PDF of October Issue - IEEE Photonics Society

October 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.PhotonicsSociety.org

Also inside:• Highlights from Summer

Topical on High Power Semiconductor Lasers

• Technology Management Council – The importance

of conversation

Space division multiplexing: MIMO and multimode fi ber communications

Optical wireless communication: DSP with LED lighting

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October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 1

Cover Image:Credit for the photo to Gary SmithPhoto taken at Summer Topicals in Seattle

October 2012 Volume 26, Number 5

24

11

COLUMNS

Editor’s Column . . . . . . . . . 2 President’s Column . . . . . . . . . . 3

News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14• Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Society 2013 Distinguished

Lecturer Awards• Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Award• Nominations for IEEE Awards

Careers and Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18• IEEE Photonics Society Awards Deadline• IEEE Photonics Society 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship recipients• IEEE Technology Management Council

Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26• Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership

Conferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27• IPS Conference Calendar• ACP preview• IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Wrap up• OFC 2013 – Call for papers• International Semiconductor Laser Conference 2012• Optical Interconnects Conference 2013• IPS Conference Management• Forthcoming events with ICO participation• 2012 IPS Co-Sponsored Calendar• 2013 IEEE ITMC – Call for papers

Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39• Photonics Journal Flyer• Call for Papers: – JSTQE: Semiconductor Lasers – JSTQE: Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices – JSTQE: Graphene Optoelectronics

FEATURES

Research Highlights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 – Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical Communications

by William Shieh et al. – Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light Communication

by C.W. Chow et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

PumpSource

λp

λs

Attenuator

Signal

MMFin

LP01

LP11a

LP11b

LPmn

Collimating Lens

ModeCombiner

MMF

DichroicMirror

MMFoutEDFA

Module

6

October 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.PhotonicsSociety.org

Also inside:• Highlights from Summer

Topical on High Power Semiconductor Lasers

• Technology Management Council – The importance

of conversation

Space division multiplexing: MIMO and multimode ber communications

Optical wireless communication: DSP with LED lighting

2 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Editor’sColumnHON TSANG

An important area of applications, driving the research that has led to many of the advances in photonics in the last thirty years is optical communications. The advances in fiber optic networks have sustained the exponential growth of both the internet and today’s mobile 3G and 4G networks. Although many research funding agen-cies today regard optical communications as a relatively mature technology, and place higher priority on other application areas which may have more impact to soci-ety, there is still room for some quite interesting research in optical communications. In this month’s research highlights section we look at a couple of promising new directions in optical communications. Spatial division multiplexing is attracting interest as one of the possible approaches to increase transmission capacity even when all the possible wavelengths in a dense wavelength di-vision multiplexing (DWDM) fiber link are fully used. The first paper in the Research Highlights section of this month describes spatial division multiplexing (SDM) may be used in few mode fibers and the use of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to recover the trans-mitted signals. Today wifi networks are a ubiquitous part of our daily lives. The second paper in the Research Highlights section describes an interesting possible al-ternative to wifi for wireless networks. The approach, based on the modulation of visible light from light emit-ting diodes used for room lighting, is still in its early infancy but already the application of DSP techniques have been shown to allow useful data bandwidths to be achieved using of direct modulation of LEDs for general lighting. In the Career’s section of the Newsletter, IEEE Life Fellow Gus Gaynor shares his experience on the im-portance of conversation in leadership and management. Gus Gaynor is currently also the VP of publications for the IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC). If, like me, you were unfamiliar with IEEE TMC, you will find some interesting information about the TMC in the URL after this article, for example IEEE Photonics Soci-ety is one of the 14 member societies in the TMC. In the Conference section, Gary Smith highlights some of the talks from the summer topical meeting on High Power Lasers held in Seattle in July. January 2013 will mark the 50th anniversary of IEEE and we will have a special sec-tion in the next issue of the newsletter to commemorate this anniversary. I hope you enjoy this month’s articles and as always, we welcome any comments and sugges-tions on we may improve the Newsletter!

Hon Tsang

PresidentHideo KuwaharaFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1, Kamikodanaka, NakaharaKawasaki, 211-8588, JapanTel: +81 44 754 2068Fax: +81 44 754 2580Email: [email protected]

Past PresidentJames ColemanDept of E & C EngineeringUniversity of Illinois208 N. Wright StreetUrbana, IL 81801-2355Tel: +217 333 2555Email: [email protected]

Secretrary-TreasurerDalma NovakPharad, LLC797 Cromwell Park DriveSuite VGlen Burnie, MD 21061Tel: +410 590 3333Email: [email protected]

Executive DirectorRichard LinkeIEEE Photonics Society445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854-1331Tel: +1 732 562 3891Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: [email protected]

Board of GovernorsP. Andrekson A. KirkY. Arakawa F. KoyamaS. Bigo J. McInerneyJ. Capmany L. NelsonM. Glick D. NovakP. Juodawlkis P. Smowton

Vice PresidentsConferences - K. ChoquetteFinance & Administration – C. Jagadish Membership & Regional Activities – J. Kash Publications – B. Tkach Technical Affairs – T. Koch

Newsletter StaffExecutive EditorHon K. Tsang Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong KongTel: +852 - 39438254 Fax: +852 - 26035558Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of Asia & PacificChristina LimDepartment of Electrical & Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 AustraliaTel: +61-3-8344-4486 Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of CanadaLawrence R. ChenDepartment of Electrical & Computer EngineeringMcConnell Engineering Building,Rm 633McGill University3480 University St.Montreal, QuebecCanada H3A-2A7Tel: +514 398 1879Fax: 514 398 3127Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of Europe/Mid East/AfricaKevin A. WilliamsEindhoven University of TechnologyInter-University Research Institute COBRA on Communication TechnologyDepartment of Electrical EngineeringPO Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsEmail: [email protected]

Staff Editor Lisa Manteria IEEE Photonics Society 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 Tel: 1 732 465 6662 Fax: 1 732 981 1138 Email: [email protected]

IEEE Photonics Society

IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.

IEEE Photonics Society News (USPS 014-023) is published bimonth-ly by the Photonics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar per member per year is included in the Society fee for each member of the Photonics Society. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Photonics Society Newsletter, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854.

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President’sColumnHIDEO KUWAHARA

Photonics Technology is Wide RangingRecently I read an article in a premier Japanese newspaper focusing on recent rapid progress in the area of optogenetics, where optical signals are used to observe and manipulate the behavior of neurons in the brain. Recent experimental analysis using mice was reported, and a specific memory from the past could be recalled in mice brains via light stimulation. Com-pared with conventional methods of stimulation using electric signals, the new approach was observed to be better in clarify-ing the effects on each neuron. Optogenetics will be effective for gradually clarifying mechanisms in the brain, and it is also expected to be effective for curing some diseases. Photonics technology is becoming a powerful tool in this area as well.

Another article introduced the recent progress of artificial photosynthesis using semiconductors which can fabricate or-ganic compounds from water, CO2 and sunlight, with com-parable efficiency to plants used for biomass. This would be a significant step towards a solution that contributes to sup-pressing global warming and the exhaustion of fossil fuel en-ergy, while also helping to realize a society that relies solely on recycled energy.

As you can see, “photonics” covers a very wide technology area. I also feel recently, however, that the recognition of this word is still not very high among the general public. Though they know the word “photo”, some explanation is required when we talk about “photonics”. So I want to encourage you, as IPS members, to play a role in propagating and bring greater familiarity to the concept of photonics by publishing compre-hensive papers, and so on. I also think IPS should play a role in volunteering to publicly advocate the value of photonics serv-ing in our daily lives. This kind of activity will promote the recognition of photonics and entrepreneurship in this technol-ogy area.

IEEE TAB Meeting and Several Topics The IEEE TAB (Technical Activities Board) meeting is held three times a year. I attended the 2nd TAB meeting this year held in Boston in June. Active discussions on various topics were held, as usual, such as on adjustments to proposed changes to FOI (Fields of Interest) of several Societies and the approval of newly appointed IEEE officers. TAB takes full advantage of IT technologies in its operations including by distributing and rapid updating of presentation materials through WiFi, and by using electronic voting system equipped with the ability to immediately display results, in addition to off-line commu-nications among participants through the means of SMS. One significant and heavy discussion was on the topic of open ac-cess (OA), or author-pays publications. All IEEE publications now have an open-access option, i.e., a hybrid of author-pays content and traditional subscriber-based content. This time the TAB approved the creation of a rapid-publication, open

access megajournal spanning all IEEE fields of interest. Our IPS already has Photonics Journal, the first open access journal in the IEEE, which now will become a full OA and promote rapid publication.

It was also interesting for me during the June TAB gather-ing to attend a meeting of Life Sciences Council, in which our IPS is participating. Photonics Journal is one of the journals re-lated to Life Sciences Council. Bio- and medical photonics are also becoming important area in the LSC, e.g., several groups around the world have recently tested prototypes of artificial vision systems based on the principle of electrical activation of the retina. I hear such technologies have progressed much re-cently, and are becoming powerful and important means at the intersection of life sciences and engineering technology.

On the occasion of the IEEE TAB June meeting in Bos-ton, I also had a chance to attend the IEEE Honors Ceremony, which recognized innovations and accomplishments that have changed the world or rendered meritorious service to humanity in IEEE’s designated FOI. Relating to our photonics technol-ogy, high performance solar cell technology was recognized.

IEEE Global History Network: As you probably know, IEEE was founded on January 1, 1963, through the merger of the AIEE (founded 1884) and IRE (founded 1912). So 2012 is IEEE’s 50th year, and we’re celebrating it modestly, focus-ing primarily on honoring those members who have been with us continuously since the beginning. Please visit the IEEE Global History Network (GHN)’s website (www.ieeeghn.org). IPS is also celebrating our loyal members of 50 years in our IPS Newsletter and website. In our technical area of photonics, this year we are celebrating 50 years of semiconductor lasers, which were first demonstrated in 1962. This year is also the 40th anniversary of the single mode semiconductor laser, and a symposium celebrating it will be held in Japan on November 6th at Tokyo Institute of Technology, sponsored by IEEE Pho-tonics Society Japan Chapter.

A new joint Chapter, the IEEE Central Illinois Section Geo-science & Remote Sensing Society and Photonics Society, has been formed, effective June 25, 2012. The addition of Solid-State Circuits Society to the IEEE South Africa Section Elec-tron Devices, Photonics, and Circuits & Systems Joint Societies has also been approved.

Prof. Chennupati Jagadish, serving IPS VP Finance & Ad-ministration, received the 2012 ECS Electronics and Photonics Award. By the time this column is published, our flagship IPC conference in Burlingame, CA, will be held, and several IPS awards will be presented to distinguished recipients.

With warm wishes,Hideo Kuwahara

Fellow Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.


