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PASS Content Standard 3.2 ves, including sound and seismic ves, waves on water, and light wav ve energy and can transfer energy en they interact with matter (such ed in telescopes, solar power, and lecommunication technology.

PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

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Page 1: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

PASS Content Standard 3.2

Waves, including sound and seismicwaves, waves on water, and light waves,have energy and can transfer energywhen they interact with matter (such asused in telescopes, solar power, andtelecommunication technology.

Page 2: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 3: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Nature of waves - 2 min

Page 4: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 5: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction the wave is moving.

Particles of the medium move up and down, but not horizontally.

Page 6: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 7: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 8: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The motion of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave is moving.

Particles of the medium move horizontally, but not up and down.

Page 9: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 10: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 11: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 12: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Baseline

The “top” of the wave.

Page 13: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Baseline

The “bottom” of the wave.

Page 14: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Baseline

The distance between the same points on two successive waves.

Page 15: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Baseline

The maximum displacementof particles from the baseline.

Page 16: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 17: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The number of complete waves per unit of time

Page 18: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Units of frequency are Hertz (Hz) 1 Hz = 1 wave per second

Page 19: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Wave Speedspeed = wavelength X frequency

Page 20: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 21: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Wave Interactions - 7 min

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 22: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The bouncing back of a wave after striking a boundary.

Page 23: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The bending of a wave due toa change in speed.

Page 24: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The bending of a wave around the edge of a barrier.

Page 25: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The interaction of two or more waves to produce a single new wave.

Page 26: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Constructive interference -crests of two waves combine

Page 27: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Destructive interference -a crest combines with a trough

Page 28: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 29: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Sound Waves - 3 min

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Page 30: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The speed of sound dependson the type of medium andthe temperature of the medium.

Page 31: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Speed of Sound - 3 min

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Page 32: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The speed of sound depends on thetemperature and nature of the medium.

solid liquid gas

Page 33: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The speed of sound in air: 331.5 m/sec at 0 oC 340 m/sec at 15 oC 346 m/sec at 25 oC

The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/sec The speed of sound in steel is 5200 m/sec

Page 34: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

A change in the frequencyand pitch of a sound dueto the motion of either thesound source or observer.

Page 35: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 36: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 37: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 38: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The speed of sound in air is 340m/s

Page 39: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 40: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The amount of energy in a wave. Amplitude determines the intensity of a wave.

Page 41: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Sounds over 120 decibelswill cause pain in the ears.

Ear damage can begin as low as 85 decibels.

Page 42: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Pitch is how low or high a sound is.

Frequency determines the pitch of a sound.

Humans can hear sounds rangingfrom 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Page 43: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Thunder has a low pitch witha frequency less the 50 Hz.

A basketball whistle has a high pitchwith a frequency close to 1000 Hz.

Page 44: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Timbre is the "quality" of sound.

An object producing sound is actually vibrating at several frequencies.

The better these pitches blend, the better the sound quality.

Page 45: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Sound with a pleasing quality,a definite identifiable pitch,and a definite repeated rhythm.

Crumping

Page 46: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Sound with a no pleasing quality,no identifiable pitch, and no definite repeated rhythm.

Page 47: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 48: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 49: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 50: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The Human Ear

Page 51: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The Ears and Hearing - 6 min

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Page 52: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The Outer Ear:

• Ear flap - Catches sound waves and turns them into the ear canal. • Ear canal - Funnels the waves to the eardrum. • Eardrum - A tightly stretched membrane that vibrates as the sound waves strike it.

Page 53: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

EarFlap

Ear Canal

Eardrum

Outer Ear

Page 54: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The Middle Ear:

• Hammer - Bone touching the inside of the eardrum.

• Anvil - Bone that picks up vibrations ofthe hammer and passes themto the stirrup.

• Stirrup - Bone touching the membrane leading to the inner ear.

Page 55: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Hammer

AnvilStirrup

Middle Ear

Page 56: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The Inner Ear:

• Cochlea - A coiled, fluid-filled cavity.

• This cavity contains hundreds of fibers that are attached to nerves leading to the brain.• The motion of the fluid causes the fibers to send impulses to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.

Page 57: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Cochlea

Inner Ear

Page 58: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 59: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Light - 3 min

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Page 60: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

1. The atoms is normal.2. An electron absorbs a packet of energy.3. The electron jumps to a higher energy level.

Page 61: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

4. The atom is now "excited".5. The electron drops back to its normal energy level.6. The electron releases the excess energy as a photon of LIGHT.

Page 62: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 63: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Using the Electromagnetic Spectrum - 3 min

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Page 64: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 65: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 66: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 67: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Transparent - Light passes through so you can see clearly.Translucent - Light passes through but is scattered so you cannot see clearly.

Page 68: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Opaque - Light does not pass through an object.

Page 69: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 70: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

A comparison of the speed of light in air with the speed of light in a certain material.

The larger the index of refraction, the more light rays are bent.

Page 71: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

An object that forms a spectrum as light passes through it.

Page 72: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Incandescent Light

Electricity passes through a wire filament making it glow.

Page 73: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Fluorescent Light

Electricity causesphosphors insidea glass tube to glow.

Page 74: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Neon Light

Electricity excites the atoms of a gas to produce photons of light.

Page 75: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Polarized Light

Light with all wavesvibrating in the same plane.

Page 76: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Laser Light

Coherent light ofonly one frequency.

Coherent light is in phase, meaningthe crests and troughs of the waves all move in the same directionat the same time.

Page 77: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Light Pigments

Page 78: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The science of controlling light.

Page 79: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Light can be controlled in 3 ways: Block it, Bend it, or Reflect it

Page 80: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Plane Mirror - A flat surface that reflects light and forms a virtual image.Plane mirrors produce virtual images.A virtual image is one that appears behind the surface of the mirror.

Concave Mirror - The surface of the mirror curves inward.Concave mirrors produce real images. A real image is one that can be projected onto a screen.

Convex Mirror - The surface of the mirror curves outward.

Page 81: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Mirrors - 3 min

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Page 82: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Convex Lens - Thicker in the center than at the edges.

The point at which the rays come together is called the focal point.

When the rays continue past the focal point, an inverted, real image forms.

Concave Lens - Thicker at the edges than at the center.

When parallel rays pass through a concave lens, they are bent away from the center.

Page 83: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Double Convex Lens

Page 84: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Double Concave Lens

Page 85: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Lenses - 3 min

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Page 86: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact
Page 87: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Ideally, the image formed by the eye's lens should fall directly on the retina.

Page 88: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Nearsightedness

The eyeball is too thick, causing the image to focus in front of the retina.

A person can't see distant objects, but can see near objects well.

Page 89: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Nearsightedness

A concave lens can be used to correct this problem.

Page 90: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Farsightedness

The eyeball is too thin, causing the image to focus behind the retina.

A person can see distant objects clearly, but has difficulty with near objects.

Page 91: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Farsightedness

A convex lens can be used to correct this problem.

Page 92: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

The number of frames per second at which sequential images are no longer seen separately.

Page 93: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Humans can distinguish from16 to 24 frames per second.

Page 94: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact

Motion pictures show about 30 still frames per second.

Page 95: PASS Content Standard 3.2 Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact