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 Pediatric Population: Anisometropia Treatment Options If spectacle or contact lens therapy fails, refractive surgery may be an option f or those children with anisomyopic amblyopia. Louise A. Sclafani, O.D 5/28/2002 Contact lens wear is the preferred method of correcting anisometropia in children, especiall due to the ris! of am"lopia a ris! that increases if the child is premature or has a famil histor. #he tpe and amount of refracti$e error determines if am"lopia will de$elop, although am"lopia is more pre$alent in uncorrected hperopes than in mopes due to the close wor!ing distance of children. %soametropia will result in am"lopia if the child is greater then &0D mopic or 5D hperopic . Am"lopia, the cause of 2'() of $ision loss in children, is pre$enta"le if diagnosed and treated earl. *hildren who ha$e anisometropia ma not show an smptoms if the fellow ee is close to emmetropic. +or the $er oung, parents should note an preferential loo!ing, ee turn, headaches or failure to reach de$elopmental milestones especiall with mo"ilit. %deall, ou should eamine the child " - months of age and then at 2( months if the child is non' smptomatic. %f ou note a high refracti$e error or anisometropia, "egin treatment promptl. eviewing correction options !pectacles. Spectacles, the eas alternati$e for the compliant child, ha$e man disad$antag es, including ' induced prismatic eects with ee mo$ements ' minication of the ee and of the image if high minus ' poor compliance ' pre$ention of fusion leading to suppre ssion. Contact lenses. *ontacts reduce man of these disad$antages , "ut compliance and a$aila"le lens parameters can "e pro"lems. %ll often t a child with onl one lens to e1ualie the power of the ees at the near plane. %nsertion and remo$al can "e traumatic, ma!ing etended or continuous wear preferred if the parents are compliant. 3eep these pearls in mind ' 4peropic corrections are more readil a$aila"le with the use of apha!ic silicone lenses than with high minus powers. ' *ustom'designed soft lenses 3ontur 3ontact Lens *ompan6 will accommodate smaller diameters &2.06 and steeper "ase cur$es -.806, "ut can "ecome epensi$e if the lens needs to "e replaced often. ' A fre1uent replacement silicone hdrogel lens such as *%7A isions +ocus 9ight : Da lens is a$aila"le in se$eral "ase cur$es and in plus and high minus powers, ma!ing it well'suited for the ounger ee. #he diameter &;.8 mm6 is still the main o"stacle. +or a small aperture, .2'.( mm reall ma!es a dierence. efractive surgery . %f spectacle or contact lens therap fails, refracti$e surger ma "e an option for children with anisomopic am"lopia. <efracti$e surger on children has "een performed as an in$estigational procedure. At the =ni$ersit of *hicago, our surgeons ha$e performed LAS>3 on 2 children one was &( months old6. L AS>3 is essentiall ?<3, "ut due to the aggressi$e healing of children, rather than scraping the epithelium, the surgeon

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Pediatric Population: Anisometropia TreatmentOptions

If spectacle or contact lens therapy fails, refractive surgery may be an option forthose children with anisomyopic amblyopia.

Louise A. Sclafani, O.D

5/28/2002

Contact lens wear is the preferred method of correcting anisometropia in children,

especiall due to the ris! of am"lopia a ris! that increases if the child is premature or has afamil histor. #he tpe and amount of refracti$e error determines if am"lopia will de$elop,although am"lopia is more pre$alent in uncorrected hperopes than in mopes due to theclose wor!ing distance of children. %soametropia will result in am"lopia if the child is greaterthen &0D mopic or 5D hperopic. Am"lopia, the cause of 2'() of $ision loss in children, ispre$enta"le if diagnosed and treated earl.

*hildren who ha$e anisometropia ma not show an smptoms if the fellow ee is close toemmetropic. +or the $er oung, parents should note an preferential loo!ing, ee turn,headaches or failure to reach de$elopmental milestones especiall with mo"ilit. %deall, oushould eamine the child " - months of age and then at 2( months if the child is non'smptomatic. %f ou note a high refracti$e error or anisometropia, "egin treatment promptl.

eviewing correction options

!pectacles. Spectacles, the eas alternati$e for the compliant child, ha$e mandisad$antages, including' induced prismatic eects with ee mo$ements' minication of the ee and of the image if high minus' poor compliance' pre$ention of fusion leading to suppression.

Contact lenses. *ontacts reduce man of these disad$antages, "ut compliance anda$aila"le lens parameters can "e pro"lems. %ll often t a child with onl one lens to e1ualiethe power of the ees at the near plane. %nsertion and remo$al can "e traumatic, ma!ingetended or continuous wear preferred if the parents are compliant.

