PART I. COURSE STRUCTURE AND TEACHING METHODS · 2018-05-04 · PART I. COURSE STRUCTURE AND TEACHING METHODS 1.1. Course position in the education program Course “Small and middle-range

PART I. COURSE STRUCTURE AND TEACHING METHODS

1.1. Course position in the education program

Course “Small and middle-range countries of Eurasia: Institutions, cultures

and political development” aims at providing knowledge of state- and nation-

building in the region in the aftermath of the dissolution of the USSR. An emphasis

on political culture factor provides the students with a perspective that highlights

the interconnection of formal and informal structures and norms in political

processes. Another important focus will be on the historical socio-cultural and

geopolitical developments that explains to a great extent the diversity of political

systems in the post-Soviet space. Answers will be sought, therefore, to the

question as to why these societies have failed to establish viable and stable law-

based political systems. Concerning the course’s goals internal social and

political developments will be addressed first. Nevertheless, subject matter to be

covered includes the ethnic and political conflicts in the borderland Eurasian

countries and the emergence of ‘non-recognized’ and ‘semi-recognized states’

(Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, Abkhazia). An overview will be

provided of the integration frameworks for the Eurasian space as well. Special

attention will be given to the newest political trends in the states under

investigation.

The course is developed for graduate students in Politics, Government and

International Relations.

1.2. The course goals and objectives

The main goal of the course is to provide students with foundational

knowledge in analyzing and evaluating the processes of state- and nation-building

in the smaller and middle-range countries of Eurasia. An emphasis on political

culture mechanisms ensures perceiving varieties in political systems’ functioning.

Different forms of state-building are identified and explained, social and

economic consequences of policy capacity/incapacity are set out. Much attention

is given to interpretation of the relationship between state and society, as well as

possible conflicting outcomes of institution building (civil wars, secessionism,

large-scale terrorism, etc) if it ignores inequalities of power and ethnic and

regional distinctive qualities. Integration projects are being analyzed as a part of

state enhancing politics.

Course objectives include:

Providing knowledge of institution-building and culture orientations

in the newly independent Eurasian states: Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia,

Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and

Uzbekistan,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan

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Developing individual abilities to define research problem and

structure it,

Training skills to analyze the interdependence between patterns of

political culture, institutions and development in the Eurasian states,

Intellectual training in outlining main trends of political processes at

national and subnational level.

1.3. Learning outcomes

The basic principle of the course is researching while learning. The

systematic training of analytical, system and communication competencies here

plays a key role. Classes are generally held to promote active learning (e.g., case

studies, cooperative learning, and problem-based learning).

The lecturers use selective methods of presentation, for example

discussions among the students, supervised group work, analysis of case-studies

and project work to ensure convincing results.

By the end of this course students should be able to:

1. Assess the nature and development of political systems and cultures of

smaller and middle-range states of Eurasia,

2. Analyze and discuss common and specific features of the political

institutions’ evolution in these countries,

3. Examine critically main problems and prospects of Integration Frameworks

in Eurasia taking into account domestic political developments in the states

in question,

4. Understand the interaction and interconnection of internal and external

factors in the outbreak and escalation of the secessionist movements and

non-recognized states formation.

1.4. Course requirements

Students will be required to attend not less than 90% of classes and be

prepared for class discussions. Conscientious reading of the assigned materials is

a must. Students will also be required to write an essay (about 1000-1500 words)

in the course and to present its main findings during the last class. Student

opponents will be assigned for each presentation. The purpose of the essay is to

get an experience of an analytical work writing and public discussion.

1.5. Course assessment

Class participation, discussions - 35%

Tests – 30%

Essay – 25%

Essay presentation – 10%

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PART 2. COURSE CONTENT

2.1 Types of work

Types of work Academic

hours

Total 144 Total for lectures and seminars 30

Lectures 16

Seminars 14

Homework 114 Essay 30

Preparation for lectures, seminars and in-class tests 78

Acting as an opponent for another student’s essay (reading an

essay, preparing questions and asking them after the presentation)

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Course works Participation in the seminars

Essay

Being an opponent

Course assessment Essay

Essay presentation

Tests

Being an opponent

Exam

2.2 Course plan

Course Outline Academic hours

Lectures Seminars Homework Academic hours

per topic

Course outline. Post-Soviet Regime Change in

Comparative Perspective: From Soviet Legacy

to Choice

1 1 6 4

Unit 1. Political processes in Belarus,

Ukraine and Moldova

3 3 12 20

Belarus: Stability without Development 1 1 4 6

Ukraine: Institutional Viability and Policy

Capacity

1 1 4 6

Moldova: Strong Competition within a Weak

State

1 1 12 6

Test 1

Unit 2. Political processes in Southern

Caucasian states

3 3 12 18

4

Georgia: Electoral Revolutions and Regime

Transition

1 1 4 6

Armenia: Fragmented Political Leadership

and Dilemmas of Political Development

1 1 4 6

Azerbaijan: Stability without Change 1 1 12 6

Test 2

Unit 3. Political Processes in Newly Formed

Central Asian states

5 5 20 30

Kazakhstan: Post-Soviet Nation Building 1 1 4 6

Kyrgyz Republic: The Worsening Record of

Democratic Governance

1 1 4 6

Turkmenistan: A Non-Institutionalized

Neopatrimonial Regime

1 1 4 6

Tajikistan: The Challenges to National

Consolidation

1 1 4 6

Uzbekistan: Consolidation of

Authoritarianism

1 1 12 6

Test 3

Unit 4. 3 3 28 32

Semi-Recognized and Non-Recognized States

of the Eurasian Space: Stateness without

Statehood

1 1 4 4

Essay presentations and reviews - 2 32 10

Concluding discussion 2 - 4 4

Total 15 15 114 144

2.3. Course content

Topic 1. Course outline. Post-Soviet regime change in comparative

perspective: From Soviet legacy to choice.

Introduction to the course. Course format. Goals, objectives and

assessment. Course content: outline of main topics.

Methodological and theoretical approaches to studying regime

transformations in the post-Soviet countries. Institutional organization of the

Soviet empire. Dual nature of Soviet ethno-federalism. Empires and territorial

polities.

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Soviet institutions and resources of post-Soviet state- and nation-building.

Variety of local cultures and traditions. Centre-perifery relations and their impact

on state- and nation-building in the Eurasian space (the NIS).

A typology of state-building processes in the newly independent states.

Statehood and stateness.

General overview of regime change in the NIS. Major indices assessing

the effectiveness of government, democracy, etc.

Themes for discussion:

1. What are the main factors explaining, from your point of view, the

diversity of political regimes in the post-Soviet space?

2. Why did some countries complete a democratic transition, while others

could not sustain more than limited political reform (according to Thomas

Carothers)?

3. Why postcommunist regime dynamics cannot be explained solely in the

paradigm of transition to democracy (according to Henry Hale)?

Compulsory Readings

Carothers T. The end of the transition paradigm// Journal of Democracy. –

http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Carothers-13-1.pdf

Hale H. Introduction // Patronal politics: Eurasian regime dynamics in

comparative perspective. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 2-

18.

Further Readings

Melville A. & Mironyuk M. “Bad enough governance”: State

capacity and quality of institutions in post-Soviet autocracies // Post-Soviet

Affairs. – 2016. – Vol. 32, No. 2. P.132-151. Available from: Academic Search

Premier (EBSCOhost).

Gel’man V. Out of the frying pan, into the fire? Post-Soviet regime changes in

comparative perspective// International Political Science Review. – 2008. – Vol.

29, No 2. P.157-180. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Fisun O. Rethinkig post-Soviet politics from a neopatrimonial perspective //

Democratizatsiya. – 2012. – Vol. 20, Issue 2. – P. 87-96. Available from:

Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Internet-resources


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Worldwide governance indicators. – Mode of access:

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home

Failed states index. - Mode of access: http://library.fundforpeace.org/fsi

Human development reports. – Mode of access:

http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/

Polity IV project. – Mode of access:

http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm

Democracy Index. Economist intelligence unit. - Mode of access:

http://www.economist.com/topics/economist-intelligence-unit

Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS (official statistical information on

social and economic situation in the CIS countries) (in Russian). - Mode of

access: www.cisstat.com

Strategic Culture Foundation online journal. – Mode of access:

http://www.strategic-culture.org/

UNIT 1. POLITICAL PROCESSES IN BELARUS, UKRAINE AND

MOLDOVA

Topic 2. Belarus: Stability without development

Domestic political conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Creation of new political institutions. Normative frameworks: Declaration of state

sovereignty (1990), Constitution (1994). Executive power: President and his

authorities; Government. Legislative power: National Assembly (House of

Representatives, Council of the Republic). Judicial branch. Local authorities

(Councils of deputies) and their role in the political system.

Political culture framing. “Cultural border of Europe” (S. Huntington). The

role of long quasi-statehood history. Changes in the social structure during the

Soviet period (from rural to urban society). “Soviet” political culture. A quest for

national identity in the post-Soviet period. Civil society.

Union State of Russia and Belarus and its development.

Evolution of political institutions. Political divide of early 1990s (prime-

minister Kebich vs parliamentary leader Schushkevich; Russian orientation vs

Western orientation). Elections of 1994 (A. Lukashenko’s victory). Changes in

institutional design: in search of balance between executive and legislative

branches. Expansion of president’s authorities under the constitution of 1994.

Establishment of Russia-Belorussia Union (1996). Features of super presidential

system and bureaucratic state in Belorussia. President A. Lukashenko’s terms:

undemocratic regime or populist rule?

Party system. The emergence of party system in early 1990s. The

Belarusian Popular Front. Communist party of Belarus. Agrarian party. Liberal

http://library.fundforpeace.org/fsi




http://www.cisstat.com/


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Democratic Party. Party of Belorussian communists. Political opposition in the

contemporary Belarus. Political participation.

Level of social development. Socio-economic indicators. Social-oriented

market economy. Bureaucracy and modernization. State (80%) and private

sectors (20%).

Main trends of political process (internal and external aspects): stability

without development?