Research Highlights

Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical CommunicationsWilliam Shieh, An Li, Abdullah Al Amin, and Xi ChenDept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia

I. IntroductionSingle-mode fiber (SMF) has been the de facto medium for high-capacity data transmission for over three decades. How-ever, the exponential growth of internet traffic at about 2 dB per annum could exhaust the available capacity of SMF in the near future [1]. Consequently, there has been an in-tense research effort in space-division multiplexing (SDM) based on multi-core fiber (MCF) [ 2–4] or multi-mode fiber (MMF) [ 5–7] to overcome the barrier from capacity limit of SMF. Compared with the standard MMF that supports over a hundred modes making it extremely difficult to receive and process the optical signal, few-mode fiber (FMF) (support-ing a small number of modes) has the potential to signifi-cantly reduce the system complexity to a manageable level [8]. Namely, using FMF has the advantage of better mode selectivity and easier management of the mode impairments. By utilizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multi-ple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) techniques, it is expected that N spatial modes in a FMF can support N times the capacity of a SMF. The feasi-bility of using MDM and MIMO in FMF transmission has recently been demonstrated by several groups [5–7, 9–13]. In these experiments, MDM is achieved in two-mode fiber (TMF, the simplest of FMFs) with different combinations of supported modes, e.g., LP01 and LP11 modes [5, 6, 9], two degenerate LP11 mo des (LP11a

+ LP11b) [10], and even all three modes (LP01

+ LP11a + LP11b) [7, 11–13]. We also note that

there has been exciting progress on SDM in MCF transmis-

sion [2–4], and free-space optical communications using or-bital angular momentum multiplexing [14]. In this report, we here focus on the SDM systems using FMF. In particu-lar, we will elucidate the overall system architecture, critical components and sub-system modules for MDM transmission.

II. SDM System Architecture The architecture of N × N SDM transmission system is illus-trated in Fig. 1. The signals are first generated by N transmit-ters. Mode multiplexing of the N signals is achieved using the spatial-mode multiplexer (S-MUX). The signals carried by dif-ferent spatial modes are then launched into the FMF. During the transmission, all the modes on the same wavelengths are to be processed as an entity as an SDM superchannel, namely, they are amplified, dropped and added at the same time without in-dividual mode processing. After transmission over FMF, the re-ceived signals are then mode demultiplexed by a spatial-mode demultiplexer (S-DMUX). The demultiplexed signals are then detected by N coherent receivers. The signals are then convert-ed from optical-to-electrical domain, electrically sampled with high speed ADCs, and finally processed using a DSP module. MIMO algorithm is used for compensating the mode coupling and/or crosstalk in the channel that may be introduced at S-MUX/DEMUX or inside the FMF. It is expected that if the MUX/DEDUX has a unitary transfer function with a rank of N equal to the number of modes supported in a SDM fiber, the channel capacity can be increased by a factor of N times that of single mode syst em [15].

Ch1

Ch2

Chn

SpatialModeMUX

SpatialMode

DEMUXSDM Fiber SDM Fiber

Co-Rx

Co-Rx

Co-Rx

N × NMIMODSP

SDMOADM

Drop Add

... ...

Figure 1. Architecture of an N # N SDM transmission system utilizing coherent MIMO digital signal processing. MUX/DEMUX: multiplexer/demultiplexer, Co-Rx: coherent receive r.


III. Subsystem and Component Des ign

A. Two-Mode Fiber Design and CharacterizationThe simplest method to make a TMF is to design a step-index profile with the V number (normalized frequency) above the single-mode condition (V 2 2.4) and also below the triple-mode condition (V 1 3.8). The TMF we design and fabricated [5] is a customized Ge-doped step-index fiber with a core di-ameter of 11.9 nm, nominal refractive index step (Δn) of 5.4 # 10–3, LP11 mode cutoff wavelength of 2323 nm and loss of 0.26 dB/km. It has a normalized frequency of V = 3.62. Fig. 2 shows the simulated modal index vs. wavelength profile based on the parameters of the TMF we designed. The three images at the bottom of Fig. 2 are measured modal profiles for LP01 mode and two degenerate LP11 modes.

The DMD and loss parameter a can be further reduced in a future optimized fabrication. A few other groups have also de-veloped FMF with improved performances [6–7]. Very recent-ly a novel TMF fiber is designed with low-DMD, low-mode coupling and low-loss TMF using a graded-index core and double cladding structure [ 16] as shown in Fig. 3. The graded-index core design helps reducing the DMD, and the trenched cladding structure facilitate low loss for LP11 modes. The DMD between LP01 and LP11 is measured as small as 0.076 ps/m, and loss for both LP01 and LP11 is lower than 0.2 dB/km.

B. Long-period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based Mode ConverterThe main purpose of a mode converter (MC) is to convert opti-cal signals from LP01 to higher order mode (e.g., LP11 mode) and vice versa. In a LPFG-based MC, mode conversion can be feasibly realized through a periodic grating structure induced by for example, mechanical pressure on a TMF. In a TMF, where literally only two mode (LP01 and LP11) are supported, the resonant coupling happens when the grating pitch K equals to the beating length LB = 2r/(b01 – b11), where b01/b11 is the propagation constant of the LP01/LP11 modes.

Fig. 4 shows the physical design of our LPFG based MC. The TMF used in MC is same as the transmission fiber (see Sec tion A) with mode beat length LB of 524 nm. The coupling efficiency is known to be depending on the coupling length and radius of core deformation. Due to unavailability of such metal gratings with high precision grooves, we use commer-cially available metal gratings with low accuracy groove spacing (roughly ~0.5 mm) and tune grating pitch by adjusting the fib-er angle. Two MCs with nominal 50% (MC1) and 100% (MC2) conversion ratio are made in [5]. The performance of MC2 is reasonable with 17 and 22 dB modal extinction ratio (ER) for LP11 mode for the worst and best polarizations, respectively (at 1550 nm). The modal extinction ratio (ER) is defined as the ratio between the power in LP11 mode and the power in LP01 mode. The insertion loss is around 2~3 dB (LP01 + LP11). In [10] we have fabricated another 4 mode converters, all with nominal 100% conversion ratio. Measurement results in [10] confirms that for all MCs (MC1-MC4), the ERs of LP11 mode can be maintained beyond 20 dB with small polarization dependence and low insertion losses of 1.5~2.5 dB for a 13-nm wavelength range centered at 1551 nm. Theoretically the LPFG-based

MC can also achieve mode conversion between LP11a and LP11b modes if the effective refraction indices of the two degenerate LP11 modes are well separated. A possible solution is to use an elliptical-core TMF (e-TMF) as described in [17].

C. Fr ee-s pace Mode MUX/DEMUXThe S-MUX/DMUX performs the critical function of mode multiplexing and de-multiplexing. Fig. 5 shows a recently demonstrated low-loss mode multiplexer achieved by illumi-nating the end facet of the TMF at three appropriately-placed spots from SMF [13]. Each spot generally excites multiple modes. As long as the three spots are symmetrically placed around the center and the amount of power coupled from a

1.480

1.470

1.460

1.450

1.440

1.430

1.4201.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

Wavelength (μm)

Radius (μm)

Ref

ract

ive

Inde

x n

Effe

ctiv

e In

dex n e

ff

Cut-offLP11a LP11b LP01

LP01LP01

LP11

LP11

0 5.95 54.5

Core

Cladding

Figure 2. Effective modal indices for the LP01 and LP11 modes of the custom-designed TMF. The inset at the top right shows the step-index profile of the TMF.

Ref

ract

ive

Inde

x

LP01

LP11

Radius

Figure 3. Refractive index profile of the OFS-designed low DMD, low mode coupling and low loss two-mode fiber [16].

LP01

LP01LP11

LP11

TMF

Pressure

MetallicGrating

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a LPFG based LP01/LP11 mode converter.


single spot into LP01 and the alternative LP11a + LP11b is exactly the same, the coupling matrix between the three spots and the FMF modes is unitary, which guarantees no capacity loss after MIMO digital signal processing. In practice, insertion losses

of 3.95, 3.85, and 3.7 dB for the 3 ports of the S-MUX are reported [13]. Such a mode multiplexer can be scaled up to support more modes by using larger number of appropriately-placed spots, but coupling from each spot to each mode needs to be meticulously engineered to guarantee that the coupling matrix is still unitary and has low mode dependent loss (MDL).

D. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer DesignIn future long-haul FMF transmission systems, similar to the trends in single mode fiber (SMF)-based optical networks, the capacity scaling will be achieved by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). In such systems, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADM) that support all propagation modes will be a key element for realizing flexible network-ing. As a first step towards such ROADMs, we have recently proposed a few-mode compatible optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and demonstrated add/drop functionality with MDM transmission [19]. The architecture of the FMF compatible OADM can be similar to their SMF counterparts, considering

M1

M1

f1f2

M2

M2 M3

M4

Side View

M3SharpEdge

SharpEdge

Lenses

FMF

Periscope

SMFPort 1

SMFPort 2

SMFPort 0

(a) Spot Generation (b) SMUX (c) Mode Profile (154 km)

Figure 5. (a) Spot generation using mirrors with sharp edges. (b) Experimental setup of the low-loss mode coupler. (c) Mode profile at the end facet of 154-km hybrid FMF [13].

θ = 5°

Thin-Film Filter 1

Thin-Film Filter 2

Collimator TiltStage

Collimator

In

Add

Drop

Through

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of a two-mode OADM.

PumpSource

λp

λs

Attenuator

Signal

MMFin

LP01

LP11a

LP11b

LPmn

Collimating Lens

ModeCombiner

MMF

DichroicMirror

MMFoutEDFA

Module

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of a MM-EDFA [22].


the fact that mode dependence of beam divergence angle in a FMF to be small, which ensures a practical implementation of OADM using free-space components. Such OADMs can be miniaturized and the number of input/output ports can be scaled up by using well-established technologies such as MEMS and LCOS [18]. In our recent work [19], we design and build a two-mode compatible free-space OADM using col-limators and a pair of thin-film filter (TFFs).

Fig. 6 shows the OADM architecture. The TFFs act as a band-pass filter in transmission mode and as a notch-filter in the reflection mode. We use double reflection in order to suf-ficiently suppress the drop channel in output, which would oth-erwise serve as in-band crosstalk for the add channel. We tilt the TFFs by 5° in order to achieve lateral separation of the in/add and drop/through ports in the double reflection configuration. The 5° tilt launch also prevents any parasitic reflection from the drop or add ports from accumulating multiple reflections.

