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1www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 1www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Professor Prashant KumarChair in Air Quality and Health
Founding Director, Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE) Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Surrey, United Kingdom---------
Adjunct Professor, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland---------
PASSIVE POLLUTION BARRIERS:HEDGES AND TREES IN OPEN-ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENTS
Green Infrastructure Webinar 24 April 2019
@AirPollSurrey @pk_shishodia
2www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 2www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
GCARE: Team & Research
Green Infrastructure - Measurements & Modelling
Research to Guidance- City Hall (Mayor of London)
Outline
3www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 3www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 24 August 2017surrey.ac.uk/gcare
GCARE….thanks to team/collaborators
‘to realise a collaborative global vision of ‘clean air for all’
@AirPollSurrey @pk_shishodia
GCARE team
4www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 4www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Acknowledgements..Thanks to our research sponsors, GCARE team and research collaborators…
The iSCAPE & OPERANDUM projects have received funding from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement Nos.
689954 & 776848, respectively.
ASAP-Delhi is a UK-India project funded under the NERC-MRC-MoES-DBT
programme on Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in an Indian Megacity
CArE-Cities Clean Air Engineering for Cities INHALE Project
Pollution Guardian & GlobalHOM
5www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 5www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Exposure Control methods
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Source control
e.g. exhaust emissions;
combustion sources
Receptor control
masks, de-routing…
BTW Source-receptor
green barriers, LBW, photocatalytic coating
6www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 6www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Source: Eisenman…Kumar et al. (2019). Urban trees, air quality, and asthma: An interdisciplinary review. Landscape and Urban Planning 187, 47-59.
• Green infrastructure is good and we all love it, but there are also downsides• Important to choose what and where to place?• Local scale can act as a passive barrier between source and receptor (appreciable decrease )• City scale air quality (much less compared with local scale)
Greening – how it works?
7www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 7www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Green roofGreen roof
Built-up street canyon configurations
Figure 1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Gre
en
wa
ll
Gre
en
wa
ll
Leeward windward
Leeward windward
Leeward windward
Leeward windward
Road with vegetation barrier
Road with green wall
Open road configurations
Wind flow
Wind flow
Wind flow
Road with no vegetation barrier(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 2
Abhijith, Kumar et al., 2017. Atmospheric Environment 162, 71-86.
Greening – street v/s open roads
8www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 8www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Abhijith and Kumar, 2019. Atmospheric Environment 162, 71-86; City Hall Guidance, 2019
Greening – concentration decay
Concentration decay
Road with vegetation barrier
Road with green wall
Open road configurations
Wind flow
Wind flow
Wind flow
Road with no vegetation barrier(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 2
Distance from road
Wind direction
Dispersion (re-distribution) => Dilution + Deposition
Efficacy increases with an decrease in porosity; more effective closer to source
H
9www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 9www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Open-road green barriers
Started by curiosity… near real-time measurements of particle size distributions
Al-Dabbous & Kumar, 2014. Atmospheric Environment 90, 113-124.
10www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 10www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
DMS50 & pseudo-simultaneous measurements using 4-way solenoid switching system
①
- Battery +
- Battery +Laptop
⑥
⑤
- Battery +
DMS50
②
③
④
Switching
system
① Analog cable
② USB connection
③ Ethernal connection
④⑤ Tube
⑥ Electrical wiring
❶❷
❸❹
Sampling locations
1
2 3 4
Open-road green barriers
Vegetation barrier found to reduce PNCs by ∼37% during the cross-road winds.
Al-Dabbous & Kumar, 2014. Atmospheric Environment 90, 113-124.
11www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 11www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Improving the Smart Control of Air Pollution in Europe
Website: https://www.iscapeproject.eu/
12www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 12www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Green barriers (iSCAPE project)
visit: https://www.iscapeproject.eu/
13www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 13www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
9 m
13 m11 m
1.5 m
7 m
3
(d) TOA
1.5 m 1.2 m
(a) HON
1 m
7 m3 m
1.5 m
10 m
(c) TON
1 m
7 m6 m
1.5 m 2 m
(b) HOA
7 m4.5 m
1.2 m
1.5 m
4 m
(e) THN3.5
7 m5 m
7 m
9 m
1.5 m
5m
(f) THA
7 m
Near-road scenario (<1m) Far-road scenario (>2m)
*Figures are not in scale
Instruments on tripod
Guildford field campaign
Measuring point behind vegetation Measuring point In front of vegetation
RoadFootpath Unpaved earth or grass Abhijith & Kumar, 2019. Atmospheric Environment 201, 132-147.
14www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 14www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Average ∆pollutant concentration : Along-road>Cross-road>Cross-Vegetation
Guildford field campaign
Abhijith & Kumar, 2019. Atmospheric Environment 201, 132-147.
15www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 15www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
GI treatment in dispersion models
How can GI be considered in readily available dispersion models to allow evaluation of its impacts on pollutant concentrations and health risk assessment?
Tiwari, Kumar et al., 2019. Science of The Total Environment 672, 410-426.
16www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 16www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar16
Trees Tree + HedgeHedge
Open Road
Passive solutions
Abhijith & Kumar, 2019. Atmospheric Environment 201, 132-147.
17www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 17www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
City Hall Guidance on the use of GI
Available from:https://www.london.gov.uk/WHAT-WE-DO/environment/environment-publications/using-green-infrastructure-protect-people-air-pollution
Covers both street and open-road conditions
18www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareThursday, 21/07/2017 18www.surrey.ac.uk/gcareApril 2019 @pk_shishodia @AirPollSurrey © Prof P Kumar
Thank you!
Contact: Professor Prashant KumarEmail: [email protected]
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