PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:Part 1: Pavement Preservation

IdahoRoads Scholar Program

Learning Objectives

Become familiar with terminology Distinguish between preventive

and reactive repairs Understand basic pavement

management concepts Monitoring pavement condition Pavement life cycle

Issues What is pavement preservation? What is preventive maintenance? What is corrective maintenance? When should these actions be taken? Are these activities effective? If so, then why doesn’t everyone have a

pavement preservation program?

Definitions

Preventive Maintenance Corrective Maintenance Pavement Preservation Pavement Rehabilitation

Preventive Maintenance

The planned strategy of cost effective treatments to an existing roadway system and its appurtenances that preserves the system, retards future deterioration, and maintains or improves the functional condition of the system (without increasing structural capacity).

- AASHTO’s Standing Committee on Highways

Preventive Maintenance

Planned Performed on good

pavements Contributes to long-

term performance Examples: Fog Seal,

Chip Seal, Thin HMA Overlay

Corrective Maintenance

Reactive Performed on failing

pavements Does not contribute to

long-term performance Examples: Patching,

Pothole Repair

Pavement Preservation

The sum of all activities undertaken to provide and maintain serviceable roadways; this includes corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance, as well as minor rehabilitation projects

- National Highway Institute

Pavement Preservation

Pavement Preservation

PreventiveMaintenance

CorrectiveMaintenance =+

Pavement Rehabilitation

Work undertaken to extend the service life of an existing pavement. This includes the restoration, placing an overlay, and/or other work required to return an existing roadway to a condition of structural and functional adequacy.

- National Highway Institute

Candidate for…?

Candidate for…?

Candidate for…?

Types of Maintenance Activities

SometimesNoGenerallyCorrective

YesYesYesPreventive

Probably NotNoNoReactive (Demand)

SometimesNot NecessarilyYesRoutine

Extends Facility Life?

Before Deterioration?Planned?Type

Pavement Management Concepts Pavement Life Cycle Pavement Condition Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Pavement Serviceability Index

(PSI) Critical “PCI”

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

nPavement Lifecycle

Pavement Condition

Pavement Condition can be rated using any number rating systems, including: Pavement Condition Index (PCI)

PCI = 100 is New/Excellent and PCI = 0 is Failed

Present Serviceablity Index (PSI) PSI = 5 is New and PSI = 0 is Failed Used in the AASHTO Design Methodology

International Roughness Index (IRI) Rating is Inches/Mile and is automatically recorded

100

85

70

55

40

25

10

0

Excellent

Very Good

Good

Fair

Poor

Very Poor

Failed

Pavement Condition Index

Corps of Engineers Develop for Airfields

ASTM now has standards for both highways and airfields

Analyze Distresses Type Severity Density

Pavement Condition Index

Example: Distress Type:

Weathering/Raveling Distress Severity:

Moderate Distress Density: 100% of

Surface PCI Deduct Value: 12pts Pavement Condition

Index: 88

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n In

dex10

0

0

PCI = 88

Pavement Condition

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n In

dex10

0

0

Critical PCI = 65 - 70

Pavement Condition

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n In

dex10

0

0

Preventive Maintenance

Corrective Maint, Rehabilitation, or Reconstruction

Critical PCI

Critical PCI

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n

PreventiveMaintenance

Preventive Maintenance

CorrectiveMaintenance/Repair

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

nCorrective Repairs

Rehabilitation

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

nRehabilitation

Reconstruction

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

nReconstruction

Applying the right treatment

. . . To the right pavement

. . . At the right time

Philosophy of Pavement Preservation

Benefits of a Pavement Preservation Program

Higher customer satisfaction Better informed decisions Improved strategies and

techniques Improved pavement condition Costs savings Increased safety

Better Informed Decisions

Program relies on proper treatment selection and treatment timing

Need information to make decisions

Successful programs have been integrated with Pavement Management Systems (PMS)

Improved Pavement Condition

Preventive maintenance helps to preserve a pavement and extend its performance

Overall condition of network improves Fair, Poor, and Failed Pavements are

reconstructed and returned to a high pavement condition

Excellent and Good Pavements are kept in high condition

Time or Traffic

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n

PreventiveMaintenance

Pavement Condition

Effect of Pavement Preservation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% Poor % Fair % Good % Excellent

% o

f P

avem

en

t N

etw

ork

1994 Base 1999 Worst First 1999 Preventive

Cost Savings

Most persuasive argument for shifting to preventive maintenance strategies

Forms of cost savings Less expensive treatments Longer pavement life Reduction of user delay costs

Preventive maintenance: $10,270 Rehabilitation: $45,570 Reconstruction: $574,000

Cost Comparison of Options

Use of PMS Information

0

10

20

30

40

50

Failed Poor Fair Good Excellent

Condition Rating (PCI)

Perc

en

t of

Netw

ork

Current

Year 5

Increased Safety

Safety is the #1 priority of users Explicit benefits

Improved surface friction Fewer defects

Implicit benefits Better pavement condition Fewer and less disruptive repairs

Additional Benefits

Agencies have a stable budget Agencies have stable workforce Contractors have stable workforce Not affected by upswings and

downswings

Current Funding Status

In the past, eligibility for Federal funding required that the pavement be improved structurally

Recent highway bills have changed the way preventive maintenance is funded

Challenges to Implementation

Agencies that have implemented a preventive maintenance program report extremely positive results.

Why isn’t everyone doing it? Barriers, both real and perceived...

Public Perceptions

Public averse to steering maintenance dollars toward pavements in good condition

Agencies more likely to receive complaints about specific defects than overall network

Need to educate the public about new philosophy

Management Perceptions Need commitment from

management to succeed Maintenance not traditionally given

a high priority Need to create awareness of

benefits Personnel changes disrupt

continuity

Summary Anticipated benefits

Higher customer satisfaction Better informed decisions Improved strategies and techniques Improved pavement condition Cost savings Increased safety Stability

Summary (cont’d) Challenges are

widespread Public perception Management perception

So what is Pavement Management ?

Systematic method for routinely collecting, storing, and retrieving decision-making data needed to make maximum use of limited dollars

It also creates a set of steps or computer routines for quickly accessing the data to arrive at educated decisions

Review

Become familiar with terminology Distinguish between preventive

and reactive repairs Understand basic pavement

management concepts Monitoring pavement condition Pavement life cycle

Questions?

PMS