E. Few-Mode Amplifier DesignFew-mode amplifier is another critical component when the accumulated power loss is significant, e.g., in long-haul multi-span FMF transmission. Currently there are two report-ed methods to achieve few-mode amplification, multimode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MM-EDFA) and multi-mode Raman amplifier [20–24] . The setup of a possible inline MM-EDFA is depicted in Fig. 7

In order to generate the desired pump intensity profile, the pump source is first split into N paths, and are converted to a number of high-order modes using LPFG-based MCs proposed in section III.B or phase plate based MCs proposed in [6] or [7]. The variable attenuators on each path control the power distri-bution of pump on modes, and minimize the mode-dependant gain (MDG) of the MM-EDFA. The pump modes are then colli-mated, spatially combined with the signal using free-space mode combiner similar to the one we proposed in section C with an ad-ditional dichroic mirror, which are then focused into a FMF and injected into the erbium-doped MMF. Following this concept, recently a reconfigurable multimode pump has been proposed to excite a MM-EDFA so that by varying the mode content of the pump the MDG can be controlled [22]. The main idea of this reconfigurable multimode pump configuration is by adjusting relative amount of LP01,p and LP21,p, the gains of the LP01,s and LP 11,s signal modes can be equalized, where subscripts ‘s’ and ‘p’ denote for s- and p- polarization states.

IV. Com parison of SDM TechniquesA comparison of SDM techniques is summarized in Table 1 based on devices and techniques currently available. We can see that, despite of its disadvantages like high complexity due to the MIMO algorithm, SDM technique based on FMF has many advantages such as reduced number of devices (amplifier, ROADM), and most importantly, the N times channel capac-ity that can enable future Terabit and beyond optical networks.

V. Conclusion We have highlighted the overall system architecture, criti-cal components, and sub-system modules for realizing SDM transmission over novel FMF. SMF has been entrenched in

the high-capacity optical networks in the last three decades. In the search for higher information capacity, the research community is making great progress in the exploration of emerging fiber technologies based on both MCF and MMF. Many challenges from component to system level are to be overcome before these novel fibers can be eventually deployed in the field. Ultimately whether MCF or MMF can replace conventional SMF will be determined by whether they can significantly bring down the overall cost of future high- capacity optical networks.

References1. R. W. Tkach, “Scaling Optical Communications for the

Next Decade and Beyond,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3–9, 2010.

2. T. Hayashi, T. Taru, O. Shimakawa, T. Sasaki, and E. Sasaoka, “Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber Feasible to Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission,” in Optical Fiber Com-munication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper PDPC2, (2011).

3. J. Sakaguchi, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawani-shi, T. Hayashi, T. Taru, T. Kobayashi, and M. Watanabe, “109-Tb/s (7#97#172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSK transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-core fiber,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Tech-nical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), pa-per PDPB6.

4. J. Sakaguchi, B.J. Puttnam, W. Klaus, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi, K. Imamura, H. Inaba, K. Mukasa, R. Sugizaki, T. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe, “19-core fiber transmission of 19#100#172-Gb/s

Table 1. Comparison of different SDM approaches

ParameterBundled

Fiber (BF)Multi-core fiber (MCF)

Multi-mode fiber (MMF)

Fiber Loss Standard Can be as low as SMF

Can be as low as SMF

Effective Core Area

StandardSmall or standard

Large

Intra-Mode Nonlinearity

StandardStandard or high

Low

Inter-Mode Nonlinearity

No LowLow to medium

Mode Coupling/Crosstalk

No MediumLow to high, can be optimized

No. of Amplifiers N N 1

No. of ROADMs N N 1

Fusion Splicing Easy, low loss

Special splicer, possibly high loss

Easy, low loss

DSP Complexity LowLow to medium

Medium to high, MIMO needed

Cost N # SMF Can be lowAs low as 1 # SMF

ApplicationInterconnect, Long reach

Interconnect, Long reach

Long reach


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Research Highlights

Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light CommunicationC. W. Chow1, C. H. Yeh2, Y. Liu3, and Y. F. Liu1

Abstract—The realization of enhanced efficiency light emit-ting diodes (LED) and the trend to lower costs of LED light-ing systems will facilitate their wider deployment in many applications. LED lighting system with the value-added functionality of optical wireless communication enables the deployment of a communication system with very little extra cost. Visible light communication (VLC) provides the mer-its of secure information exchange, harmlessness to human body, and excellent applicability in some radio-frequency (RF) restricted areas. In this work, we review some recent advances in VLC. We discuss the challenges faced by the VLC and some possible solutions. We discuss and show that using digital signal processing (DSP) can significantly enhance the VLC performance.

I. IntroductionThe combination of power efficiency improvements and cost reduction in light emitting diodes (LEDs) has expanded the deployment of LED to a variety of applications, such as traffic light, automobile lights, display backlights and as well both in-door and out-door general lighting. LED has the advantages of high power efficiency, rigid, compact size, long lifetime, and easy integration in different products. In the near future, LED will gradually replace traditional incandescent and fluo-rescent lamps for general lighting applications. When com-pared with the traditional incandescent light, LED consumes less than half the energy at the same lumens output. Recently, the power efficiency of LED has surpassed that of fluorescent lamps, making it one of the most energy efficient lighting sources in the market. The major LED suppliers (Cree, Nichia, Osram, Lumileds, etc…) are competing to improve their LED output performances. For example, Cree reported achieving a power efficacy of 254 lm/W under standard room temperature testing at 350 mA in April 2012 [1]. Besides, LED is gener-ally regarded as an eco-light source. It can reduce the emission of global warming gases since less electricity is consumed. It is estimated an installation of more than 20,000 street lights in Chongqing, China, can produce annual cost savings in maintenance and electricity of more than USD 3 million and 17.6 million kWh [2].

LED has unique characteristics which make possible new applications not possible with other kinds of light sources. The

LED can be modulated at higher speeds (~MHz) than the tra-ditional lighting sources, such as fluorescent lamps. Hence, it is possible to use the LED lighting for visible light communi-cation (VLC) for in-building optical wireless networks. VLC transmission power comes effectively free as it is already used for illumination. The development of LED-based VLC solution is thus very attractive.

VLC can provide many transmission advantages. Being an optical wireless technology, VLC can provide a cable free environment. Fig. 1 shows the wireless smart home, where the triple-play services (TV, phone, Internet) can be provided using VLC. It can be a secure link between mobile devices, since the light beam is visible, users can securely limit the cov-erage of data broadcast by controlling the area of illumination, unlike WiFi signals which may leak out to adjacent rooms or buildings. In addition as the optical power does not penetrate through walls, there is no interference with users in other rooms. VLC is the only solution for wireless network in some areas where radio frequency (RF) communication is prohibited. It can be used in hospital or in an aircraft for example without producing electromagnetic interference.

The paper is organized as follow. In Section II, we will brief-ly mention some recent developments in VLC from around the world. In Section III, we will discuss the challenges faced by the VLC. Then in Section IV, we will discuss our recent work on the use of digital signal processing (DSP) to enhance VLC performance. Finally, a conclusion will be provided in Section V.

II. Worldwide VLC ActivitiesSince more and more LEDs are deployed to perform the prima-ry function of lighting, the value-added communication func-tion can be realized at very little extra cost. Recently, VLC is a rapidly growing research topic. The Japan-based Visible Light Communication Consortium (VLCC) [3] was formed in 2002 to

1 Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, (Taiwan)2 Information and Communications Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), (Taiwan)3 Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC), (Hong Kong)

VLC to Phone

VLC to TVVLC to PC

(Internet)

Figure 1. VLC can provide a cable free environment.


publicize VLC. In the United States, the Center for Ubiquitous Communication by Light (UC-Light) funded by the University of California (UC) system has been established [4]. It is to en-able wireless communications by embedding signals into the light emitted by next-generation LED in systems for illumina-tion, traffic control, advertising, and other purposes. Besides, the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center [5] has been established to develop new technologies of optical wireless access to the internet with energy savings. In Europe, the OME-GA Project [6] funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7) has been start-ed in 2008. Its aim is to develop a home area network capable of delivering high-bandwidth services and content at a transmis-sion speed of one Gigabit per second. It consists of 20 European partners from industry and academia. An IEEE standard (IEEE 802.15.7—Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Us-ing Visible Light) has been finalized in 2011 [7], enhancing the prospects for commercializing the VLC technology. It covers both the physical layer (PHY) air interface and the medium-access control (MAC). The MAC layer supports three multiple access topologies; peer-to-peer, star configuration and broadcast mode, while the PHY layer is divided into three types: PHY I (designed for outdoor, data rates: 11.67–266.6 kb/s), PHY II (designed for indoor, data rates: 1.25–96 Mb/s) and PHY III (designed for applications where RGB source and receiver (Rx) are used, data rates: 12–96 Mb/s).

III. Challenges of VLC

A. Data RateThere are two major types of device structures for white LED for use in general lighting. The first type consists of a blue LED chip with a phosphor layer coated on top of it. When electric current is applied to the LED chip, blue light is emit-ted and part of it is absorbed by the phosphor to generate sec-ond color—yellow light. The combination of blue and yellow lights results in white light. The other type of LED is fabri-cated by mixing light from the three primary colored chips (RGB). Three chips emit each color simultaneously and at the output white light is produced. The phosphor white LED has the advantage of low cost. However, the nature of phosphor light conversion makes it unsuitable for high speed direct modulation because the response time of phosphor is much lower than the LED chip, and the direct modulation speed is usually limited to a few MHz. This disadvantage has moti-vated some research to improve the direct modulation speed of the white LED.

One of the approaches to improve the direct modulation speed is to use a blue optical filter at the Rx to remove the slow response yellow light. However, this introduces a power penalty as energy in the visible optical spectrum except the blue are blocked and hence limits the VLC transmission distances.

Pre-equalization and/or post-equalization of the LED can be used. 40 Mb/s and 80 Mb/s pre-equalized on-off-keying (OOK) transmissions without and with using optical blue filter; and 100 Mb/s post-equalized OOK have been reported in ref. [8], [9] and [10] respectively. By optimizing the electronic circuitry, a VLC link at 125 Mb/s at bit-error rate (BER) below 2 × 10-3 can be achieved [11]. Instead of using PIN Rx, avalanched photodiode (APD) can enhance the data rate to 230 Mb/s [12].

Another approach to increase the modulation data rate is to employ advanced modulation formats. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (a form of discrete multi-tone (DMT)) can be used to improve the spectral efficiency [13]. By implementing the bit and power loading techniques of the subcarriers of the OFDM signal, 231 Mb/s (using PIN Rx) and 513 Mb/s (using APD) can be achieved in ref. [14] and [15] respectively. 803 Mb/s data rate VLC transmission has been demonstrated using RGB LEDs, which enable the use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to carry different data in different color LEDs [16]. Besides using WDM, parallel data transmission in multiple LEDs using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) techniques can also increase the data rate of the VLC link [17].