1. What are the reasons of 'authoritarian stability' in Belarus? What are the

factors, which make this 'stability' sustainable? What are the fundamental

weaknesses of this situation?

2. What are the specific features of national ideology in Belarus (according to

Natalia Leschenko)?

Compulsory Readings

Hale H. Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative

Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P.258-266.

Leshchenko N. The National Ideology and the Basis of the Lukashenka

Regime in Belarus// Europe-Asia Studies. 2008. Vol.60, No.8. Pp.1419-1433.

Available from: Taylor and Francis.

Further Readings

1. Marples D. Europe’s Last Dictatorship: The Roots and Perspectives of

Authoritarianism in “White Russia”// Europe-Asia Studies. 2005. Vol.57, No.6.

Pp.895-908. Available from: Taylor and Francis.

2. Volakhava L. Belarusians’ Self-Identification in the Context of

Civilizational Borderland// Sravnitel’naya Politika (Comparative Politics). 2013.

No.1 (11). Pp.4-22. Mode of access: http://www.mgimo.ru/comparpolit/2013-1/

3. White S., McAllister I., Light M., Löwenhardt J. A European or a Slavic

Choice? Foreign Policy and Public Attitudes in Post-Soviet Europe // Europe-

Asia Studies. 2002. Vol.54, No. 2 (March). Available from: Taylor and Francis.

4. Belarus: choices for the Future: National Human Development Report /

United Nations Office in the Republic of Belarus. - Minsk, 2000. Available from:

http://undp.by/en/undp/pub/nhdr/

5. Ioffe G. Belarus and the West: From Estrangement to Honeymoon/ Journal

of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 2011. 27:2. P.217-240. Available

from: Taylor and Francis.

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6. Rotman D., Veremeeva N. Belarus in the Context of the Neighbourhood

Policy: Between the EU and Russia/ Journal of Communist Studies and

Transitions Politics. 2011. 27:1. P.73-98. Available from: Taylor and Francis.

Internet resources

National Legal Portal of the Republic of Belarus. Mode of access:

http://law.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=V19402875e

The Official Internet Portal of the President of the Republic of Belarus. Mode

of access: http://president.gov.by/en/

Belorussian Institute for Strategic Studies. URL:

http://belinstitute.eu/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1

Topic 3. Ukraine: Institutional viability and policy capacity

Formation of the new political system after the dissolution of the USSR.

Normative framework for state-building: Declaration of State Sovereignty (1990),

Act of Declaration of Independence (1991), Law on Power (1995), Constitution

(1996). Constitutional norms and the separation of powers.

Historical sociocultural developments. Centers and borders. Regionalism in

the Ukrainian context: Aspects of ‘east-west’ split. Strategies of state- and nation-

building: nation-state or state-nation (A. Stepan).

Differences in regional preferences and political orientations. Crimean

autonomy.

Mixed, polarized, and segmented nature of the political culture of Ukraine.

Complicated system of interaction between formal and informal norms under the

presidency of Leonid Kravchuk and Leonid Kuchma.

Institutionalization of the party system in Ukraine. Electoral protests and

democratization. Outcomes of the Orange revolution.

Nation-building under Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. The

relationship between political attitudes and partisanship.

Origins of parliamentary and governmental crises in Ukraine. Ukraine

crisis of 2013-14 (Euromaidan). Current system of government. Current trends of

political development.


1. What are the main factors explaining Ukraine's weakness in state-

and nation-building?

http://president.gov.by/en/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_State_Sovereignty_of_Ukraine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Ukraine

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2. Prospects for overcoming the current Ukrainian crisis phenomena

(your point of view).

Compulsory Readings

Stepan A. Comparative theory and political practice: Do we need a ‘state-

nation’ model as well as a ‘nation-state’ model? // Government and Opposition. –

2008. – Vol. 43, No. 1. P. 1-25.

Kuzio T. Political culture and democracy: Ukraine as an immobile state //

East European Politics and Societies. – 2011. - Vol. 25, No 1. P. 88-99. Available

from: SAGE Journals.

Further Readings

Barrington L.W., Herron E.S. One Ukraine or many? Regionalism in Ukraine and

its political consequences // Nationalities Papers. – 2004. - Vol. 32, Issue 1. P.53-

86. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Brudney Y.M., Finkel E. Why Ukraine is not Russia. Hegemonic national identity

and democracy in Russia and Ukraine // East European politics and societies. -

2011. – Vol.25, No 4. P.813-833. Available from: SAGE Journals.

Hale H. Patronal politics: Eurasian regime dynamics in comparative perspective. -

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 178-190 (Orange revolution),

325-331, 234-238 (Euromaidan).

O’Loughlin J., Toal G. & Kolosov V. The rise and fall of “Novorossiya”:

examining support for a separatist geopolitical imaginary in southeast Ukraine //

Post-Soviet Affairs. – 2017. – Vol. 33, No. 2. P. 124-144.

