4 feet Most get 3-4 feet long. long.

CarnivoresCarnivores ViviparousViviparous Rarely aggressive Rarely aggressive

though fatal bitesthough fatal bites

Sea CrocodileSea Crocodile Found in Found in

Australia/Indian Australia/Indian OceanOcean

Avg. 6 meters longAvg. 6 meters long Known to attack and Known to attack and

eat peopleeat people Rounder snout than Rounder snout than

alligatorsalligators Drink saltwater – Drink saltwater –

excrete salt in gland excrete salt in gland near their eyes. near their eyes. (“alligator tears”)(“alligator tears”)

Nile Crocodile StoryNile Crocodile Story A 440 pound (200 kg) A 440 pound (200 kg)

Nile Crocodile bit Nile Crocodile bit veterinarian Chang Po-veterinarian Chang Po-yu's arm off as he was yu's arm off as he was reaching through iron reaching through iron bars to remove bars to remove tranquilizer darts.  tranquilizer darts.  Luckily for Mr. Po-yu, Luckily for Mr. Po-yu, doctors were able to doctors were able to successfully reattach the successfully reattach the arm after seven hours of arm after seven hours of surgery.surgery.

Chang failed to notice Chang failed to notice that the crocodile was not that the crocodile was not fully anaesthetized when fully anaesthetized when he stuck his arm through he stuck his arm through an iron rail to medicate an iron rail to medicate it.it.