B. Duplex TransmissionVLC is a broadcast communication, and providing an upstream communication channel is challenging. Several approaches have been considered, such as using the infra-red (IR) or flash-light LED in the portable device for the upstream communica-tion. A retro-reflector can be used to modulate the incident light generating the upstream signal [18]. The use of radio-frequency (RF) to provide an upstream channel has also been considered. At present there is no concrete conclusion as to

106104103 105–14–13–12–11–10–9–8–7–6–5–4–3–2–101

Am

plitu

de R

espo

nse

(dB

)

Frequency (Hz)

1MHz1.28 MHz

Figure 2. Measured frequency response of a commercially avail-able phosphor-based LED.

Vi ViVo VoR

C C

R1

R2

(a) (b)

Figure 3. Circuit models, (a) the VLC channel modeled as a low-pass circuit and (b) the proposed equalizer modeled as a first-order high-pass circuit.


which solution is the best, and further work is required to de-velop potential techniques and compare alternatives.

C. Dimming ControlAnother challenge in VLC is how to communicate when the lights are “off”. If the lights are usually “on”, VLC transmission power comes free as it is already used for the illumination. However during daytime, people tend to switch off the room lights. In order to maintain the communication link, the LED should be “on”. In this case, similar to RF wireless communica-tions, the power consumed for the data transmission is not free. One technique that may be used is to reduce the LED bright-ness to a level low enough so that people will accept that the light is “off” [19].

IV. Digital Signal Processing for the VLCWhite-light VLC system using phosphor-based LED is cost-effective when compared with the RGB white-light LED; how-ever the slow response of the phosphor limits the direct modu-lation speed. Fig. 2 shows frequency response of a commercially available phosphor-based LED for lighting (Cree, XLamp XR-E LED), showing a 3-dB bandwidth is 1.28 MHz. Hence the transmission data rate will be limited to about 1 Mb/s if the equalization scheme or advanced modulation is not used.

First of all, we discuss using a simple digital post-equaliza-tion finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer to enhance the direct modulation bandwidth. No optical blue filter is used. The ex-perimental result shows about 10 times enhancement of the di-rect modulation speed of white-light LED VLC system. When compared with the previous demonstration using high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumped capacitor and resis-tor [20], this scheme shows an improvement in signal quality and transmission distance, and a 10 Mb/s error-free (BER 1 10-9) transmission over a distance of 1 m was demonstrated.

A simulation using the simple FIR equalizer to correct the VLC channel effect was performed. The electrical-to-optical-to-electrical (E-O-E) channel of the VLC system can be mod-eled as a first-order RC low-pass circuit as shown in Fig. 3(a). The corresponding impulse response (time domain) of an ana-logue low-pass RC system can be written as:

( ) ( )H t texpRC

1 = - (1)

Then the designed equalizer can be modeled as a first-order high-pass circuit to compensate the channel response as shown in Fig. 3(b). The transfer function (in frequency domain) of this equalizer can be written as follow:

( )H

j CRR R

R

1

2

1

12

2~

~

=

++

(2)

In Eq. (1), the 1/RC is set to 1.28 MHz, which is the measured 3-dB bandwidth of the system (as shown in Fig. 2). Eq. (2) was used to model the equalizer, and suitable parameters are selected to compensate the EOE response of the VLC system.

Experiments on VLC have been performed as shown in Fig. 4(a), with a photograph of the experimental setup as shown in Fig. 4(b). A 10 Mb/s, pseudorandom binary sequence

(PRBS) 210-1 data was applied to a single phosphor-based LED (Cree, XLamp XR-E LED via an arbitrary waveform genera-tor (AWG). The bandwidth and the resolution of the AWG were 20 MHz and 14-bits respectively. The sampling rate is 50 MSa/s. The LED was DC-biased at 2V with peak-to-peak signal modulation voltage from 0.1 to 0.5 V. A lens was used to enhance directivity, and the free-space transmission distance is 1 m. The visible signal is detected by a silicon-based PIN Rx, amplified, and finally captured by a real-time oscilloscope (RTO). The PIN Rx has the detection wavelength range of 350−1100 nm with responsivity of 0.65 A/W and active area of 13 mm2. It had a bandwidth of 17 MHz and the root mean square (rms) noise of 530 nV. The bandwidth of the RTO is 100 MHz, with vertical resolution of 9-bit and sample rate of 1.25 GSa/s. The data is analyzed using 1700 bits.

Tx (LED)

PIN Rx

AWG

RTO

PIN RxModule

LED

ArbitraryWaveformGenerator

Lens

Real TimeOscilloscope

Computer

(a)

(b)

Figure 4. (a) VLC experimental setup and (b) photograph of the experiment.

–10

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–4

–5

–6

–7

–8–9

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)

Log

(BE

R) (a)

(b)

Figure 5. BER measured of the VLC system using the FIR equal-izer. Insets: eye-diagram (a) without the digital FIR equalizer and (b) with the digital FIR equalizer.


BER measurements were performed by using the measured Q factors of the different eye-diagrams obtained at different AC peak-to-peak signal voltages. For example the measured eye at 10 Mb/s is shown in Fig. 5. Inset of Fig. 5(a) shows the measured eye-diagram without using the proposed FIR equalizer. The eye is completely closed due to the inter-symbol interference (ISI) generated by the limited modulation band-width of the LED. The BER cannot be analyzed in this case. Inset of Fig. 5(b) shows the FIR equalized eye-diagram, with a significantly improved eye opening. When the peak-to-peak driving voltage is F0.5 V, an error-free BER 1 10–9 can be achieved. When compared with our previous demonstration using high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumped capacitor and resistor [20], the proposed DSP scheme shows an improvement in transmission distance (from 10 cm to 1 m) and in signal quality (at BER of 10–9, peak-to-peak driv-ing voltage is reduced from 1 V to 0.5 V), since the digital FIR equalizer allows a more precise and flexible control of the equalizer parameters.

Then, we further enhance the VLC data rate by using quaternary-amplitude-shift-keying (4-ASK) modulation and

digital filtering [21]. A 20 times enhancement of the direct modulation speed of white-light LED VLC system is demon-strated by using digital filter only and without using optical blue filter. A digital filter and square root raised cosine (SRRC) filter are used for signal equalization. Error-free transmission over a distance of 1 m was demonstrated.

Fig. 6 shows the signal flow of 4-ASK modulation generation using DSP. First, the binary sequence is mapped to 4-ASK symbol which contains 4 different amplitude levels to represent 2 bit/symbol. The up-sampling increases the sampling rate by inserting zeros between the original sample points. The digital FIR equalizer creates a frequency domain compensation for the system channel response. The Tx, VLC channel and the Rx are the same as discussed in previous experiment. A SRRC filter (roll of factor 0.25) is used after Rx. The adaptation process of adaptively-controlled FIR equalizer is to transmit a known series of training symbols, and the received pattern is analyzed. The result is used for adjusting the FIR equalizer coefficients in the next transmission. The estimation is based on FFT (Fast Fourier transform) to estimate the zero forcing equalizer (ZFE) which is the updated FIR coefficients to invert the channel response. The FIR filter has 13-taps denoted as h[t], with the initial setting of h[0] = 3.5, h[1] = 3.5, h[2] = –2.5, h[3] = –2.5, and otherwise h is zero. After 10 iterations, the filter coefficients converged to fixed numbers and the system is stabilized (condition of matched filtering). The optical 4-ASK symbol is shaped with the filter response of FIR equalizer and the transfer function of the physical electrical-optical-electrical (E-O-E) channel. The SRRC filter at the Rx then enhances the SNR of the received signal. The mathematical expression for SRRC filters are described in [22].

BER measurements were performed by using the measured Q factors of the eye-diagrams at different AC peak-to-peak signal voltages, with the measured 20 Mb/s eye-diagrams as shown in Fig. 7. Inset of Fig. 7(a) shows the measured eye-diagram without using the proposed scheme. The eye is com-pletely closed since the ISI and BER cannot be analyzed in this case. A clear and wide open 4-ASK eye-diagram can be obtained by using the proposed scheme, as shown in Fig. 7(b).

–12–11–10

–3

–4

–5

–6

–7–8–9

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)

Log

(BE

R)

)

(a)

(b)

Figure 7. BER measured of the 4-ASK VLC system. Insets: eye-diagram (a) without and (b) with using the proposed scheme.

Estimation ofZero ForcingEqualizer

BinarySequence

4-ASKMapping

Up-SamplingAdaptively-

Controlled FIR Equalizer

Tx

VLCChannel

RxSRRC Filter

Error Analysis

11

01

00

10

11

01

00

10

3.5

–2.5

Coefficients ofInitial Setting

Figure 6. The DPS flow diagram for the 4-ASK modulation.


When the peak-to-peak driving voltage is F1 V, an error-free BER 1 10–9 can be achieved.

V. ConclusionIn summary we highlighted some of the VLC activities from around the world. We also discussed the advantages and chal-lenges of the VLC system, together with some possible solu-tions. Using DSP could be a good choice to enhance the VLC performance. We proposed and demonstrated using a simple digital post-equalization FIR equalizer to improve the band-width limitation of LED VLC channel. No optical blue fil-ter was used. The experimental results showed a10 times enhancement of the direct modulation speed of VLC sys-tem using OOK modulation format. We also proposed and experimentally demonstrated the 4-ASK modulation with FIR digital equalizer to further enhance the direct modulation speed of white-light LED VLC system to 20 times.

Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., under Contract NSC-101-2628-E-009-007-MY3, NSC-100-2221-E-009-088-MY3 and ITRI industrial-academic project. We would like to thank Prof. Hon Tsang of the Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong for useful discussion.

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19. T. Borogovac, M. B. Rahaim, M. Tuganbayeva, and T. D.C. Little, “ ‘Lights-off’ visible light communications,” in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Optical Wireless Comm. (OWC), 2010, Paper 6

20. Y. F. Liu, C. Y. Chang, C. W. Chow, and C. H. Yeh, “Equalization and pre-distorted schemes for increasing data rate in in-door visible light communication system,” in Proc. OFC, 2011, Paper JWA083

21. C. H. Yeh, Y. F. Liu, C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, P. Y. Huang, and H. K. Tsang, “Investigation of 4-ASK modulation with digital filtering to increase 20 times of direct modulation speed of white-light LED visible light communication system,” Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 16218–16223, 2012

22. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, (McGraw-Hill, 2007), Chap. 9


News

Call for NominationsIEEE Photonics Society 2013 Distinguished Lecturer AwardsNominations for the Distinguished Lecturer Awardsare now being solicited for submission to the Photonics Society Executive Office. The deadline for nominations is 16 February.