3eep these pearls in mind' 4peropic corrections are more readil a$aila"le with the use of apha!ic silicone lensesthan with high minus powers.' *ustom'designed soft lenses 3ontur 3ontact Lens *ompan6 will accommodate smallerdiameters &2.06 and steeper "ase cur$es -.806, "ut can "ecome epensi$e if the lensneeds to "e replaced often.' A fre1uent replacement silicone hdrogel lens such as *%7A isions +ocus 9ight : Da lens

is a$aila"le in se$eral "ase cur$es and in plus and high minus powers, ma!ing it well'suitedfor the ounger ee. #he diameter &;.8 mm6 is still the main o"stacle. +or a smallaperture, .2'.( mm reall ma!es a dierence.

efractive surgery. %f spectacle or contact lens therap fails, refracti$e surger ma "e anoption for children with anisomopic am"lopia. <efracti$e surger on children has "eenperformed as an in$estigational procedure. At the =ni$ersit of *hicago, our surgeons ha$eperformed LAS>3 on 2 children one was &( months old6. LAS>3 is essentiall ?<3, "ut dueto the aggressi$e healing of children, rather than scraping the epithelium, the surgeon

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creates a mini'pseudo'@ap with a trephine that lifts onl the epithelium. Similar to a LAS%3@ap, the LAS>3 surgeon replaces the @ap after the a"lation. LAS>3, an aggressi$e approachre1uiring general anesthesia, should "e considered onl when traditional methods fail. #hereis much to learn a"out the pediatric glo"e, as well as the nomograms and surgicalinstruments used for these techni1ues.

t a"out to undergo LAS>3. eneral anesthesia adds to the ris!, "ut is well tolerated. I"#T: Adhesi$e patches are more diBcult for the patient toas well.

Correction only the beginning

Once the refracti$e error is corrected, am"lopia therap is necessar to promote the use ofthe aected ee. #raditionall, the main option is patching of the good ee or its spectaclelens. % prefer adhesi$e patches to the pirates patch "ecause there more diBcult for thepatient to remo$e or to pea! around. %nherent pro"lems include resistance or allerg to theadhesi$e patch, as well as non'compliance. An alternati$e is an occluder contact lens with atotal occlusion in the pupil one, usuall - mm. % recommend 3ontur 3ontact Lens.

 Cou ma patch on a full' or part'time "asis. #otal occlusion re1uires careful monitoringusuall e$er one wee! for e$er one ear of life. %f stra"ismus is present, consider full'timepatching. <eser$e part'time patching for those who ha$e the a"ilit to fuse. % tend to "emore conser$ati$e, using part'time occlusion of the good ee for all conditions and greaterperiods of time for more se$ere cases.

Another option is penaliation, in which the dail use of atropine .5)'&) & drop6 degradesthe image of the good ee. 7ecause the good ee cant accommodate, the am"lopic ee isforced to focus at demanding near targets. A recent stud " the 9ational >e %nstitute hasdetermined that this ma "e more eecti$e then patching.Dr. Sclafani ( [email protected] ) is an Associate Professor of ClinicalOphthalmology and Director of Optometric Services and Contact Lenses at the University ofChicago

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Pediatric Populasi: anisometropia Pilihan Pengobatan

Jika terapi tontonan atau kontak lensa gagal, bedah refraktif dapat menjadi pilihan bagi anak-anak dengan amblyopia anisomyopic.

Louise A. Sclafani, .!

"##"$#%$"&

'emakai lensa kontak adalah metode yang disukai mengoreksi anisometropia pada anak-anak,terutama karena risiko amblyopia risiko yang meningkat jika anak prematur atau memiliki

sejarah keluarga. Jenis dan jumlah kesalahan bias menentukan apakah amblyopia akan

mengembangkan, meskipun amblyopia adalah lebih umum di hyperopes dikoreksi dibandingkan

 penderitanya karena jarak kerja yang erat anak. (soametropia akan menghasilkan amblyopia jikaanak lebih besar maka )#! rabun atau %! hyperopic. Amblyopia, penyebab "-*+ dari

kehilangan penglihatan pada anak-anak, dapat dicegah jika didiagnosis dan diobati dini.

Anak-anak yang memiliki anisometropia mungkin tidak menunjukkan gejala apapun jika sesama

mata dekat emmetropic. ntuk yang sangat muda, orang tua harus mencatat setiap preferensialmencari, giliran mata, sakit kepala atau kegagalan untuk mencapai tahap perkembangan terutama

dengan mobilitas. (dealnya, Anda harus memeriksa anak dengan usia bulan dan kemudian di "*

 bulan jika anak non-gejala. Jika Anda perhatikan kesalahan bias tinggi atau anisometropia, mulai

 pengobatan segera.

'eninjau Pilihan koreksi

acamata. acamata, alternatif mudah bagi anak compliant, memiliki banyak kelemahan,

termasuk:

- /fek prismatik diinduksi dengan gerakan mata- 'inification mata dan gambar jika dikurangi tinggi

- epatuhan miskin

- Pencegahan fusi menyebabkan penekanan.