Additional Readings

Haran O. From Viktor to Viktor: Democracy and authoritarianism in Ukraine //

Demokratizatsiya. - 2011. Vol. 19, Issue 2. P.93-110. Available from: Academic

Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Kuzio T. Regime type and politics in Ukraine under Kuchma// Communist and

post-communist studies. – 2005. - Vol.38, No 2. P.167-190. - Mode of access:

http://www.taraskuzio.net/Comparative%20Politics_files/politics-

regime_type.pdf

Kuzio T. Yushchenko versus Tymoshenko: Why Ukraine’s national democrats

are divided // Demokratizatsiya. – 2013. – Vol. 21, Issue 2. P.215-240. Available

from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Kas'ianov G. The Holodomor and the building of a nation // Russian Politics &

Law. – 2010. - Vol. 48, Issue 5. P. 25-47. Available from: Academic Search


http://www.taraskuzio.net/Comparative%20Politics_files/politics-regime_type.pdf


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Turovsky R. Party systems in post-Soviet states: The shaping of political

competition // Perspectives on European Politics and Societies. – 2011. – Vol. 12,

No 2. P.197-213. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Internet resources



Human development reports. – Mode of access:






Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS (official statistical information on



WEB-Portal of Ukrainian government. - Mode of access:

http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en

Topic 4. Moldova: Strong competition within a weak state

Moldova as a Soviet construct (MSSR). Mixed ethnic composition and

linguistic complexion. National renaissance and the ‘Romanian Question’ in

1989-90. Popular Front of Moldova activities. Redefinition of alliances, borders

and spheres of influence. Language law (1989). Declaration of Sovereignty of

MSSR (1990). Proclamation of TMR (Tiraspol, 1990). Declaration of

Independence (1991). Constitution of the Republic of Moldova (1994).

Administrative capacity in political process.

Centers and borders. Basis for the Dniester war. Local consequences of

secession.

Nature of political culture in present-day Moldova. Value references,

contradictions and differences between orientations and subcultures. Stages of

‘nationalizing policy’ in Moldova.

Constitutional change from semi-presidentialism to parliamentarism (2000)

and the consolidation of the president’s party in the parliament. ‘Patrimonial

communism’ legacy of the Party of Communists of RM. Dynamic character of

political competition. Parties and ideas. Formation of pro-European liberal

coalition governments in 2010 and 2013. Governmental crises in Moldova.

Political protests of 2016. Confrontation between the President and Parliament in

2017.

Development goals for Moldova. Association agreement with the EU.





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Difficult task of reunification (Moldova-TMR): towards the ‘common

state’?


1. What historical and sociocultural factors influenced Moldova's state-

and nation-building the most?

2. Parties and government in Moldova. Why Moldova avoided an

authoritarian consolidation model?

Compulsory Readings

Hale H. Patronal politics: Eurasian regime dynamics in comparative

perspective. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 165-174.

Dressler W. Between empires and Europe: The tragic fate of Moldova //

Diogenes. - 2006. - Vol. 53, No. 2. P. 29-49. Available from: SAGE Journals.

Further Readings

Tudoroiu T. Structural factors vs. regime change: Moldova's difficult quest

for democracy // Democratization. – 2011. - Vol. 18, Issue 1. P. 236-264.

Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Korosteleva E. Moldova's European choice: “Between two stools”? //

Europe-Asia Studies. – 2010. - Vol. 62, Issue 8. P. 1267-1289. Available from:


Popescu N. Moldova’s fragile pluralism // Russian politics & law. – 2012. -

Vol. 50, Issue 4. P. 37-50. Available from: Academic Search Premier

(EBSCOhost).

Additional Readings

Protsyk O. Nation-building in Moldova / Suszycki A., Karolewski P., eds. //

Nation and nationalism: Political and historical studies. – Wroclaw: Wroclawskie

Wydawnictwo Oswiatowe, 2007. – Mode of access:

http://www.policy.hu/protsyk/Publications/NationalisminMoldova.pdf

Cash J.R. Origins, memory and identity: “Villages” and the politics of

nationalism in the Republic of Moldova// East European Politics and Societies. –

2007. – Vol. 21, No. 4. P. 588-610. Available from: SAGE Journals.

Internet-resources

Constitution of the Republic of Moldova (1994). - Mode of access:

http://www.parlament.md/CadrulLegal/Constitution/tabid/151/language/en-

US/Default.aspx


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Moldova’s International Gateway Moldova.org - Mode of access:

http://politicom.moldova.org/language-eng.html

The official website of Republic of Moldova. -

http://www.moldova.md/en/start/

The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova. The official site. - Mode of

access: http://www.parlament.md/

National Bureau of statistics of the Republic of Moldova Mode of access:

http://www.statistica.md/index.php?l=en

Infotag news agency. - Mode of access: http://www.infotag.md/en/

Moldova azi (news agency). - Mode of access: http://www.azi.md/en

Election guide. Democracy assistance & elections news. – Mode of access:

http://www.electionguide.org/



UNIT 2. POLITICAL PROCESSES IN SOUTHERN CAUCASIAN STATES

Topic 5. Georgia: Electoral revolutions and regime transition

Political landscape before the first multi-party based elections. Historical

and cultural roots of the party development process in Georgia. Electoral victory

of the anticommunist movement ‘The Round Table – Free Georgia’ (1990). Z.