The nomination form, award information and a list of previous Distinguished Lecturers are available on the Pho-tonics Society web site:

http://www.photonicssociety.org/award-infohttp://www.photonicssociety.org/award-winners

The Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented to honor excellent speakers who have made technical, indus-trial or entrepreneurial contributions of high quality to the field of lasers and electro-optics, and to enhance the techni-cal programs of the Photonics Society chapters. Consider-ation is given to having a well-balanced variety of speakers who can address a wide range of topics of current interest in the fields covered by the Society. The term for the Lecturers is July 1 of the year of election until 30 June or the follow-ing year. Candidates need not be members of the IEEE or the Photonics Society.

Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics AwardThe IEEE Photonics Award is presented for outstanding achievements in photonics. The recipient of the award receives a bronze medal, certificate, and cash honorarium. The nomi-nation deadline is 31 January 2013.

For nomination forms, visit the IEEE Awards Web Site, http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/tfas_photonics.html , or contact IEEE Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 08855-1331; tel: +1 732 562 3844; email: [email protected].

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News (cont’d)

Nominations for IEEE AwardsThe IEEE Awards Program provides peer recognition to individuals whose contributions to the art and science of electro- and information technologies worldwide have im-proved the quality of life.

IEEE Photonics Society members may be particularly interested in the following 2014 Technical Field Awards, whose nomination deadlines are 31 January 2013.

IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contribu-tions to nanotechnology and miniaturization in the elec-tronics arts.

IEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding con-tributions to electromagnetics in theory, application or education.

IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Sys-tems Award for outstanding contributions to informa-tion storage systems, with emphasis on computer storage systems.

IEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) in photonics.

IEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributions to electronics.

IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contribu-tions to communications technology.

IEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accom-plishments in the management of research and develop-ment resulting in effective innovation in the electrical and electronics industry.

IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technolo-gies for outstanding contributions to emerging technolo-gies recognized within recent years.

The IEEE Awards Board administers IEEE-level awards on behalf of the IEEE Board of Directors. These consist of IEEE Medals, IEEE Technical Field Awards and IEEE Recognitions.

Nominations are initiated by members and the public, and then reviewed by a panel of peers. Their recommen-dations are submitted to the IEEE Awards Board prior to final approval by the IEEE Board of Directors.

For nomination guidelines and forms, visit http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/information.html. Questions? Con-

tact IEEE Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA; tel.: +1 732 562 3844; fax: +1 732 981 9019; e-mail: [email protected].

Complete List of IEEE Technical Field AwardsIEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contribu-tions to nanotechnology and miniaturization in the elec-tronics arts • Award consists of a certificate and honorarium

IEEE Biomedical Engineering Award for outstanding contributions to the field of biomedical engineering• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Component Packaging Manufacturing Technol-ogy Award for meritorious contributions to, the advance-ment of components, electronic packaging or manufacturing technologies.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Control Systems Award for outstanding contribu-tions to control systems engineering, science, or technology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding con-tributions to electromagnetics in theory, application or education.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award for outstanding contribution to the advancement of speech and/or audio signal processing.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contribu-tions to solid-state devices and technology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Herman Halperin Electric Transmission and Distribution Award for outstanding contributions to electric transmission and distribution.• Award consists of a certificate and honorarium


News (cont’d)

IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award for outstanding contributions in the field of consumer elec-tronics technology.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Internet Award for network architecture, mobility and/or end-use applications.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Sys-tems Award for outstanding contributions to information storage systems, with emphasis on computer storage sys-tems.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and

honorarium

IEEE Richard Harold Kaufmann Award for outstand-ing contributions in industrial systems engineering.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Joseph F. Keithley Award in Instrumentation and Measurement for outstanding contributions in elec-trical measurements.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and cash

honorarium

IEEE Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Award for outstanding contributions to the fundamentals of any aspect of electron-ic circuits and systems that has a long-term significance or impact.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Award for Graduate Teach-ing for inspirational teaching of graduate students in the IEEE fields of interest.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and

honorarium

IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communica-tions Award for outstanding contributions to the integra-tion of computers and communications. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and hono-

rarium

IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award for outstanding contribution(s) to the advancement of power electronics.

• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technolo-gies for outstanding contributions to emerging technolo-gies recognized within recent years. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Cir-cuits for outstanding contributions to solid-state circuits. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accom-plishments in the management of research and develop-ment resulting in effective innovation in the electrical and electronics industry. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) in photonics. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Award for contribu-tions in the field of robotics and automation. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award for outstanding contribution(s) to the advancement of the design, prac-tice, techniques, or theory in biologically and linguistically motivated computational paradigms including but not limited to neural networks, connectionist systems, evolu-tionary computation, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligent systems in which these paradigms are contained. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributions to electronics. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award for outstanding contributions to the field of nuclear and plasma sciences and engineering.• Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium


News (cont’d)

IEEE Innovation in Societal Infrastructure Award for significant technological achievements and contributions to the establishment, development, and proliferation of innovative societal infrastructure systems through the ap-plication of information technology with an emphasis on distributed computing systems.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award for exceptional contributions to the development and/or advancement of standards in electrical and electronics engineering. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contribu-tions to communications technology. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and

honorarium

IEEE Nikola Tesla Award for outstanding contributions to the generation and utilization of electric power. • Award consists of a plaque and honorarium

IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award for outstanding early to mid-career contributions to technologies holding the promise of innovative applications.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

IEEE Transportation Technologies Award for advances in technologies within the fields of interest to the IEEE as applied in transportation systems.• Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

IEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award for inspirational teaching of undergraduate students in the fields of interest of IEEE. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium


Careers and Awards

Effective 2012, nomination deadlines for the IEEE Photonics SocietyAwards are listed as follows:

Award Nomination deadline

Distinguished Lecturer Awards 16 February

Aron Kressel Award 5 AprilEngineering Achievement Award 5 AprilQuantum Electronics Award 5 AprilWilliam Streifer Scientific Achievement Award 5 April

Distinguished Service Award 30 April

Graduate Student Fellowship 30 May

John Tyndall Award 10 August

Young Investigator Award 30 September


The IEEE Photonics Society established the Gradu-ate Student Fellowship Program to provide Graduate Fellowships to outstanding Photonics Society student members pursuing graduate education within the Pho-tonics Society field of interest. Applicants are normally in their penultimate year of study and receive the award for their final year and must be a Photonics Society stu-dent member. Recipients are apportioned geographi-cally in approximate proportion to the numbers of stu-dent members in each of the main geographical regions (Americas, Europe/Mid-East/Africa, Asia/Pacific). There are 10 Fellows per year. The deadline for nominations is 30 May.

The presentation will be made during the Awards Cere-mony at the 2012 IEEE Photonics Conference at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California, USA on Monday 24th

September, 2012.

The IEEE Photonics Society is proud to present the re-cipients of our 2012 Graduate Student Fellows:Tingyi Gu—Columbia UniversityJens Hofrichter—Eindhoven University of Technology Domaniç Lavery—University College London William Loh—Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dan Luo—Nanyang Technological UniversityHiva Shahoei—University of OttawaYan Shi—Eindhoven University of TechnologyKe Wang—University of MelbourneJin Yan—University of Central FloridaYue Zhou—University of Hong Kong

Tingyi Gu received the B.Eng. degree in Information Technol-ogy from Shanghai Jiaotong Uni-versity (SJTU), Shanghai, China in 2008, and the M. Sc. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University, New York, NY, in 2010.

She worked at Center for High Technology, University of New Mexico, NM, about one year and half on colloidal quantum dots optical calibration and the InAs quantum dots solar cell measurement and modeling. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree at Columbia University, in optical nanostructure laboratory. Her current research focuses on understanding the opto-electronic properties of semiconductor in nanostructured devices, as well as wiring them to implementation in inte-grated photonic circuits.

She has authored and coauthored 7 journal publications in stellar scientific journals including Nature Photonics, and 14 conference papers. She presented at various pres-tigious academic conferences including Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics (CLEO), SPIE photonics west, Frontier in Optics (FiO), and Materials Research Society (MRS). She joined Optical Society of America (OSA) and The International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) on 2009, IEEE photonics and New York Academy of Sci-ence on 2010.

Jens Hofrichter studied electrical engineering at the Dresden Uni-versity of Technology, Germany from 2003 to 2006. From 2005 to 2006 he was research assistant at GTW- TUD GmbH, work-ing on high- speed SiGe bipolar transistors. In 2006 he moved to RWTH Aachen, Germany, where

he received the Dipl.-Ing. (equivalent to MSc) degree in Electrical Engineering under the supervision of Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kurz in 2009. He has been with AMO GmbH Aachen from 2007 to 2009, working on x-ray de-tectors, low-noise JFETs and CMOS compatible synthesis methods of graphene. After completing an internship in 2008 working on grating couplers, he re-joined IBM in 2009, where he is currently working towards his PhD in collaboration with Prof. H.J.S. Dorren’s group, the COBRA Research Institute, TU Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands.

His current research focus is on the simulation, fabri-cation and measurement of III-V devices heterogeneously integrated on silicon photonics, as well as on coupling schemes for silicon photonics. Jens Hofrichter is a member of IEEE Photonics Society and has authored more than 10 scientific publications as first author in the fields of gra-phene research, silicon photonics and optical signal pro-cessing. In 2011 he was awarded with IBM’s First Plateau Invention Achievement Award, and in 2012 he received the IEEE Photonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship.

“It is my great honor to receive the IEEE Photonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship. I’d like to em-phasize that this award is also the result of the excellent collaboration between IBM Research—Zurich and TU Eindhoven University of Technology, in particular Prof. Dr. H.J.S. Dorren, Dr. O. Raz and the COBRA clean-room staff.”

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship

Careers and Awards (cont’d)



Domaniç Lavery was born in Sur-rey, England in 1987. In 2005 he undertook an MPhys degree in The-oretical Physics at the University of Durham, Durham, United King-dom, which was awarded in June 2009. For his master’s degree, he completed a project with the Insti-tute for Particle Physics Phenome-

nology, with a thesis on extra dimensions in particle theory.In late 2009 he was awarded an EPSRC (Engineer-

ing and Physical Sciences Research Council) industrial CASE scholarship with Oclaro to undertake a Ph.D with the Optical Networks Group at University College Lon-don, London, United Kingdom, under the supervision of Dr. Seb Savory. His research focuses on the use of digital coherent transceivers to increase the capacity and reach of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PON).

Mr. Lavery has authored/co-authored 13 peer-reviewed journal publications and conference papers in the field of optical communications, including a post-deadline paper at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2012. He is also actively involved as a reviewer for several journal publications.

William Loh received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 2007, and the M.S. degree in Electri-cal Engineering from the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2009. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering as an active member of the Integrated Pho-

tonics Initative (IPI) collaboration between the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and the MIT campus. He is jointly advised by Dr. Paul Juodawlkis of the Lincoln Laboratory and Prof. Rajeev Ram of the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department.