Lensa kontak. ontak mengurangi berbagai kerugian tersebut, tetapi kepatuhan dan tersedia

 parameter lensa dapat masalah. Sakit sering cocok anak dengan hanya satu lensa untuk

menyamakan kekuatan mata di dekat pesa0at. Penyisipan dan penghapusan dapat traumatis,membuat memakai diperpanjang atau terus-menerus lebih disukai jika orang tua telah sesuai.

Simpan mutiara dalam pikiran:- oreksi hyperopic lebih mudah tersedia dengan penggunaan lensa silikon aphakic

dibandingkan dengan kekuatan dikurangi tinggi.

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- 1ustom-dirancang lensa lunak 2345 ontact Lens 1ompany6 akan mengakomodasi

diameter yang lebih kecil 2)",#6 dan kur7a dasar curam 2.&#6, tetapi dapat menjadi mahal jika

lensa perlu diganti sering.- Lensa hidrogel silikon pengganti sering seperti 1(8A 9isions ocus 3ight ; !ay lensa tersedia

dalam beberapa kur7a dasar dan ditambah dan dikurangi kekuatan tinggi, sehingga cocok untuk

mata yang lebih muda. !iameter 2)<,& mm6 masih merupakan kendala utama. ntuk aperturekecil, #,"-#,* mm benar-benar membuat perbedaan.

8edah refraktif. Jika terapi tontonan atau kontak lensa gagal, bedah refraktif dapat menjadi pilihan bagi anak-anak dengan amblyopia anisomyopic. 8edah refraktif pada anak-anak telah

dilakukan sebagai prosedur penelitian. !i ni7ersitas 1hicago, ahli bedah kami telah melakukan

Lasek atas " anak 2satu berusia )* bulan6. Lasek pada dasarnya P5, namun karena

 penyembuhan agresif anak-anak, bukan menggores epitel, ahli bedah menciptakan mini-pseudo-lipatan dengan trephine yang mengangkat hanya epitel. 'irip dengan flap LAS(, ahli bedah

Lasek menggantikan flap setelah ablasi. Lasek, pendekatan agresif yang membutuhkan anestesi

umum, harus dipertimbangkan hanya jika metode tradisional gagal. Ada banyak belajar tentang

dunia anak, serta nomogram dan instrumen bedah yang digunakan untuk teknik ini.

(5(: !r Sclafani mengambil pengukuran kornea dari bayi akan menjalani Lasek. Anestesi

umum menambah risiko, tetapi ditoleransi dengan baik. A3A3: patch Adhesi7e lebih sulit bagi pasien untuk menghilangkan atau ke puncak sekitar. Anda dapat membuat patch menyenangkan

dengan mendorong kakak, misalnya, memakai patch juga.

oreksi hanya a0al

Setelah kesalahan bias dikoreksi, terapi amblyopia diperlukan untuk mempromosikan

 penggunaan mata yang terkena. Secara tradisional, pilihan utama adalah menambal mata baikatau lensa kacamata nya. Saya lebih suka patch perekat untuk bajak laut Patch karena theyre

lebih sulit bagi pasien untuk menghilangkan atau ke puncak sekitar. 'asalah yang melekat

termasuk resistensi atau alergi terhadap patch perekat, serta ketidakpatuhan. Sebuah alternatifadalah lensa kontak occluder dengan oklusi total =ona murid, biasanya mm. Saya sarankan

345 ontact Lens.

Anda dapat menambal secara penuh atau paruh 0aktu. Jumlah oklusi memerlukan penga0asanterhadap biasanya setiap satu minggu untuk setiap satu tahun kehidupan. Jika strabismus hadir,

 pertimbangkan penuh 0aktu patching. 5eser7asi paruh 0aktu patching bagi mereka yang

memiliki kemampuan untuk memadukan. Saya cenderung lebih konser7atif, menggunakanoklusi paruh 0aktu dari mata yang baik untuk semua kondisi dan periode 0aktu yang lebih besar 

untuk kasus yang lebih parah.

Pilihan lain adalah hukuman, di mana penggunaan sehari-hari dari atropin 2#,%+ -)+ ) tetes6

menurunkan citra mata yang baik. arena mata yang baik tidak bisa mengakomodasi, mata

amblyopic dipaksa untuk fokus pada menuntut dekat target. Sebuah studi terbaru oleh 3ational

/ye (nstitute telah menetapkan bah0a ini mungkin lebih efektif maka patch.

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!r Sclafani 2lsclafan>uchospitals.edu6 adalah Associate Professor of 1linical phthalmology

dan !irektur Pelayanan dan Lensa ontak ptometric di ni7ersity of 1hicago