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www.csir.co.za © CSIR 2012 Slide 1
Passive Radar Technology used for the Detection of Small Aircraft
F.D.V. Maasdorp
EW Asia 2014Kuala LumpurMarch 2014
© CSIR 2014 Slide 2
Non-Standardised Name for Passive Radar
Passive Radar known as:
Passive Coherent Location (PCL)
Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR)
Piggy Back Radar
Covert Radar
Green Radar
Commensal Radar
© CSIR 2014 Slide 3
Overview
PCL background
How PCL works
PCL international hot topic
Possible application and advantages
Results from a Prototype PCL Radar System Deployment
Objective
Small aircraft detection ranges
Estimation of propeller rotational rate
Conclude
Questions
© CSIR 2014 Slide 4
Background (1) - How FM Band PCL System Works
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Background (2) – PCL Activities
PCL Global hot topic
Global PCL research
Research at Universities
Research as Institutes
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Silent Sentry
Lockheed Martin
Homeland Alerter 100 (HA 100)
Thales
EADS (Cassidian)
Multiband FM/DAB/DVB-T
Aulos
Selex
Background (3) - Int. Systems
Silent Sentry
HA 100
EADSAulos
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Background (4) – PCL Applications & Advantages
Applications
Situational Awareness
Gap filling
Anti-stealth capability
Advantages
Passive
Cost effective
Acquisition
Low Maintenance
Highly mobile
Examples
Border Safeguarding
Peace Mission Support
Disaster Relieve Support
Active War Support
ATC support
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Deployment of a Prototype PCL System
Working collaboration
CSIR
University of Cape Town
Peralex Electronics
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Prototype Deployment - Location
Region
Gauteng, South Africa
Emitter of opportunity
Sentech Tower, Johannesburg
76 kW transmitter
5FM
Deployment Site
Paardefontein
Receiver (Rx) Hardware
86 km from Sentech tower
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Prototype Deployment - Equipment
Receiver Site
Reference antenna
omni
Surveillance antenna
LPDA
At time
Modified Direction Finder
GPU
Laptop: radar display
Current Hardware
Specific Hardware
Comrad3
Peralex
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Processing Chain
Realtime processing realised GP-GPU hardware
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Prototype Deployment – Detection Range Results
Cessna 172, Outbound
2000 ft AGL
From Rx: up to 46 km
Bistatic range: 168 km
Cessna 172, Inbound
2000 ft AGL
From Rx: up to 38 km
Bistatic range: 153 km
Boeings
From Rx: up to 200 km
Bistatic range: 400 km
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Prototype Deployment – Propeller RPM estimation
Target
Cessna 172
Aim - Estimate propeller rotation
rate (RPM)
First step
Establish independence from
geometry
Illumination angle
Scattered field
Simulation
FEKO EM modelling software
Illuminate Vertical polarisation
Sense Vertical polarisation
2nd Step
Polarisation Modulation leads to
Amplitude Modulation
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Prototype Deployment - Amplitude Modulation
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Prototype Deployment – Results ARD map
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Prototype Deployment - RPM Estimation Results
© CSIR 2014 Slide 18
Pilot’s Operating Handbook – Cessna 172
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Propeller RPM estimation – Read more
Mathematical formulation
IET Letters Journal, November 2013
“Simulation and Measurement of Propeller Modulation using FM
Broadcast Band Commensal Radar”
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Conclusions
Prototype deployment PCL radar system
Useful detection range
Small Aircraft
Commercial Airliners
Accurate determine the RPM of
Propeller driven
Currently, single blade only
Future Investigate other blades