His research interests include novel structures and schemes for semiconductor optical devices, microwave-photonic oscillators for synthesis of low-noise RF signals, physics of noise processes in oscillators and optoelectronic systems, and modeling of optical phenomena in photon-ic systems and devices. His project combines various as-pects of theory, device fabrication, and system testing for the demonstration of high-performance microwave pho-tonic systems using novel slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) technology.

Mr. Loh has currently published 8 journal papers (5 as first author), 15 conference papers, and 1 book chapter (as a coauthor). He serves as a reviewer for both the Photon-

ics Technology Letters and the Photonics Journal. He is a student member of IEEE and the IEEE Photonics Society.

Dan Luo was born in Hunan, Chi-na, in 1981. He received his B. S. degree in Optoelectronics Engineer-ing from T ianjin University, China in 2004 and Ph. D. degree in Elec-trical and Electronic Engineering from Nanyang Technological Uni-versity, Singapore in 2012.

Luo’s research interests include liquid crystal based photonic devices, holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, photonic crystals, and diffractive optical elements, etc. He has authored/coauthored 17 peer-reviewed journal articles, and 2 international conferences pa-pers. In recognition to his research work, he has been awarded the 2011 Otto Lehmann Award as the global sole winner (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), the 2011 Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed Students Abroad, the 2012 SPIE Scholarship in Optics and Photonics.

Luo is also active in academic services, he served in IEEE PS Singapore student branch as the Secretary and V ice President respectively from 2009 to 2011, and in the 1st Postgraduate student conference in Singapore as the Gen-eral Chair in 2010.

Hiva Shahoei received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran, in 2005, and the M.Sc. de-gree in electrical engineering from Tehran Polytechnic University, Teh-ran, Iran, in 2008. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering

in the Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, under the supervision of Prof. Jianping Yao.

Her current research area, Microwave Photonics, is an interdisciplinary field that studies the interaction between microwaves and light waves. Her current research focus on investigating innovative techniques for generating and processing microwaves in the optical domain, generating slow and fast lights based on fiber Bragg gratings for appli-cations such as optical and wireless communication, medi-cal imaging and modern instrumentation.

Until now, she has authored 10 peer-reviewed journal publications and eight international conference papers. She has received the 2009 University of Ottawa Doctoral Re-search Scholarship, third place at the 2012 University of



Ottawa research poster competition, and IEEE Photonics Society 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship.

“It is my great honor to receive the 2012 IEEE Pho-tonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship. I would like to thank my thesis supervisor, Prof. Jianping Yao, for his continuous support.”

Yan Shi received her B.Eng. degree in electronic information engineer-ing from Jilin University, Changc-hun, China, in 2006 and the M.Sc. degree in electronics science and technology from Zhejiang Univer-sity, Hangzhou, China in 2008. Fol-lowing that, she started her research at ALCATEL-LUCENT Inc. (Shang-

hai) as a software engineer in mobile access department. Her research was focused on the software architecture design for the 4G wireless technology- LTE.

In May 2009, she started working towards the PhD degree under the supervision of Prof. Ton Koonen in the ECO group of COBRA research institute at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Nether-lands, where she has conducted research in the area of ultra wideband wireless and multi-format services transmission over large core PolyMethyl MethaAcrylate (PMMA) plas-tic optical fibers for high-capacity in-home networks. Her Ph.D work has been performed in the European Union FP7 project POF-PLUS, ALPHA, and EURO-FOS.

She has authored and co-authored more than 40 publi-cations in peer-reviewed journals, international conferences and book chapters. She has also regularly served as a review-er for IEEE /OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology and IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. She was awarded with the National Scholarship (2003), Excellent Student Honor (2003-2006), and Graduate Student Scholarship (2007). She was the award winner of the Rising Star Showcase at the International Broadcasting Conference (IBC) in 2011 and one of the recipients of IEEE Photonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship in 2012.

Ke Wang was born in Xuzhou (Chi-na) in 1988 and received the B.Sc. degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2009. He joined National ICT Australia—V ictoria Research Laboratory (NICTA-VRL), Depart-ment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of

Melbourne, Australia, as a Ph.D. candidate in 2010. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. degree under the joint supervision of Prof. Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, A/Prof.

Christina Lim, and Prof. Efstratios Skafidas. His research is mainly on the optical wireless technologies for high-speed wireless communications in personal area networks (PANs) and reconfigurable free space card-to-card optical intercon-nects. He has published over 30 papers in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences as the first author. He has also been invited to give a 3.5-hours tutorial at the 2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photon-ics (MWP).

Mr. Wang is a Student Member of IEEE Photonics Soci-ety (IPS) and Optical Society of America (OSA). He serves as a reviewer for IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, Optics Express, Optics Letters, Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, and IEEE Transactions on Communications. He was the recipient of Melbourne International Research Scholarship, Melbourne International Fee Remission Schol-arship, NICTA Special Top-Up Scholarship, Melbourne Abroad Travelling Scholarship, and M. A. Bartlett Research Scholarship. In addition, he received the Best Student Paper Award (2nd place) at the 2011 International Topical Meet-ing on Microwave Photonics (MWP) and the 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Japan Young Scientist Award (1st

place).

Jin Yan received her B.S. from Zhe-jiang University, China, and is cur-rently a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate at College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida. Her research focuses on device phys-ics and applications of blue phase liquid crystals. Blue phase liquid crystals exhibit several revolutionary

features, such as submillisecond response time, no need for surface alignment layers, isotropic dark state, etc. There-fore, it holds great potential for next-generation display and photonics applications. Currently, she has 19 journal publications and a couple of conference papers, including several invited talks. She is also the president of SID student chapter at UCF.

Yue Zhou received the B. Eng. de-gree in electronic engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, in 2008. He is cur-rently working towards the Ph. D. degree under the supervision of Prof. Kenneth K. Y. Wong in the Depart-ment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR,

China. He was a visiting student at the Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),



Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2011. His current research interests include fiber optical parametric amplifiers, fiber optical parametric oscillators, mode-locked fiber lasers, and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification systems.

Mr. Zhou has authored and co-authored more than 30 papers in leading technical journals and international conferences, including seven first-author papers in peer reviewed journals. He is a Student Member of the IEEE Photonics Society and Optical Society of America (OSA). He was the recipient of the 1st Runner Up Best

Paper Award in the 10th IEEE Photonics Society Hong Kong Chapter Postgraduate Conference in 2009. He serves as reviewer for Optical Letters, Optics Express and Journal of Modern Optics.

“It is my great honor to receive the IEEE Photonics So-ciety Graduate Student Fellowship in 2012. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for the generous support from all the people I have been working with, especially Prof. Kenneth K. Y. Wong, Prof. Franz X. Kaertner and Dr. Guoqing Chang.”

The competence to lead determines career success whether you are a manager, a technical professional interested in management, or one who plans to continue as a specialist. One key requirement for leadership is the ability to com-municate effectively, not only within your discipline, but also among different disciplines and organizational func-tions and at many different levels.

Bob Lutz1, at the time the retired Vice Chairman of the Chrysler Corporation, noted that “Engineers need to be like anybody else in business, proactive and somewhat outgoing. And they need to reach outside specific techni-cal areas. Mainly, engineers need to be good communica-tors, because there is no point in achieving an engineering breakthrough, having a new idea, or coming up with a new material, if you can’t get your colleagues excited about it.” Lutz warns us of the need to communicate clearly and con-cisely not only within our disciplines, but also across orga-nizations. We tend to communicate in terms of F = MA and E = IR, algorithms, simulations, and models. Many resources are available for help in developing communica-tion skills. It may not be too late to learn. But, we need to expand the meaning of the word “communicate” because communication involves more than the ability to speak and write. David Whyte, poet, author of several books, a degree in marine zoology, a leader of anthropological and natural history, brings some interesting insights to communication as it relates to leadership and management.

Whyte2 considers the following points as barriers to communication: 1) Entering any situation in which you do not have the language, 2) Disregarding the impact of the conversation we’re not having, 3) Cutting off the conversation

too early, 4) Recognizing that the situation influences the language we use. Whyte considers “will” as an elaborative mechanism. As an example; once you decide to build a house and where, that’s when “will” comes in—until that time it is conversation. These barriers eloquently describe the requirements for communications to be meaningful and of value. We reach barrier one when the communica-tor fails to convey the content in its context, at the appro-priate level, and in understandable language: the audience will fail not only to grasp its significance, but also lose interest and tend to disregard it. You’ve most likely ex-perienced situations where the conversation we’re not having caused future problems. Every important conversation in-cludes sensitive issues that are often disregarded. We have all heard the expression “let’s not go there” only to find out later that that’s where we should have gone. Doing due dili-gence requires exploring the sensitive and often controver-sial issues. If we stop the conversation too early, without considering the impact on others in the chain of meeting a commitment, we interject conditions that eventually require not only physical, but also mental rework. Those project knockouts, the things that unless resolved lead to fail-ure, must be addressed now, not later. If we fail to con-sider the social, operational, and economic environment in which we operate, we exacerbate the communication process. The global economy has complicated conversa-tion. We assume that we and others understand. Commu-nicating in diverse cultures requires understanding, not only how those cultures speak to each other, but also how they speak to others. That requires some understanding of cultural origins and history.

Leadership: The Importance of Communication or Conversation Gerard H. (Gus) Gaynor, Technology Management Council, VP Publications,IEEE Life Fellow, Director of Engineering 3M, Retired



Finally, the searching for facts and knowledge, analyz-ing problems and opportunities, developing various scenar-ios, and reaching an acceptable decision is just conversation until someone demonstrates the “will” to make-it-happen. However, those having the “will” to make-it-happen will increasingly be required to move the conversation to a higher level: the real conversation begins after a project has been approved.

I suggest that we elevate our view of communication and begin removing some of the barriers. Research shows that the record of meeting project requirements, schedules, and costs does not generate a great deal of confidence in future performance. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir3 include their research and that of The Standish Group to demonstrate the situation. Their research, over a fifteen year period on more than 600 projects in business, government, and the not-for-profit sector, and in various countries, found that about 85 percent of projects overran scheduled time by 70 percent and budget by 60 percent. The Standish Group, in 2000, found that only 28 percent of IT proj-ects were successful, and estimated that of the $382 bil-lion spent on IT projects in 2003 yielded $82 billion in total waste. I urge you to review your organization’s project performance and begin the conversation, not with the intent of placing blame, but understanding why. The blame chain begins at the executive levels and flows down through the organization.

Finally, make sure everyone understands the language of the conversation, which must be comprehensive; includes resolution of the knockouts; and continues until critical is-sues and their coherent solutions are identified.

