Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transport in AsiaHanoi City - Vietnam

Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI)

Ministry of Transport

Part 1: IntroductionOverview of HanoiTransport ChallengesTransport Goals Definition of “Sustainable Transport” for Hanoi

Part 2: Data Leading to IndicatorsInformation ChartIndicator OverviewGaps/Weakness

Part 3 : Most Important Challenges for HanoiPart 4 : Indicator HierarchyPart 5 : Next Steps

Hanoi Introduction

Hanoi

Ho Chi Minh City

CapitalCultural,political, andeconomic centerof Vietnam

•Area : 920.97sqKms•Population: 3.05 mil•Population density: 3317 per/sq-kms• 9 urban districts• 5 rural districts• 2nd ranking economic prosperity• 4th rankingpopulation

Part 1

Transport challenges (1)

• High number of private vehicles (especially, two-wheelers)- 412 motorbikes/ 1000 population (Car: 43cars/1000 p.)- Vehicle frequency from traffic counts(2003):

• Number of vehicle is growing rapidly ( 10 recent years) - Average annual growth of motorbike : 13% - Average annual growth of car : 10%• Narrow streets; Low road space; - Land use for transport of 6.1% with 1% for parking/storage ( Other countries’ cities : 15-25% and 8% )

bicycle22%

bus2%

motorbike71%

truck2%

car3%

Part 1

Transport challenges (2)

• Limited parking space:- Existing land use for parking space : 0.31% (including parking space of streets and sidewalks)10% of parking demand

• Congestion• Air pollution from transport

Part 1

Part 1

Transport problems

Transport goals (2)

- Goals for Travel Modes in Hanoi

- Study and Develop Urban Railway Network (Metro & Sky Train)

Part 1

Means of Transport 2005 2010 2020 PSUTA goals 2020

Urban Bus + Taxi 15/5% 15-20/5% 20-25/5% 20-25/5%

Urban Railway 8-10% 30% 30%

Public transport =(1)+(2) 20% 30-35% 55-60% 55-60%

Bike 14% 13-14% 7% 7%

Motorbike 49% 38% 15-20% 15-20%

Car 8% 9-12% 11-17% 11-17%

Regional passenger bus+others

9% 10% 12% 12%

Definition of “Sustainable Transport “ for Hanoi

“Sustainable Transport means Transport system which are Optimize transport network meets the mobility needs of the present, easy access and smooth mobility for different income groups, does not pollute environment, meets travel needs for all, minimize congestion, traffic accidents and compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their transport needs”

Environment

Economics Social

Sustainable

Part 1

Population and Population density by districts in 2003Population Population density

Indicator and Data – PEOPLE (2)

Part 2

398th

104th

36.5

0.857

Bus NetworkIndicator and Data – TRANSPORT (3)

Total route : 41 routes

• Total length : 778.1 Kms

• Number of vehicle:680•Daily passenger :775 846

(22.5mil/month)Source: TUPWS, 8,2004

Source : TRAMOC (1978-2003) – survey IMV (2004)

Public Transport by Bus

(mil.passengers/year)

0

50

100

150

200

19

78

19

92

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

Part 2

Inner-City

29%

64%

4%

1%

2%

Pedicab bicycle motorbike

Car Taxi Bus(of company,school,offi ce)

Public bus Inter-provincial passenger bus Others

Suburb

47%

43%

1%4%

5%

P edicab bicycle motorbike

Car Taxi Bus(of company,school,office)

P ublic bus Inter-provincial passenger bus Others

Whole city

37%

55%

4%3%

1%

Pedicab bicycle motorbike

Car Taxi Bus(of company,school,office)

Public bus Inter-provincial passenger bus Others

Source: Householde interview survey 10.000 questionnaires, TDSI, 2003 Part 2

Modal Share of trip by modeIndicator and Data – TRANSPORT(4)

Trip distance by Mode

50%

20%

15%

15%

Go home

Go to work

Go to School

Others

Travel time by Mode

Share of trips by purpose

Source: Households interview survey 10.000 questionnaires, TDSI, 2003

Indicator and Data – TRANSPORT (5)

Part 2

Year Source Trips/per./day1995 JICA 1.412002 TDSI 1.582003 TDSI 1.74

TDSI, 2004

Registered Vehicles in Hanoi

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Car Motorbike Car+Motorbike

Vehicle NumbersIndicator and Data – TRANSPORT (6)

Vehicle type

Fuel Intensity (liters/100km) on highwaywith speed 90km/h

Fuel Intensity (liters/100km)

in cityGasoline engines Diesel engines

Cars < 9 Seats

- Cars 5.6-11.3(l) 9.2-13.9(l)

- Small buses 8.3-8.4(l) 7.0-7.2(l) 11.1-11.5(l)

Passenger > 24 Seats

Passenger < 24 Seats

Small trucks 9.5-10(l) 7.2-9.8(l) 8.5-12.4(l)

Heavy trucks

Motorcycles 1.8-2.2l(l) 2.7-3.3(l)

Buses

-Bus 80 Seats 32-41(l)

