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Dr. K. N. Patel Former Additional Director Health and Family Welfare Gujarat. PC-PNDT ACT. No. of women of all age groups per 1000 males in that area at a given point of time. Sex Ratio in India during last 100 Yrs. Sex ratio. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PC-PNDT ACTPC-PNDT ACT
Dr. K. N. PatelFormer Additional DirectorHealth and Family Welfare
Gujarat
Sex ratioSex ratioNo. of women of all age groups per 1000
males in that area at a given point of time.Sex Ratio in India during last 100 Yrs
SN Year Sex ratioIndia
1 1901 972
2 1951 946
3 2001 933 / 927
4 2011 940 / 914
Sex ratioGujarat
920 / 883
918 / 847
Child Sex Ratio in INDIA Last 50 yearsChild Sex Ratio in INDIA Last 50 yearsChild Sex Ratio: No. of girls aged up to 6 Child Sex Ratio: No. of girls aged up to 6 years per 1000 boys of that age group years per 1000 boys of that age group
SN Year Child Sex Ratio1 1961 9762 1971 9643 1981 9624 1991 9455 2001 9276 2011 914
Age group wise Sex Ratio Age group wise Sex Ratio
AGE GROUP YEARS
SEX RATIO
00 – 10 886
11 – 20 885
21 – 30 904
31 – 40 928
41 – 50 923
51 – 60 1027
61 – 70 1445
71 – 80 1226
81 – 90 1346
91 – 100 1695
Overall and Child Sex Ratio : Overall and Child Sex Ratio : IndiaIndia
1961 - 20111961 - 2011
Sex Ratio of some populous countries-2001
Country Sex RatioPakistan 938
China 944Sri Lanka 1140
Nepal 1005Myanmar 1011America 1029
Japan 1041Brazil 1025
Australia 1011Russia 1140
Bungladesh 958India 933
Gujarat 920
Sr. Sr. No.No.
Name of Name of Taluka Taluka
Name of Name of District District
0-6 Sex Ratio0-6 Sex Ratio Absolute Absolute ChangeChange
19911991 20012001
11 UnjhaUnjha MahesanaMahesana 888888 742742 -146-146
22 VisnagarVisnagar MahesanaMahesana 868868 766766 -102-102
33 MansaMansa GandhinagarGandhinagar 877877 774774 -103-103
44 VijapurVijapur MahesanaMahesana 894894 777777 -117-117
55 MahesanaMahesana MahesanaMahesana 884884 779779 -105-105
66 GandhinagarGandhinagar GandhinagarGandhinagar 878878 795795 -083-083
Child Sex Ratio: 1991-2001 in some Taluka
District wise sex ratio: GujaratSN District 2001 2011
Adult Child Adult Child India 933 927 940 914 Gujarat 920 883 918 8861 Dangs 987 974 1007 9632 Tapi 996 951 1004 9443 Dohad 985 967 986 9374 Amreli 987 945 964 9375 Navsari 955 933 961 9266 Narmada 949 935 960 9237 junagadh 955 915 952 9218 Sabarkantha 947 918 950 9149 Porbandar 946 922 947 913
10 Panchmahal 938 903 945 90411 Jamnagar 941 879 938 89912 Kheda 923 898 937 89813 Banaskantha 930 898 936 894
District wise sex ratio: GujaratSN District 2001 2011
Adult Child Adult Child14 Patan 932 886 935 89415 Vadodara 919 907 934 89016 Bhavnagar 937 886 931 88917 Surendranagar 924 876 929 88718 valsad 920 881 926 88519 Mahesana 927 865 925 88420 Rajkot 930 892 924 87921 Bharuch 921 949 924 87722 Anand 910 835 921 85923 Gandhinagar 913 854 920 85424 Kutch 942 816 907 84725 Ahemdabad 892 801 903 84526 Surat 810 859 788 836
CausesCauses
Strong wish to have a male childGender discrimination Dowry Myth: daughter is a liability religious believes More and more couples adopting
one child norm and prefer male child
the result?the result?• Imbalance of male and female
population• All Males may not get bride to marry• Rise in the incidents of Rape,
kidnapping, exploitation, resulting in unhealthy society
• Increase in psycho-social and mental health issues
Action neededAction needed Avoid gender discrimination.