References1. Peter M. Tobia. “Robert Lutz Gives Engineers the

Nod,” IEEE. Today’s Engineer. Vol. 2–1, pp. 6–11.2. David Whyte, Personal notes from a radio broadcast. 3. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir, Reinventing Project Man-

agement (Boston: Harvard. Business School Press, 2007), pp. 5–7.

IEEE Technology Management Council: Who are we and what do we do?The IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC) pro-vides information and services to IEEE members and the worldwide audience of practitioners and researchers en-gaged in the profession of engineering, technology, and innovation management. TMC has 14 member societies which contribute material support as well as representa-tives to the TMC Board of Governors so that the TMC can best provide the needs of the societies’ members. Please visit the IEEE TMC website at http://www.ieeetmc.org to find out the TMC member societies and their representa-tives. You can also find out information about our flagship conference and our publications.

“Nick” Cartoon Series by Christopher Doerr




Membership Section

Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership

New Senior Members

There are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member:• The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence• An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display.• Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership.• A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade (upon the request of the

newly elected Senior Member.)• Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices.• Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions.• Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants.• Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.

The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, techni-cal executive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least ten years and shall have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years.

To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version. For more information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: http://www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.html

Peter Huggard Tien-Chang Lu Sung-Jin ParkMona Jarrahi Jose Roberto Mazariegos Sergei K TuritsynHyun Jae Kim Hon Yu Ng


Conference Section

www.ipc-ieee.org

WWW. SPHOTONICSCONFERENCES.ORGO

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY CONFERENCE CALENDAR

2012International Semiconductor Laser Conference

JOIN US!7-10 October 2012, San Diego Mission Valley Marriott, San Diego, California USA

www.islc-ieee.org

2013Optical Interconnects Conference

5-8 May 2013, Eldorado Hotel and Spa, Santa Fe, New Mexico USAwww.oi-ieee.org

Summer Topicals Meeting Series 8-10 July 2013, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii USA

www.sum-ieee.org

10th International Conference on Group IV Photonicswww.gfp-ieee.org

Avionics, Fiber-Optics & Photonics Conference1-3 October 2013 Holiday Inn on the Bay, San Diego, California USA

www.avfop-ieee.org

IEEE Photonics Conference8-12 September 2013, Hyatt Regency Bellevue, Bellevue, Washington USA

www.ipc-ieee.org

2014IEEE Photonics Conference

12-16 October 2014, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, San Diego, California USA

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Introduction to the conference - Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP) is Asia’s premier confer-ence in the Pacific Rim for photonics technologies, includ-ing optical communications, biophotonics, nanophotonics, illumination and applications in energy. The event will take place 7–10 November, 2012, Guangzhou (Canton), China. Five technical societies—OSA, SPIE, IEEE Photonics Society, Chinese Optical Society, and Chinese Institute of Communications—have joined together to co-sponsor the ACP 2012 conference.

Highlights: The ACP technical conference features a full suite of plenary talks, invited talks, contributed talks, tutorials, poster presentations, and post-deadline talks, to be given by international academic and industrial research-ers. The number of submissions is over 600 for ACP 2012, representing one of the largest optical communications and photonics conferences in the Asia-Pacific region. The plena-ry session will be featuring four high-profile speakers from the academia (including Prof. Stefan W. Hell, who will be

speaking on “High Resolution Optical Microscopy”) and from the industry (including Dr. Zhengmao Li, Executive Vice President of China Mobile). The conference also fea-tures a whole-day Industrial Forum consisting of two work-shops, one on Huawei’s communication technologies, and the other on high-speed optical transmission technologies of other leading international companies. There are three other workshops organized by pioneering researchers on “Photonic Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Com-puters and Networks”, “Biophotonics challenges-Research frontiers vs. biomedical applications in the real world and commercialization”, and “Energy efficient optical commu-nications and networking”. In addition, a mini Symposium on Advanced Photonics Materials is scheduled.

ACP provides an ideal venue to keep up with new re-search directions, the latest technical breakthroughs, and emerging new commercial applications of optoelectron-ics subsystems and technologies. ACP 2012’s Website is: http://www.acp-conf.org/

ACP 2012 – Where Science and Industry MergeYikai Su, Xiang Liu, and Sailing He

Conference Section (cont’d)

7–10 November, 2012, Garden Hotel, Guangzhou (Canton), China.



One of the topics in this year’s IEEE Photonics Society Sum-mer Topical Meeting was High Power Semiconductor La-sers. The Meeting was held 9–11 July 2012 at the Renais-sance Hotel in Seattle, Washington. Attendees were able to visit the world-famous Space Needle, Pike Place Market, and sample the local restaurants. They enjoyed the view of Mount Rainer made possible by the beautiful weather dur-ing the conference—regardless of Seattle’s rainy reputation. Over 170 scientists and engineers attended, and judging by the attendance in the sessions they were split about equally among the three topics of this year’s Meeting. Despite be-ing held on the West Coast of the USA, the High Power Semiconductor Laser sessions were heavily influenced by Europeans with over half of the organizing committee and nearly half of the authors hailing from Europe.

Although the Summer Topical Meeting is typically meant to be a place for the latest “hot topic” in Photonics, high-power semiconductor lasers have been on scientists

minds since the invention of the laser diode 50 years ago. Despite this, the high-power community was being un-derserved without a good meeting for more scientific dis-cussion on the physics of high-power semiconductor lasers and where the topic is headed. SPIE’s Photonics West is the most popular meeting for the high-power crowd, but the talks there tend to be more commercial and less about the physics. Several other conferences touch upon the topic (CLEO, CLEO Europe, IEEE Photonics Conference, and the Int’l Semiconductor Laser Conference), but none have cre-ated a large draw for the high-power community. Based on the response to this meeting and feedback from the par-ticipants, there does indeed appear to be a need for such a venue for the scientific community, which may lead to a more regular meeting of this group.

The first plenary talk was by Goetz Ebert, head of the Optoelectronics Department of the Ferdinand Braun Insti-tute (Berlin, Germany). The Institute is one of the leading research organizations in high-power semiconductor lasers in Europe. Dr. Ebert gave an excellent review of some of their most recent work on broad-area, grating-stabilized, and tapered lasers developed at the Institute. The second plenary talk was by Erik Zucker, Senior Director of Prod-uct Development for High Power Lasers at JDSU (Milpitas, California). Dr. Zucker gave a very entertaining talk includ-ing a bit of the history of high-power semiconductor lasers, in particular at SDL (now JDSU) which pioneered the field for a couple of decades. He went on to discuss the key at-tributes of laser diodes: power, efficiency, etendue (bright-ness), reliability, and cost. He touched upon several of the key high-power laser manufacturers products and compared their brightness and discussed the trends for the future.

Sculpture by Seattle artist Dale Chihuly with the world- famous Space Needle in the background.

Plenary speaker Erik Zucker of JDSU wrapping up his presentation.

High-Power Semiconductor Lasers at the IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting 2012



In the vein of the more scientific nature of the meet-ing, there were three tutorial talks. The first was T.Y. Fan, group leader of MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Laser Technology group (Lexington, Massachusetts), teaching us about laser beam combining. Dr. Fan and his group at MIT Lincoln Laboratory have been leading the beam combining area for many years, in particular with wavelength beam combin-ing and coherent beam combining in both semiconductor and fiber lasers. Proper beam combining of many sources is likely the key for future high-power laser systems to scale to very high brightness. Prof. Luke Mawst of the University of Wisconsin (Madison, Wisconsin) presented a tutorial on monolithic power scaling that summarized work on high-power arrays pioneered by Prof. Mawst and his co-author, Prof. Dan Botez. Prof. Peter Blood of Cardiff University (Cardiff, UK) gave the third tutorial delving deep into the physics of laser threshold and efficiency, with advice on how to improve them with design changes.

Invited talks made up nearly half of the meeting pro-gram. Most of the leading companies in the high-power market provided talks summarizing their latest results, in-cluding Coherent (Santa Clara, California), DILAS (Mainz-Hechtsheim, Germany), Jenoptik (Berlin, Germany), nLight (Vancouver, WA), Oclaro (Zurich, Switzerland), Osram (Regensbury, Germany), and Trumpf (Cranbury, New Jersey). Off the beaten path, Toby Garrod of Alfalight (Madison, Wisconsin) and Chad Wang of FLIR (Ventura, Califonia) gave talks on surface-emitting lasers for high-power applications. Surface-emitters have the advantage of greatly spreading out the optical power over a larger area but some challenges come along as well. Ryan Feeler of Northrup Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics (St. Charles, Missouri) gave an interesting talk on the prospects of pump laser diodes for use on fusion reactors—should they be made feasible, identifying the lack of laser production capacity worldwide as a major hurdle to meeting such an

application (a challenge most of the attending companies would love to address!).

A significant portion of the invited talks were from labora-tories or universities to address the fundamental physics ques-tions. Hans-Dieter Hoffman from the Fraunhofer Institute (Aachen, Germany), Christoph Schultz and Paul Crump of the Ferdinand Braun Institute (Berlin, Germany) gave talks on increasing the brightness of laser diodes, both spatially and spectrally. Prof. Eugene Avrutin from the University of York (York, UK) and Prof. Andrezj Malag from the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (Warsaw, Poland) spoke about improving waveguide design to increase the laser pow-er. Prof. Paul Michael Petersen of the Technical University of Denmark (Roskilde, Denmark) summarized various external-cavity feedback architectures and their effects on high-power laser performance. Prof. Eric Larkins of the University of Nottingham (Nottingham, UK) discussed tapered lasers that can provide high power with better beam-quality than broad-area lasers. Jens Tomm from the Max Born Institute (Berlin, Germany) discussed the process of laser failure that limits the output power of high power lasers with dramatic images and movies of the melting of laser facets. A representative from the European Union funding agency that sponsors many pho-tonics research programs, Stefan Kaierle of Laser Zentrum Hannover (Hannover, Germany), even discussed the future prospects of EU funding in this field.

In addition to the excellent plenary, tutorial, and invited talks there were 14 contributed talks that spanned many aspects of high-power semiconductor lasers from research-ers based in Japan, USA, Europe, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia. Many thanks to the organizing com-mittee, speakers, and attendees for making this meeting a success. Special thanks to my co-chair, Paul Crump, of the Ferdinand Braun Institute!

Gary M. Smith, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Co-chair

High-Power Semiconductor Laser session underway with a captivated audience!