Gamsakhurdia as the first president of independent Georgia. Formation of the

new state-political structure after the dissolution of the USSR. Normative

framework for state-building: Declaration of State Sovereignty (1990), Act of

Declaration of Independence (1991).

Nationalism as a cultural revival in the post-independence era. Radical

nationalistic politics of Gamsakhurdia as a major factor leading to the

independence wars of the South Ossetians and the Abkhaz. No-war-nor-peace

situation since the end of civil war (1994). ‘Years of chaos and lawlessness’ (E.

Shevarnadze).

Ex-Soviet leader E. Shevarnadze’s return to power and formation of the

presidential party ‘The Citizens’ Union of Georgia’ (CUG) to control the

parliament’s political structure. Law on Power (1995), Constitution (1996).

Constitutional norms and the separation of powers. Semi-presidentialism.




http://www.infotag.md/en/

http://www.azi.md/en


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_State_Sovereignty_of_Ukraine



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Political situation under Shevarnadze: A blend of democratic elements and

the post-communist clan system of power. Shortage of resources as a major

problem of economic modernization.

Parties and elections in 2003. Regime transition in the case of the Rose

revolution. M. Saakashvili’s pro-Western course. Problems of state

administration. New opposition to the ruling elite. Fragmentation of the

opposition. Major political parties and figures. Presidential elections in 2008 and

political instability. The war of August 2008 and deepening of the political crisis.

Constitutional amendments of 2010-2017. Georgian Dream coalition.

Parliamentary (2012, 2016) and presidential (2013) elections: a potential

democratic breakthrough?


1. What are the stages of political transformation in Georgia?

2. What is the relationship between the social structure and the

dynamics of institutional transformation in Georgia?

3. What kind of democracy was created in Georgia by Mikheil

Saakashvili?

Compulsory Readings

Hale H. Patronal politics: Eurasian regime dynamics in comparative perspective. -

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 190-194 (the Rose revolution,

205-212, 364-370).

Mitchell L. Georgia: The issue is not democracy // Survival: Global politics and

strategy. – 2012. – Vol. 54, No. 2. – P. 97-112. Available from: Academic


General Readings

Mitchell L. Dueling narratives: Storytelling and spin in Georgia // World

Affairs. - 2013. - Vol. 176, Issue 3. P. 80-84. Available from: Academic Search


Muskhelishvili M. Institutional change and social stability in Georgia //

Southeast Europeam and Black Sea studies. 2011. – Vol. 11, No. 3. P. 317-332.


Sulaberidze I. The nature of political splits: The Rose revolution // Central

Asia and the Caucasus. – 2007. – No. 1 (43). – P. 73-84. – Mode of access:

http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-nature-of-political-splits-the-rose-revolution

Additional Readings


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Kalandadze K., Orenstein M. Electoral protests and democratization. Beyond the

color revolutions // Comparative Political Studies. – 2009. – Vol. 42, No. 11. P.

1403-1425. Available from: SAGE Journals.

Wertsch J., Karumidze Z. Spinning the past: Russian and Georgian accounts of

the war of August 2008 // Memory studies. – 2009. – Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 377-391.

Available from: SAGE Journals.

Internet-resources

The Constitution of Georgia (2006). - Mode of access:

http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gg__indx.html



Georgia news, map, links. - Mode of access:

http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/georgia

Parliament of Georgia. Website. - Mode of access:

www.parliament.ge/index.php?lang=en

The President of Georgia. Website. - Mode of access:

https://www.president.gov.ge/en/



State department for statistics of Georgia. - Mode of access:

http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=0&lang=eng



Topic 6. Armenia: Fragmented Political Leadership and Dilemmas of

Political Development

Domestic political conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Creation of new political institutions. Normative frameworks: Soviet Constitution

(1978), Declaration of Independence (1991). New constitutional frameworks

(1995). Executive power: President; Government. Legislative power: National

Assembly. Changes in institutional design: referendum of 2005. Constitution

amendments: longer mandates for deputies, redistribution of power between

legislative and executive branches. Increasing role of parliament. System of local

government (provinces, Marzes, headed by governors).



http://www.parliament.ge/index.php?lang=en


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Patterns of political culture. Hybrid political culture (parochial political

culture components, patron-client loyalty, modern components of political

culture). Historical roots of Armenian nationalism: ethnicity and political culture.

Armenian diaspora. Democracy building and civil society. Features of political

participation: individual domination rather than party ideology, political

mobilization rather than interests’ aggregation and articulation. The role of

opposition. Political protests of 2008 and state of emergency. New actors of

political process: parties, expert groups, citizens’ movements).

Nagorny Karabakh: case for 1994 opposition protests. Levon Ter-Petrosian

presidency (1994-1998). Late 1990s: growing splits in political leadership. Robert

Kocharian (1999-2008) and Serzh Sargsyan presidencies (since 2008).

Constitutional reform (2015) and its implications.

Party system. Republican Party of Armenia, Dashnahtsutiun (Armenian

Revolutionary Federations, ARF), “Prosperous Armenia”, The Communist party

and others. Ruling coalition and opposition parties. Election dynamics.