Equal opportunities and equity for women Create awareness among community,
decision makers.
Women should not be harassed on birth of a girl child (Male have XY pair of chromosomes and women have XX)
Govt. NGOs, leaders, philanthropic organizations, community groups should join hands to fight the issue
The Pre-conception and pre-natal The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 19941994
The order came following a public interest petition filed by NGOs-the Centre for the Enquiry of Health and Allied Themes (CEHAT), the Mahila Sarvangeen Utkarsh Mandal (MASUM) and Dr. Sabu George, who had done extensive research in this area
An Act to provide for the prohibition of sex selection before or after conception, and for regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques.
Technique is for the purpose of detecting genetic abnormalities or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or certain congenital malformations or sex linked disorders
Prevention of their misuse for sex determination leading to female feticide and for matters connected there with or incidental there to.
The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994
Chapter – I PreliminaryChapter – I Preliminary
1. Short title, extent and commencement: The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994; whole of India except the State of J&K; come in force on such date the GoI notify in gazette
2. Definitions: Appropriate Authority, Board, conceptus, embryo, fetus, genetic clinic, counseling centre, pre-natal diagnostic techniques, gynecologist etc.
Chapter – II Regulation of genetic Chapter – II Regulation of genetic counseling centers, genetic laboratories counseling centers, genetic laboratories and genetic clinicsand genetic clinics
3. Regulation of genetic counseling centers, genetic laboratories and genetic clinicsi. Registration under the Actii. Person providing services in these centers should possess prescribed qualificationsiii. No medical practitioner, geneticist shall conduct technique at place other than the registered oneNo person/specialist in the field of infertility shall conduct sex selection
Chapter – III : Chapter – III : Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniquesRegulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques
4. Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques No place including registered shall be used by any
person for conducting pre-natal diagnosis except-◦Purpose: Chromosomal abnormalities, genetic
disorders, haemoglobinopathies, sex linked genetic diseases, congenital anomalies, others specified by Board
◦No person, relative, husband of PW shall seek or encourage conduct of pre-natal diagnosis except for above or sex selection technique on her
5. Written consent of PW and prohibiting communicating the sex of fetus
- No person shall conduct procedure unless- explained all known side/after effects to PW- Obtained her consent in prescribed form- Copy of her written consent given to PW- No one shall communicate to PW or her relatives the sex of the fetus by words, signs or in any other manner
6. Determination of sex prohibited- No centre, clinic, lab shall conduct pre-
natal diagnosis for the purpose of determining the sex of fetus
Chapter – IV central supervisory boardChapter – IV central supervisory board
7. Constitution of Central Supervisory Board-Minister in-charge of Family Welfare as Chairman-Secretary FW – Vice Chairman-3 members from Ministry of DWCD, Legal affairs,
ISM-DGHS-10 members appointed by GoI : 2 each from
Eminent: Geneticists, Gynecologists, Pediatricians, Social Scientists, women welfare organizations,
-3 MPs-4 members on rotation frm States-Joint Secretary, FW as Member Secretary8. Term: Usually 3 years 9. Meetings: Once in 6 months10. Vacancies etc not to invalidate proceedings11. Temporary association of a person for
assistance12 to 16. Appointment of staff etc
Functions of the boardFunctions of the boardTo advise Central Government on policy
matters related to use of prenatal diagnostic techniques, sex selection techniques and against its misuse
Review and monitor implementation of The Act and recommend changes in the Act
Crete public awarenessLay down code of conduct for persons
working in genetic centers and laboratoriesOversee performance of various bodies
constituted under the Act
State supervisory boardState supervisory boardMinister in-charge of H & FW – Chairperson Ex-
officioSecretary HFW – Vice Chairperson ex-officioSecretaries/Commissioners from DWCD, Legal,
ISM, Social Welfare Ex-officioDirector Health & FW or ISM Ex-officio3 Women MLAs10 members to be appointed 2 each from
Social Scientists and legal experts, women activists from NGO, Gynecologists, Pediatricians, Radiologists
Joint Secretary FW as Member secretaryMeet once in 4 monthsTerm: Usually 3 years except ex-officio
Chapter – v: appropriate authority and Chapter – v: appropriate authority and advisory committeeadvisory committee
17. Appropriate Authority(AA) and Advisory CommitteeThe State Govt. shall appoint one or more AA for whole or
part of the State Multi-member AA: Officer of the rank of Joint Director of
Health – Chairperson, eminent women representing women organization, officer of Law Dept
To grant, suspend or cancel registration of a genetic center, laboratory or clinic
Summoning any person in possession of any information relating to violation of the provisions of the Act
Issuing search warrant for any place suspectedTo enforce standards prescribedTo investigate complaints of breach of the provisionsTo take appropriate legal actionsTo create awareness
Advisory committeeAdvisory committeeAdvisory Committee for each Apropriate
AuthorityThree medical experts from gynecologists,
pediatricians and medical geniticistsOne legal expertOne officer from dept dealing with publicity3 eminent social workers (one should be
from women’s organization)Recommend to AA after investigation of
complaints, for suspension or cancellation of registration
Chapter vi: registration of genetic Chapter vi: registration of genetic counseling centers, laboratories and clinicscounseling centers, laboratories and clinics18. registration of genetic counseling centers,
laboratories and clinicsGenetic centers, clinics or laboratories having ultrasound or imaging machine or scanner or any other technology capable of detecting sex of fetus should get registration under the Act with the Appropriate Authority.
19. Certificate of Registration: The AA shall after holding an inquiry grant a certificate of a registration in prescribed form. The certificate shall be displayed by registered centre in a conspicuous place.
Chapter vi: registration of genetic Chapter vi: registration of genetic counseling centers, laboratories and clinicscounseling centers, laboratories and clinics
20. Cancellation or suspension of registration: The AA may suo moto, or on complaint issue a notice to the centre to show cause why the registration should not be cancelled. After giving a reasonable opportunity and if satisfied that there is a breach of the provisions the AA may cancel the registration.
21. Appeal: The Appeal may be done within 30 days from the date of receipt of order to the central or the state government as the case may be.
Chapter VII offences and penaltiesChapter VII offences and penalties
22. Prohibition of advertisements relating to pre-conception and pre-natal determination of sex and punishment for contravention: up to 3 years imprisonment and fine up to 10,000
23. Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Act: Punishable up to 3 years imprisonment and fine up to 10,000. on subsequent conviction: up to 5 years imprisonment and fine up to 50,000.◦The name of Dr shall be reported by AA to State
Medical Council
Chapter VII offences and penaltiesChapter VII offences and penalties
24. Any person compelling PW to undergo the technique: Punishment as above. Not to woman who was compelled.
25. For acts of any person, the punishment not specified: up to 3 months imprisonment and fine up to 1,000
Chapter VII offences and penaltiesChapter VII offences and penalties26. Offences by companies: corporate, firm, Director27. Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and non-
compoundable28. Cognizance of offence: No court shall take
cognizance of the offCHAPTER – VIII: MISCELLANEOUS
29. Maintenance of records: preserve for 2 years. Shall be made available to AA or authorized person by AA for inspection
30. Power to search and seize records, etc: to AA 31. Protection of action taken in good faith: No suit,
prosecution or other legal action against State, Central Govt and AA if action taken in good faith
32,33,34. Power to make rules, regulations and to be laid before Parliament
The rules, 1996The rules, 1996The rules give directives and guidance on :-Qualifications of personsRequirements for the place, Equipments etcRegarding sale of ultrasound machinesApplication for Registration FeeRegistration procedure, certificate, validity, renewalIntimation of change of addressRecords, declarations, FormsSearch and seizureAppeals
550,000
VFEFZ VFEFZ