Sponsored by: Technical Conference March 17-21 Exposition March 19-21Anaheim Convention CenterAnaheim, CA, USA

Call for Papers

IMPORTANT DEADLINE:

9 October 2012, 12:00 P.M. EDT (16.00 GMT)

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INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE

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Forthcoming Meetings with ICO Participation

21–25 October 20124th International Symposium on Transparent Conductive Materials (TCM 2012)Crete, GreeceContact: George Kiriakidis, phone: +302810391271, fax: +302810391295 [email protected]

2–5 November 20125th International Photonics and Optoelec-tronics Meetings (POEM 2012)Wuhan, ChinaContact: Xiaochun Xiao, Qingming Luo, phone: +86-27-87792227, 87792223, fax: +86-27-87792224 [email protected]@mail.hust.edu.cn

Beginning of 20131st EOS Topical Meeting on Photonics for Sustainable Development - Focus on the Mediterranean (PSDM 2013)Tunis, TunisiaContact: Julia Dalichow, phone: +49 511 2788 155, fax: +49 511 2788 117 [email protected]

ICO, THE PLACE WHERE THE WORLD OF OPTICS MEET Responsibility for the correctness of the information on this page rests with ICO, the International Commission for Optics; http://www.ico-optics.org/.

President: M L Calvo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Óptica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, E 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected].

Associate Secretary: Prof. Gert von Bally, Centrum für Biomedizinische Optik und Photonik, Univer-sitätsklinikum Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany; [email protected]

AT T E N T I O N I E E E M E M B E R S :

Energy experts speak out!

Free e-NewsletterNews and opinions on sustainableenergy, cars and climate.

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Subscribe at www.spectrum.ieee.org/energywise



IEEE Photonics Society Co–Sponsored Events - 2012

ICP October 1—3, 20122012 3rd International Conference on Photonics Park Royal Penang Resort Penang, Malaysiahttp://www.icp2012.org

OFS—22 October 15—19, 201222nd International Conference on Optical Fiber SensorsChina Hall of Science and TechnologyBeijng, China http://www.ofs-22.org

IWOW October 22, 2012International Workshop on Optical Wireless CommunicationsScuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy http://opticwise.uop.gr/index.php/announcements/19-workshop-at-pisa.html

ACP November 7—10, 2012Asia Communications and Photonics ConferenceThe Garden HotelGuangzhou (Canton), Chinahttp://acp-conf.org

PHOTONICS December 9 —12, 2012 The International Conference on Fiber Optics and PhotonicsIndian Institute of TechnologyMadras, Indiahttp://www.photonics2012.in/

PGC December 13—16, 2012 2012 Photonics Global ConferenceNanyang Technological UniversitySuntec City, Singaporehttp://www.photonicsglobal.org

CODEC December 17—19, 20122012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for CommunicationHyatt Regency Kolkata Kolkata, Indiahttp://www.codec-rpe.org



in “Living Lab, Campus The Hague”, The Netherlands June 24 – 26, 2013

Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship

dditional information: www.ice-conference.org/IEEE-ITMC2013

Preliminary tracks Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship

• Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship • Innovation and entrepreneurship in developing

countries • Ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship • Incentives and institutions for responsible

innovation and entrepreneurship

Foresight and strategies to explore new markets• Technology foresight • Technology road mapping • Market analysis in a high-tech market • Business models in a high-tech market • Strategic niche management • Technology & Business strategies

Collaboration and networks• Concurrent engineering/enterprising • Product, service and system development • Network organization • Supply chain management • Collaborative Innovation & Living Labs

Special tracks and workshops• Theory of technology management • Education programs in TMC, MoT, R&D• Crisis management

Organizing committee TU Delft: IEEE TMC: Leiden University: ICE:

Roland Ortt, Jeroen van den Hoven, Wil Thissen Robert Bierwolf, Bob Shapiro, Luke Maki, Tuna TarimGideon Shimshon, Thomas Bäck, Joost Kok Bernhard Katzy, Klaus-Dieter Thoben

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10 January 2013 10 March 2013 10 April 2013

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Special Issues!


Publication Section

Photonics Journal to become IEEE’s first all open-access journalReach a wider audience for your research paper at lower cost

Beginning on April 15th, the IEEE Photonics Society’s Photonics Journal began transitioning to a new “open access” publishing model that will

foster a much wider readership of published papers, reduce the cost of

open access publication, and enable authors to comply with requirements

of funding agencies that their research be made available without charge.

On January 1, 2013, Photonics Journal will become the first IEEE journal

to transition to a completely open access publication process.

Lower cost for open access publicationAuthors choosing the new open access publication option for their papers in Photonics Journal will pay

just $1,350 (lowered from $2,800). This one low open access fee covers papers up to eight pages, with

additional pages at $120 each.

Transition to open access for all submissions to Photonics JournalUntil July 1, 2012, authors will have the option of submitting papers under the existing submission rules,

or choosing the new open access publication method. After July 1, all papers published in Photonics Journal must be submitted under the open access model. In addition, on January 1, 2013 all back issues of Photonics Journal (including all 2012 papers) will become available via open access.

Photonics Journal: the IEEE’s first online-only peer reviewed journal, will be the IEEE’s first all-open-access journal

The IEEE Photonics Journal offers a comprehensive technical scope within photonics

science and technology, reflecting the latest research in the technical community

engaged in the generation, control, detection and utilization of electromagnetic

radiation, spanning frequencies from terahertz to x-rays. Please visit the Journal’s website to learn more: http://www.photonicsjournal.org/index.html

The Journal maintains the highest standards of editorial quality and fair-minded rigorous

review processes, characteristic of all IEEE journals. IEEE Photonics Journal offers rapid

publication of papers on IEEE Xplore. The expanded capabilities supported by online

publication also allow open-access and multimedia options for

authors, while providing significantly increased value to readers.

Breakthroughs in Photonics 2010 is now available as an open access feature

Coherent Photon Sources Nonlinear Photonic Effects

Nano-Photonics Bio-Photonics - Silicon Photonics

Photonics Materials and Engineered Nanostructures

Plasma Photonics, Terahertz and Microwave Photonics

Integrated Photonic Systems

Learn more about the IEEE Photonics Society at photonicssociety.org


Publication Section (cont’d)

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Semiconductor LasersSubmission Deadline: November 1, 2012

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec-tronics invites manuscripts that document the current state of the art in Semiconductor Lasers. Technical areas in-clude but are not limited to:• high-speed VCSELs and edge-emitting lasers• low energy/bit lasers• Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

( VECSELs)• novel high power laser schemes• short pulse sources• micro- and nanolasers• short wavelength and visible lasers• quantum dot/wire lasers• photonic crystal lasers• lasers on new semiconductor materials• tunable lasers• lasers in photonic and electronic integrated circuits• quantum cascade, interband and mid-IR lasers• THz lasers• coupled semiconductor lasers• semiconductor ring lasers• lasers in microwave photonics• synchronization of chaotic lasers, laser dynamics• SOA and LED topics closely related to lasers• new applications of semiconductor lasers

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Luke F. Lester, University of New Mexico, USA, and the Guest Editors are Sze-Chun Chan, City University of Hong Kong, China, Vassilios Kovanis, Air Force Research Laboratory, USA, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ja-pan, and Stephen Sweeney, University of Surrey, UK.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is November 1, 2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will be post-ed on the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeks of au-

thors correctly uploading their final files in the Scholar One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Final page proofs of accepted papers are normally posted online in IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authors uploading their final files, if there are no page proof corrections. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for July/August 2013.

All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal.

For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan LutzIEEE/Photonics Society445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: [email protected]

The following supporting documents are required during the mandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Jour-nal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the drop down menu).

1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are man-datory, photographs are optional. You may find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html

2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form. Please email [email protected] to request this form.

3) MS Word document with full contact information for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affili-ation, Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile, Email.

Call for Papers


Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic DevicesSubmission Deadline: December 1, 2012

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec-tronics invites manuscript submissions in the area of Nu-merical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document the current state of the art and the variety of leading-edge work in this field through a collection of original papers. Papers are solicited on theory, modeling, simulation, and analysis of modern optoelectronic devices including materials, fabrica-tion and application. Optoelectronic devices are based on the interaction of photons and electrons, including laser diodes, light emitting diodes, optical modulators, optical amplifiers, solar cells, photodetectors, and optoelectronic integrated circuits. Validation of theoretical results by mea-surements is desired.

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Joachim Piprek, NUSOD Institute, USA, and the Guest Editors are Enrico Bellotti, Boston University, USA; Seoung-Hwan Park, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea; Bernd Witzigmann, University of Kassel, Germany; Beat Ruhstaller, Fluxim AG, Switzerland.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is December 1, 2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will be posted on the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeks of authors correctly uploading their final files in the Scholar One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Fi-nal page proofs of accepted papers are normally post-ed online in IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authors

uploading their final files, if there are no page proof corrections. Hardcopy publication of the issue is sched-uled for September/October 2013.


For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact: JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan LutzIEEE/Photonics Society445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: [email protected]

The following supporting documents are required during the mandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the drop down menu).

1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are man-datory, photographs are optional. You may find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html


3) MS Word document with full contact information for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affili-ation, Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile, Email.

Call for Papers




Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELEC-TRONICS on Graphene OptoelectronicsSubmission Deadline: April 1, 2013

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec-tronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area of Graphene Optoelectronics. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document leading-edge work in this field through a collection of original and invited papers ranging from fundamental physics to applications.

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Thomas Müller, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is April 1, 2013. Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normally posted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of authors uploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscripts submission system. The final copy-edited and XML-tagged version of a manuscript is posted on IEEE Xplore as soon as possible once page numbers can be assigned. This version replaces the preprint and is usually posted well before the hardcopy of the issue is published. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for January/February 2014.


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ADVERTISER’S INDEXThe Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue is compiled as a service to our readers and advertis-ers. The publisher is not liable for errors or omis-sions although every effort is made to ensure its accuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know you found them through the IEEE Photonics Society

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Advertiser . . . . . . . . . . . . Page #

General Photonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . CVR 2

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Photonics Society Mission StatementPhotonics Society shall advance the interests of its members and the laser, optoelectronics, and photonics professional community by:• providing opportunities for information

exchange, continuing education, and professional growth;

• publishing journals, sponsoring confer-ences, and supporting local chapter and student activities;

• formally recognizing the professional contributions of members;

• representing the laser, optoelectronics, and photonics community and serving as its advocate within the IEEE, the broader scientific and technical community, and society at large.

Photonics Society Field of InterestThe Field of Interest of the Society shall be la-sers, optical devices, optical fibers, and associat-ed lightwave technology and their applications in systems and subsystems in which quantum electronic devices are key elements. The Society is concerned with the research, development, design, manufacture, and applications of ma-terials, devices and systems, and with the vari-ous scientific and technological activities which contribute to the useful expansion of the field of quantum electronics and applications.The Society shall aid in promoting close coop-eration with other IEEE groups and societies in the form of joint publications, sponsorship of meetings, and other forms of information exchange. Appropriate cooperative efforts will also be undertaken with non-IEEE societies.

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Documents

PDF of October Issue - IEEE Photonics Society