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Games Concept Approach
Games Concept Approach (GCA)There are 3 categories of GCA:Net / Wall TerritorialStriking / Fielding
What is a Net / Wall Game?It is a game in which an object, usually a ball
or a shuttlecock, is played across a barrier usually a net placed at a pre-determined height.
The idea is to play an object in such a way that the opponent on the opposing court cannot return the object successfully.
Common examples: badminton, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball.
Fundamental QuestionsAttackHow to create space for an attackHow to win a point
DefenceHow to defend spaceHow to defend against an attack
AttackCreating space for attack Place the object in an area on court that will
force your opponent to move into a position that will leave space for your next shot Create Open Space to gain an advantage over your opponent.
Attack – Creating SpaceManipulation of the opponent in his/her
own court Moving the opponent up and down the courtMoving the opponent to the left and right of
the courtSending the object to open space and away
from the opponent
Attack – Creating SpaceTo bring out these games concepts successfully, we can exaggerate the playing area and modify the rules.
Attack – Creating Space1. Example of an exaggerated playing area:
use of a long thin court to expose enough open spaces in the opponent’s court.
Conditions: restricted to underarm throws only. Move opponent up and down the court, send the ball to the front and back of opponent’s court.
By attacking the open spaces on the front and back of the opponent’s court, students are in control of the game.
Attack – Creating Space2. Space can also be created by moving the
opponent to the left and right of the court. Use a short and wide court
Attack – Creating Space3. Student will attack all the available open
spaces on opponent’s court, by applying the two concepts taught earlier.
Send the object to open spaces away from the opponent to gain an advantage over their opponent by controlling his or her movement on the court.
Attack – Creating SpaceSummary: Send an object to open space on the
opponent’s court to manipulate his or her movement.
The opponent cannot get to the object in time to return it or the opponent may be physically exhausted by moving round the court.
Attack – Winning a PointCapitalize the space created to win points in
a game. The most effective way to win points is to
attack any weak return shots that are high and near the net.
Attack – Winning a PointHowever in the event that the opportunity to launch a direct attack is not there, learn how to set up for an attack.
Apply the following 3 games concepts:1. Attacking any weak return shot that is high and near the net2. Setting up for an attack by sending the object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court3. Setting for an attack by sending object high for teammate to attack near the net in team games
Attack – Winning a PointUse a long thin court that will expose enough
movement areas at the front of the court. Condition: can only throw the ball
downwards across the net if they manage to catch any return balls above their heads.to stimulate an attacking action in an actual
game, and to allow students to discover that it is actually
easier to attack from the front of the court rather than from the back of it.
Attack – Winning a PointHow to create this advantageous situation: Change the pace of the game by sending the
object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court, making it difficult for him to react to it.
This allows you to attack weak return shots near the attacking zone.
Attack – Winning a PointIn team games, cooperation and teamwork
come into play. Send the object high to your teammate in the
front court for them to attack near the net. Conditions: only one pass allowed except on
service, and all underarm throws unless the ball is caught above the head in the attacking zones.
Applicable to team games with more than 2 players, e.g. volleyball, sepak takraw.
Defence – Defending Space2 defensive Game Concepts: Always return/move to the relative centre of
the court after returning the objectThe relative centre will be (estimated) centre
of the remaining open space (not covered by teammate) when teammate moves to return the object.
Defence – Defending SpaceIn any defensive move, return to the relative
centre of the court. Be in a position to cover all aspects of the court for the next shot. Conditions: only allow underarm throws, and
they must move back to the demarcated points before receiving the next ball.
E.g. mini tennis and pickleball the centre position will be nearer to the back of the court to make allowance for bounce of ball.
Defence – Defending Against an Attack
An eye for an eye!If opponent sends an object to open space
away from you, defend by sending object to open space away from opponent, rather than straight back.
Be aware of the position of opponent in opposing court. Return object to open space away from opponent!
Games ModificationsAimsMeet needs and abilities of students.Small sided games to make students more
active.
ExamplesHeight of netPlaying areaRules/conditions of game/boundariesScoring system introduced to increase
excitement or more no of players.
What is a Territorial Invasion Game?2 teams compete within an area that offers
opportunities for offensive and defensive play. Goal is to invade opponent’s territory to
score. Teams score by moving an object usually a
ball into another team’s territory and shoot into a fixed goal or moving the object across a line goal.