-Bus 60 Seats 20-34(l)

-Bus 24 Seats 16-17(l)

in 2003 Vehicle : 126 478 Motorcycle: 1 197 166 Total: 1 323 644

Fuel Intensity by Vehicle and fuel

Part 2

Indicator and Data - ECONOMICS

Contribution to GDP of Transport Branch

Transport construction activity and investment

Economic Profitability of public and private transport firms

Transportation expenditures of households

Source : TDSI, 2003 Part 2

Expenditures Item 1000 VND (%)

Vehicles 3500 33.87

Fuel (gasoline) 2978.4 28.82

Fuel (diesel) 350.4 3.39

Insurance 140 1.35

Maintenance and Repairs 1000 9.68

Parking 2000 19.35

Tolls 365 3.53

Total 10333.8 100.00

NO2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Ng

a T

u V

on

g

Ng

a T

u S

o

Kim

Lie

n G

iai

Ph

on

g

inte

rse

ctio

n

Ph

ap

Va

n

inte

rse

ctio

n

Ch

uo

ng

Du

on

g B

rid

ge

(So

uth

)

Sa

i D

on

g

(NH

5)

Th

an

g L

on

g

Bri

dg

e(S

ou

th)

Co

nh

ue

Location

NO

2(m

g/m

3)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT

Air Quality (3)Standard NO2=0.1 mg/m3

Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 –DONRE of Hanoi - Controlling pollution and giving out environmental protection mitigations in activities of vehicle- VR- 7/2002.

Part 2

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT

Air Quality (4)Standard SPM=0.2 mg/m3

SPM

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

Nga Tu Vong Nga Tu So Kim Lien GiaiPhong

intersection

Phap Vanintersection

ChuongDuong Bridge

(South)

Sai Dong(NH5)

Thang LongBridge(South)

Co nhue

Location

SP

M(m

g/m

3)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 –DONRE of Hanoi - Controlling pollution and giving out environmental protection mitigations in activities of vehicle- VR- 7/2002.

Part 2

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT

Hot Spots for

pollution No Intersections

1 Nga Tu So

2 Nga Tu Vong

3 Chua Boc

4 Kim Lien – Giai Phong

5 Ton That Tung – Pham Ngoc Thach

6 Cau Giay

7 Nam Cau Chuong Duong

8 Sai Dong

No Roads

1 Giai Phong

2 Truong Chinh

3 Chua Boc

4 Tay Son – Ton Duc Thang

5 Nguyen Trai

6 Kim Ma – Nguyen Thai Hoc

7 Duong Lang

8 Pham Van Dong

Part 2Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 – DONRE of Hanoi.

Indicator and Data – SAFETY and ACCIDENTS

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Accidents Fatalities Injuries

in 2003 Accident: 1331 Fatalities : 460 Injuries : 1138

Part 2

0.0E+00

2.0E-03

4.0E-03

6.0E-03

Accidents/vehicles Fatalities/vehicles

Indicator and Data – GAPS/WEAKNESS

•Data are collected from varied sources which own data, it does not the same.

•Data are collected from varied sources and through one-off projects, meaning there is a lack of consistency in indicator information.

•Lack of coordination organizations, sharing information

• Environment : - Lack of indicator data on environment – there is a need for this that is not being met by current development studies. More environment data must be collected/maintained in order to move to the next level of development.

Part 2

MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGES FOR HANOI

ACCESS/CONGESTION/TRANSPORT•Development of public transport network•Land use for transport (parking space and road space)•Congestion hotspots

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH•Environment: air quality and pollutant concentrations

SAFETY AND SECURITY•Traffic accidents

Part 3

Part 4

Indicator Pyramid : ACCESS/CONGESTION/TRANSPORT

Access/Congestion

Congestion time (mins/km)Congestion cost ($m per year)

Delay by streets, journey, mode

O-D survey:Travel time and duration; travel purpose

Traffic flow by streetSpeeds by street

Part 4

Indicator Pyramid : ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHAir Quality and Pollutant Concentrations

Grams per cubic centimeter; days per year : NOx; CO; SO2; SPM; PbFuel use; emissions coefficients and driving cycles by vehicle type;

Days concentrations exceed critical valuesEconomic and health costs of pollution

Average concentration of pollutants in the ambient airShare of vehicles by type meeting most recent emissions control standard

Share of vehicles by type actually passing vehicle emissions tests.

NEXT STEPS

• Master Plan for Economic and Society Development for Hanoi City 2020 (JICA)

•Setting up the target indicators for transport development and environment in Hanoi City, including air pollution implications of Master Plan.

•Fill gaps : Survey private transport every 3(or 6) months at 6 intersections during 2 years

•Environment: - Setting up environment database, sharing information - Fill gaps : Funding money for using mobile station- Equipment, training to monitor in use vehicles emission

Part 5

NEXT STEPS

•Traffic Safety

- Engineering

- Education

- Enforcement

•Develop a means for standardizing data from different sources and maintaining them consistently for the future.

Part 5

TDSI

Tel :+84-4-8257696

Fax:+84-4-8260370