Level of social development. Socio-economic indicators.

Main trends of political process (internal and external aspects).


1. What are the main features of Armenian political process and political

culture? What cultural narratives do contribute most to it?

2. What factors do favour or impede democratization in Armenia? What is the

role of Constitutional reform in this process? Outline your arguments

applying to the readings/ facts.

Compulsory Readings


Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 354-363

Iskandaryan A. Armenia Between Autocracy and Polyarchy/ Russian

Politics & Law, 2012, 50:4. P. 23-36. Available from: Francis and Taylor.

Additional Reading

Sahakyan V., Atanesyan A. Democratization in Armenia: Some Trends of

Political Culture and Behavior. Demokratizatsiya, 2006, 14, no. 3 (Summer):

347-54 URL:

https://www2.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya%20archive/GWA

SHU_DEMO_14_3/N53432T263527936/N53432T263527936.pdf

16

Ishiyama J.T., Kennedy R. Superpresidentialism and Political Party

Development in Russia, Ukraine, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan// Europe-Asia

Studies. 2001. Vol.53, No.8. P.1171-1191. Available from: Francis and Taylor.

Grigoryan M. Armenia: Who benefits from Constitutional Reform?/

Eurasianet. URL:https://eurasianet.org/s/armenia-who-benefits-from-

constitutional-reform

Internet resources

The official site of the President of the Republic of Armenia/URL:

http://www.president.am/en/

The Government of the Republic of Armenia/URL: http://www.gov.am/en/

National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia/URL:

http://www.parliament.am/?lang=eng

Constitution of the Republic of Armenia/ URL:

http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/

Topic 7. Azerbaijan: Stability without change

Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh and the rise of nationalism. Emergence of the

opposition Azerbaijani Populist Front (APF, 1988). Supreme Court resolution of

sovereignty (1989). Riots in Baku and their suppression (1990).

Independence referendum (1991). Political instability and the APF coming

to power. A. Elchibey’s presidency and its failure. G. Aliev as nation’s ‘father’.

Efforts to resolve Nagorno-Karabakh crisis.

Formation of the new state-political structure. Party system configuration

after 1992. Pro-presidential New Azerbaijan Party, Equality (Musavat) Party,

Azerbaijan Democratic Party, Motherland Party and others. New constitution

(1995). Constitutional norms and the separation of powers.

Political culture framework: nationalism, modernism, turkism.

Constitutional amendments (2000) and ‘dynastic’ handover of power to I.

Aliev in 2003. Turmoil in Baku and the restriction of the liberal opposition.

Effects of the Alievs’ ‘petroleum’ modernization. Azerbaijan as one of the

fastest- growing economies worldwide. Socio-economic challenges and

prospects.

Referendum on constitutional amendments (2009). Elimination of

presidential term limits and granting the President the power to postpone

presidential and parliamentary elections for an indefinite period during the war-

http://www.gov.am/en/


17

time. Ruling party and informal family and patronage networks as a source of

support to the regime.

Political challenges to I. Aliev’s regime.


1. What are the main features of ‘sultanistic semiauthoritarianism’ in

Azerbaijan?

2. What are the core features of Azerbaijan as a rentier state and how the

‘resource curse’ influences political development?

3. The sources and limits of "authoritarian stability" (compare the cases of

Belarus and Azerbaijan)

Compulsory Readings

Cornell S.E. Azerbaijan since independence. – N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2011. P.

162-195.



Additional Reading

Franke A., Gawrich A., Alakbarov G. Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan as post-

Soviet rentier-states: Resource incomes and autocracy as a double ‘curse’ in post-

Soviet regimes// Europe-Asia Studies. – 2009. – Vol. 61, Issue 1. P. 109-140.


Gahramanova A. Internal and external factors in the democratization in

Azerbaijan // Democratization. – 2009. - Vol.16, No. 4. P.777-803. Available


Guliev F. Post-Soviet Azerbaijan: Transition to sultanistic

semiauthoritarianism? An attempt at conceptualization // Democratizatsiya. -

2005. – Vol. 13, Issue 3. - P. 393-436. Available from: Academic Search Premier

(EBSCOhost).

O'Lear Sh. Azerbaijan's resource wealth: political legitimacy and public

opinion // Geographical Journal. – 2007. - Vol. 173, Issue 3. P. p207-223.


Rasizade A. Azerbaijan's prospects in Nagorno-Karabakh with the end of oil

boom // Iran & The Caucasus. – 2011. - Vol. 15, Issues 1 – 2. P. 299-317.


18

Internet-resources

Analytics on Caucasian Knot Internet resource. -

http://azerbaidgan.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/

Azerbaijan news, maps, links. – Mode of access:

http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/azerbaijan

Constitution of Azerbaijan. – Mode of access:

http://en.president.az/azerbaijan/constitution/#LEGISLATIVE%20SYSTEM



Human rights practices in Azerbaijan – 2004. - http://www.eng.kavkaz-

uzel.ru/articles/3936

Official site of President of Azerbaijan. – Mode of access:

http://en.president.az/





UNIT 3. POLITICAL PROCESSES IN NEWLY FORMED CENTRAL ASIAN

STATES

Topic 8. Kazakhstan: Post-Soviet Nation Building

Domestic political conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union. New

political institutional framework. Constitution (1995). Presidential political

system. N. Nazarbaev’s presidency. Government. Legislative branch: Parliament

(Mejlis and Senate). Constitutional amendments (2007). System of local

government.

