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One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of 

computers. They are widely used in Industries and in Universities. Now there

is hardly any sphere of human life where computers have not been pressed in

to service of man. We are heading fast on the close of this present century

towards a situation when a computer will be as much part of man’s daily life as

a telephone or a calculator.Computers are capable of doing etremely complicated wor! in all branches of 

learning . They can solve the most comple mathematical problems or put

thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put to varied uses.

"or instance# they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic#

or they can count the number of times the word $and% has been used in the

&ible. &ecause they wor! accurately and at high speed# they save the research

wor!ers hard wor!. This whole process by which machines can be used to

wor! for us had been called 'automation’. In the future 'automation’ may

enable human beings for more leisure than they do today. The coming of 

automation is bound to have important social conse(uences.

)ome years ago an epert on automation# )ir *eon &agrit # pointed out that it

was a mista!e to believe that these machines could 'thin!’ . There no

 possibility that human beings will be $controlled by machines%. Though

computers are capable of learning from their mista!es and improving on their 

 performance# they need detailed instructions from human beings to operate.

They can never# as it were# lead independent lives or% rule the world% by

ma!ing decision of their own.)ir *eon said that in future# computers would be developed which

would be small enough to carry in the poc!et. Ordinary people would than be

able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged

into a national networ! and be used li!e radios. "or instance# people going on

holiday could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers can be given

alternative routes when there are traffic +ams. It will also be possible to ma!e

tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common

language to tal! to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publication. It is impossible to assess that importance of a machine of this

short# for many international misunderstandings are caused simple through our 

failure to understand each other. Computers will also be used in ordinary

 public hospital# by providing a machine with a patient’s systems, a doctor will

 be able to diagnosis the nature of illness. )imilarly machines could be used to

!eep a chec! on a patient’s health record and bring it up to date. -octors will

there for have immediate access to a great many facts which will help in their 

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wor!. &oo!!eepers and accountants too could be relieved of dull clerical wor!#

for the tedious tas! of compiling and chec!ing lists of figures could be done

entirely by machines. Computers will also be able to tell the eact the age a

man is going to live# with the help of his blood picture. Computers are the most

efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be

used to improve our life style and life.

  ./ What is the greatest advancement in modern technology0

  .1 2plain 3utomation0

  .4 What was the prediction of )ir *eon about the computers in future0

  .5 Name the areas where computers can be effectively used0

.6 "ind word in above passage which convey the similar meaning for 

i7 -ifficult or comple

ii7 Collect or arrange

iii7 3nother choice

 PASSAGE-5

The New year is the time for resolution .8entally# at least most of us could

compile formidable lists of 'do’s and 'don’ts’. The same old favorites recur 

year in and year out with the children# do a thousand and one +ob about thehouse# be nice to people we don’t li!e# drive carefully# and ta!e the dog for a

wal! every day. 9ast eperience has taught us that certain accomplishments are

 beyond attainment. If we remain deep rooted liars# it is only because we have so

often eperienced the frustration that results from failure.

  8ost of us fail in our efforts at self:improvement because our schemes are

too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also ma!e the

fundamental error of announcing our resolution to everybody so that we loo! 

even more foolish when we slip bac! into our bad old ways. 3ware of these

 pitfalls# this year I attempted to !eep my resolution to myself. I limited myself 

to two modest ambitions# to do physical eercise every morning and to read

more in the evening. 3n overnight party on New year’s eve provided me with a

good ecuse for not carrying out either of these new resolution on the first day

of the year# but on the second# I applied myself assiduously to the tas!.

 The daily eercise lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early

in the morning before anyone had got up. The self:discipline re(uired to drag

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myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.

 Nevertheless# I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before

anyone found me out. 3fter +umping about in the carpet and twisted the human

frame into uncomfortable positions. I sat down at the brea!fast table in an

ehausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The net morning the whole

family trooped into watch the performance. That was really unsettling but Ifended off the taunts and +ibes of the family good humoredly and soon

everybody got used to the idea. ;owever# my enthusiasm waned# the time I

spent at eercises gradually diminished. *ittle by little the eleven minutes fell to

th I was bac! to where I had started from. I argued that if I

spent less time ehausting myself at eercises in the morning. I would !eep my

mind fresh for reading when I got home from wor!. ?esisting the hypnoti

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the Cretaceous 9eriod. &elow the layer# certain species of foraminiferaEor 

forams# for shortEwere preserved. In the clay layer# there were no forams.

3bove the layer# the earlier species disappeared and new forams appeared.

;aving been taught the uniformitarian view# which held that any apparent

etinctions throughout geological time resulted from 'the incompleteness of the

fossil record’ rather than an actual etinction# 3lvare< was not sure what to

ma!e of the lacuna in geological time corresponding to the missingforaminifera# because the change loo!ed very abrupt.

;ad Walter 3lvare< not as!ed his father# the Nobel 9ri

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ways serendipitous

B27 The earth’s magnetic poles were shifted by a catastrophic occurrence

&. Proponents of the niformitarian "iew wold most li!ely arge that

B37 the clay layer actually contained foram too small for 3lvare< to detect

B&7 the absence of foram suggested a mass etinctionBC7 iridium could li!ely be found in the clay layer 

B-7 that the lac! of forams in the clay reflected a gap in the fossil record

B27 the orientation of the earth’s magnetic field is capable of reversing

'. According to the passage( it can most li!ely be inferred that iridim

B37 Can be used by scientists to determine the duration of an event

B&7 causes mass etinctions in a short period

BC7 gathers ecessively in clay deposits

B-7 helps scientists determine the orientation of the magnetic fieldB27 leads to inaccurate conclusions regarding the chronology of an event

6. )he Al"are*es conclded that a meteorite was responsible for a mass

extinction becase

B37 dinosaurs were prone to the effects of iridium

B&7 it could account for the heightened presence of an element

BC7 cosmic dust in the form of iridium constantly ma!es its way to the 2arth’s

surface

B-7 the scaglia rosa had a sudden gap in traceable iridium

B27 the scientific community was unable to provide a more valid hypothesis