Pathfinder definition •Proposed by UAS ARC as part of FAA UAS Integration Roadmap … · 2015-03-25 · •Proposed by UAS ARC as part of FAA UAS Integration Roadmap •Industry

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Commercial/Civil UAS Successes and Challenges

WARNING – Insitu proprietary and competition sensitive. No part of this document and/or the generated data may be reproduced and/or disclosed in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Insitu, Inc. The Future of UAS Technologies

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•Proposed by UAS ARC as part of FAA UAS Integration Roadmap •Industry is willing to participate in supporting platform certification under appropriate existing airworthiness certification regulation (CFR 14 Part 21, 23, 25) to establish a baseline for modification or establishing certification rules specific to UAS. This will act as a catalyst to establish this process to be used for UAS certification and has the potential to significantly reduce the time/effort required for the certification of future UAS certification applicants.

•2 early applicants: AeroVironment (Global Observer/Puma) and Insitu (ScanEagle)

Pathfinder definition


•Addresses provision in HR 658 FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 to establish permanent fly zones for small UAS <55lbs, <2000 ft in the Bearing, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas for commercial operations.

•FAA and ConocoPhillips entered into an OTA to share operational data on UAS operations this summer.

•Insitu and others agreed to be part of the “Pathfinder” initiative to pursue type certification of ultimately permitting actual “commercial” use of the platform.

Pathfinder Initiative


Objectives

> Establish a legal path to operate small UAS in the NAS to support oil and gas exploration and drilling activities.

> Build on demonstrations conducted years earlier under COA with UAF and others.

> Oil company customer interest expressed over 6+ years (at time of project beginning 2012)

> Support congressional mandate to open Bearing, Chukchi, and Beaufort Sea airspace for BLOS small UAS operations.


•Air Vehicle Part 21.25(b) Type Cert with Limitations, Restricted Category

•Based on prior DoD acceptance

• Civil Type Certification for commercial work over the international arctic waters north of Alaska

• Limits of the operations mitigate risks to people and property

• Cooperative effort between Insitu, ConocoPhillips, FAA

• Many regulatory hurdles. Collective struggle to create a certified UNMANNED system with a MANNED aircraft rule set.

ScanEagle X-200 Restricted Type Certification

Wainwright, AK

Chukchi Sea


§ 21.25 Issue of type certificate: Restricted category aircraft. (a) An applicant is entitled to a type certificate for an aircraft in the restricted category for special purpose operations if he shows compliance with the applicable noise requirements of Part 36 of this chapter, and if he shows that no feature or characteristic of the aircraft makes it unsafe when it is operated under the limitations prescribed for its intended use, and that the aircraft—

(1) Meets the airworthiness requirements of an aircraft category except those requirements that the FAA finds inappropriate for the special purpose for which the aircraft is to be used; or

(2) Is of a type that has been manufactured in accordance with the requirements of and accepted for use by, an Armed Force of the United States and has been later modified for a special purpose.

(b) For the purposes of this section, “special purpose operations” includes—

(1) Agricultural (spraying, dusting, and seeding, and livestock and predatory animal control);

(2) Forest and wildlife conservation;

(3) Aerial surveying (photography, mapping, and oil and mineral exploration);

(4) Patrolling (pipelines, power lines, and canals);

(5) Weather control (cloud seeding);

(6) Aerial advertising (skywriting, banner towing, airborne signs and public address systems); and

(7) Any other operation specified by the FAA.

14 CFR 21.25

https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/36


•Much more challenging than originally anticipated

•Certification based on 14 CFR Part 21.25

•Adapting current certification orders and guidance to a UAS

application somewhat problematic.

•8130.2 Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products

•8110.4C Type Certification

•8110.56A Restricted Category Type Certification

•14 CFR Part 36

•Waivers and “deviations” required on many aspects due to

inapplicability to UAS

ScanEagle Pathfinder Program Issues and Milestones


Certification Process

Must adapt all current “manned” regulations whenever possible. Certification basis (14 CFR Part 21, 23, 8110.4C,

8110.56) Airworthiness Certification (FAA Order 8130.2) Placards and Markings Conformity Inspection

Develop approved Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) Safety Risk Management Document (SRMD) Pilot, Crew, Maintainer Certification (14 CFR

Part 61, 43) Noise compliance (14 CFR Part 36)


•14 CFR Part 36 Test Plan Submitted

•Pre-Acoustic Test Airworthiness Inspection completed

•OTA Signed

•Acoustic Test Complete

•GCS and LRE installation begun

•C2 Frequency “Experimental” license received from FCC/NTIA

•Deviation to 8110.56A issued by FAA

•Conformity inspection of GCS and LRE (Seward, AK)

•Type certification panel meets

Final approval of AFM

Final approval of ICA (Maintainer qualifications)

Final TCDS

Conformity and airworthiness inspections

Placards and markings

Type Certificate Issued July 19, 2013

Waiver of 14 CFR 91.113 granted 8/5/13

Operations commenced 9/12/13

ScanEagle Pathfinder Program Issues and Milestones


Operations

Ice flow, marine mammal and oil spill monitoring Limited duration and distance Weather

Excellent coordination with all elements of FAA Excellent coordination NOAA manned aviation


September 12, 2013



Data requested by FAA:

•Performance, vehicle specifications, control station specifications, LRE,

performance and specifications, spectrum data, system interoperability,

human performance data, communications data, repair and maintenance

data, lethality (air and ground).

•Flight data (actual)

•Crew data (training, certification)

•Malfunctions, Mishaps, Defects, Accidents

•Anomaly data

•Crew training program detail

What’s to be gained??


Wainwright , AK 2014


Wainwright , AK 2014


Charted UAS Permanent “Fly” Area


BLOS Extended Operations

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Pathfinder definition •Proposed by UAS ARC as part of FAA UAS Integration Roadmap … · 2015-03-25 · •Proposed by UAS ARC as part of FAA UAS Integration Roadmap •Industry