What is a Territorial Invasion Game?Ball carrier chooses between the options of
shooting dribbling or passing while the rest of the team players decide their positioning possibilities.
The opposing team must try to stop the team from bringing the ball into their territory and scoring.
Therefore decisions about who and where to guard are important.
What is a Territorial Invasion Game?Examples:Games with high goals: basketball, netballGames with low goals: handball soccer
hockey floorballGames with line goals: ultimate Frisbee,
rugby
Fundamental QuestionsAttackKeeping possession of the ballScoring: create shooting opportunityScoring: Attacking the goal
DefenceRegain possession of the ball Prevent scoring: deny shooting space
Attack – Keeping Possession of the BallTo win, need to score. To score, need to
have the ball. Achieved by applying the following Game
Concepts: If you are the ball carrier, pass ball to teammate
who is freeOr travel with ball to open space away from
defender (and then pass to free teammate)If your teammate has the ball, move to open
space away from defender to support the ball carrier (take the initiative) create passing lane
Attack – Keeping Possession of the BallHow?Set up simple ball possession games:
simplified uneven-sided game no high passes alloweddefenders must always move towards the ball
carrierattacking team scores every 6-7 consecutive
passes Allow ball carrier to move. BUT team
changes possession when defending player tags the player with both hands.
Attack - Scoring: Create shooting opportunityHow to score?For a line goal/target: create a passing lane
to the scoring zoneHigh goal: move the ball to the shooting
zone (close enough to the goal to shoot)Low goal: Create an open angle to shoot
(ball carrier draws 2 defenders towards him and pass to free teammate)
Attack - Scoring: Attack the GoalLine goal: pass ball with appropriate weight
for receiver to score at scoring zoneHigh goal: send ball with right trajectory
towards goalLow goal: send ball low and hard towards
goal
Defence – Regain Possession of BallAnticipate and intercept the passPressure and tackle the opponentE.g. rugby
Defence – Preventing Scoring: Deny Shooting SpaceLine goal: Stay close to target man & deny
the passing laneHigh goal: Stay goalside & pressure the
shooter when near the shooting goalLow goal: Stay goalside and cover the
shooting angle
What is Stay Goalside?Position yourself between attacker and the goalHigh goal: stay by goalside and move up to
attacker when he gets close to shoot. Low goal: defend goal by moving in right
direction. Shooting angles are formed based on the position of defender/goalkeeper in relation to the shooter and the goal.
good to move out towards shooter to narrow shooting angle.
What is a Striking / Fielding Game?2 teams of players:
one team will be striking or batting an object/implement
the other team will be fielding and throwing the object to the bases
Examples: Rounders, Tee-Ball, Softball, Baseball, Cricket.
What is a Striking / Fielding Game?For batting team
main goal is to score more runs than opponents by hitting and placing the object in such a way that its players can run the bases.
Generally a run is scored when batter gets all the way round the bases and return to the home base without getting out by the fielding team.
For fielding team main goal is to get the batters out
Fundamental QuestionsAttackGet on first baseGet on bases beyond first baseAid runners to move to next base
DefenceDefend spaceDefend bases
Modifications to the GameNo of bases (2 to 4)Batting implement: racquet, ball Size of objectWhere object is pitchedNo of players (5 to 6)Playing area (triangle, square) Scoring
Attack – Getting on First BaseHOW and WHERETo hit the object in order to get on first base
hit the object low and hard into open space, away from first base
E.g. In softball games with 4 bases, where should batter hit to? Left towards third base
Hitting into open space will create time and space for him/her to get on the first base successfully, as the defenders will be drawn away temporarily towards the hit.
Attack – Getting on Bases beyond First BaseWith a single hit.
necessary in situations where only one batter is left and no runners on bases, and he needs to score home run
hit object hard and far into open space beyond infield! Away from the base he is targeting to run.
Attack – Aiding Runners to Move to Next BaseIf there is a runner on any of the bases,
how and where should you hit the object to?hit object hard and far into open space, away
from base runner intends to run to.
Defence – Defending SpacePosition fielders to defend space where
the batter (most probably) intends to hit to. create differentiated point zones for batter to
hit towards to. Move to field object if object is hit to
fielder’s area
Defence – Defending BasesField and throw the object to first base
(immediately!)Field and throw object to nearest base to
which a batter or runner is running to.