Political participation and political culture. Kazakh pattern of political

modernization. Elites recruitment: factor of spatial (regional) division. Issues of

national identity. Ethnitization and nationalism as factors of territorial sovereignty

legitimization. Newly constructed national identity as a basis for nation-state (the

Oralman dilemma). Traditional and modern components of political culture.

Corruption and nepotism. Features of civil society.





http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/3936



19

Party system. National-Democratic Party “Nur Otan” as presidential party.

“Atameken” party, the Communist party, “Ak Zhol” and others. The role of

opposition.

Level of social development. Privatization of 1990s (private sector – 80%).

Socio-economic indicators. Economy growth rates (about 10% in late 1990s-early

2000s).

Main trends of political process (internal and external aspects). Soft

authoritarian rule (economic stability first, political reform second)?


1. What are the main features of political regime in Kazakhstan? What are the

specifics of political networks there?

2. Why can one describe Kazakhstan as a ‘managed democracy’? Why not?

Compulsory Readings

Koldunova E. The Impact of the Arab Spring on Central Asia: Regional and

Macro-regional Implications/ E.Koldunova// Security in Shared Neighbourhoods:

Foreign Policy of Russia, Turkey and the EU. Ed. by R. Piet, L.Simao.

Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2016. P.145-169.


Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P.249-253

Further Readings

Central Asia at the End of the Transition. Ed. by Boris Z. Rumer. Abington:

Routledge, 2016. P.195-266 Available from: eBook Academic Collection

(EBSCOhost).

Cohen A. Kazakhstan. The Road to Independence: Energy Policy and the

Birth of a Nation. Wash. D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road

Studies Program, 2008. (http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-

Library/Publications/Detail/?id=131571&lng=en)

Franke A., Gawrich A., Alakbarov G. Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan as post-

Soviet rentier-states: Resource incomes and autocracy as a double ‘curse’ in post-

Soviet regimes// Europe-Asia Studies. – 2009. – Vol.61, Issue 1. P.109-140.


Junisbai B. A Tale of Two Kazakhstans: Sources of Political Cleavages and

Conflict in the Post-Soviet Period/ Europe-Asia Studies. 2010 (March). Vol.62,

No.1. P.235-269. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

20

Internet resources

Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan/URL:

http://www.akorda.kz/www/www_akorda_kz.nsf/index?OpenForm&lang=en

Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan/URL:

http://www.parlam.kz/Information.aspx?lan=en-US

Eurasian Home. Analytical Resources (Kazakhstan Country Profile)/URL:

http://www.eurasianhome.org/xml/t/databases.xml?lang=en&nic=databases&cou

ntry=98&pid=45

Topic 9. Kyrgyz Republic: The Worsening Record of Democratic

Governance

Domestic political conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Political

institutions. Normative frameworks: Declaration of State Sovereignty (1991).

Referendum and constitutional reform (2007). Parliament: unicameral Jogorku

Kenesh. Local authorities. Country Development Strategy (2007-2010).

Political participation and patterns political culture. Clans and political elites.

Ethnocracy and ethnopolitics. Traditional components of political culture.

“Counter elite” as a driving force for constitutional reform. Role of Islam in the

political process.

Askar Akaev’s presidency (1990). Elite and counterelite factor. “Tulip

revolution” and political turbulence (2005-2007). Kurmanbek Bakiev’s advent to

power (2005). Party system: more than 90 registered parties. “Ak Zhol”, “Ar-

Namys”, “Asaba”, the Party of Kyrgyz communists, Social-Democratic party and

others. Features of electoral process. Pro-regime political bloc under Kurmanbek

Bakiev. A new wave of political violence (2010). Almazbek Atambaev’s

presidency (2011-2017).

Level of social development. Economy liberalization. Socio-economic

indicators.

Main trends of political development (internal and external aspects): moving

away from the “democracy show-case”?


1. What are common features of 'tulip revolution' and other 'colour revolutions'?

What is specific about 'tulip revolution'?

2. What are structural reasons of ongoing political instability in Kyrgyzstan?

Compulsory Readings


Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P.194-199, 314-325.


21

Central Asian Survey. Domestic and international perspectives on

Kyrgyzstan's ‘Tulip revolution’: motives, mobilization and meanings. Vol. 27

Issue 3 & 4 2008. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Further Readings





Meena Singh Roy. Future of Parliamentary Democracy in Kyrgyzstan/

Strategic Analysis. 2011. 35:2. P.199-206. (Available from Taylor & Francis).

Cheterian V. Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia’s Island of Instability/ Survival.

2010. 52:5. P.21-27. (Available from Taylor & Francis)

Hanks R. Crisis in Kyrgyzstan: Conundrums of Ethnic Conflict, National

Identity and State Cohesion/ Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 2011.

13:2. P.177-187. Available from Taylor & Francis).

Marat E. National Ideology and State-Building in Kyrgyzstan and

Tajikistan. Silk Road Paper. January 2008. Wash. D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus

Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, 2008. URl:

https://silkroadstudies.org/resources/pdf/SilkRoadPapers/2008_01_SRP_Marat_N

ational-Ideology.pdf

Internet resources

Kyrgyzstan Political Risk Analysis URL:

http://www.emergingeuropemonitor.com/analysis/russia-cis/kyrgyzstan/political-

risk

A New Kyrgyz President Takes Over in Bishkek. The Diplomat. November

24, 2017. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/a-new-kyrgyz-president-takes-

over-in-bishkek/

Topic 10. Turkmenistan: A Non-Institutionalized Neopatrimonial Regime


institutions. President as head of executive branch and government. President’s

authorities. Constitutional amendments (2003). People’s representative body:

Halk Maslahaty (the People’s Council) includes Mejlis, members of Government,

party leaders, elders. Advisory function of Halk Maslahaty. Mejlis and its

functions. Local authorities.

Political participation and political culture. Political elites as “agents of de-

modernization and re-traditionalization”. Nontransparent political process.

http://www.informaworld.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/smpp/title~db=all~content=t713409859~tab=issueslist~branches=27#v27

http://www.emergingeuropemonitor.com/analysis/russia-cis/kyrgyzstan/political-risk


22

Traditional components of political culture. Ruhnama ideology as Turkmen

national project. Features of civil society.

Emergence of authoritarian state under Turkmenbashi (Saparmurat

Niyazov): main driving forces. The personality cult and patrimonial political

regime. Gurbanguly Berdymuhameodov’s presidency (2006-). One-party system:

Democratiс party of Turkmenistan. Presidential elections (2017).

Level of social development. Land reform and energy sector. Socio-

economic indicators.

Main trends of political process (internal and external aspects): transitional

period?


1. What are the main features of the political elite in the post-Soviet

Turkmenistan?

2. Why did Turkmenistan saw no serious political transformations for the past

two decades?

Compulsory Readings

Polese A., Ó Beacháin D., Horák S. Strategies of legitimation in Central

Asia: regime durability in Turkmenistan, Contemporary Politics, 2017, 23:4, P.

427-445



Further Readings





Sabol S. Turkmenistan: Permanent Transition or Elusive Stability?/ China

and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. 2010. Vol.8, No.3. P.5-26.

(http://www.chinaeurasia.org/)

Horák S. Changes in the Political Elite in Post-Soviet Turkmenistan/ China

and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. 2010. Vol.8, No.3. P.27-46.


Peyrouse S. Berdymukhamedov’s Turkmenistan: A Modest Shift in

Domestic and Social Politics/ China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. 2010. Vol.8,

No.3. P.47-66. (http://www.chinaeurasia.org/)

23

Denison M. The Art of Impossible: Political Symbolism, and the Creation of

National Identity and Collective Memory in Post-Soviet Turkmenistan/ Europe-

Asia Studies. 2009. 61:7. P.1167-1187. Available from: Academic Search


Internet-resources

Why Turkmenistan bothered holding presidential elections, Carnegie

Moscow Center, February 21, 2017, URL: http://carnegie.ru/commentary/68071

Topic 11. Tajikistan: The challenges to national consolidation

Historical background to the establishment of independent Tajikistan.

Struggle over reforming the political system in the wake of the

disintegration of the USSR. Social and economic consequences of the

independence.

Regionalism and clan rivalry over the control of political power. Patronage

networks based on regionalism as a key to political mobilization in the aftermath

of the Soviet breakdown. The client-patronage principle in the formation of

interest groups.

Segmented and mixed nature of the political culture of Tajikistan: a

symbiosis of traditional communal and soviet structures. Growing role of Islam in

society. Nature and activities of the Islamic Revival party (IRP).

Civil war (1992-1997) and its consequences. Power structure and parallel

forces during the war. Peace agreement between the government and the

opposition forces (UTO). Origins of power of the warlords.

Constitution of 1994 and its similarity to the Russian one of 1993.

Presidential elections of 1994 and the election of E. Rahmonov (Rahmon).

Government dependency on one regional group. Developing nationalistic

narrative based on the propaganda about the Samanid.

Multi-party system and parliamentary elections (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015).

People’s Democratic Party of Tajikistan (PDPT) in power.

Constitutional amendments (2003): establishment of the upper chamber of

parliament and the prolongation of the president mandate. Prevailing power

structure and the interests of regions.

State and socio-economic development. Main challenges to political

consolidation and development.


1. What were the reasons and driving forces of the civil war in

Tajikistan?

2. What are the main challenges to national consolidation in Tajikistan?

24

3. From your point of view, is Rahmon's regime strong or weak?

Compulsory Readings



Tuncer-Kilavuz I. Political and social networks in Tajikistan and

Uzbekistan: ‘clan’, region and beyond // Central Asian survey – 2009. - Vol. 28,

No. 3. P. 323-334. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Further Readings

Nourzhanov K. Saviours of the nation or robber barons? Warlord politics in

Tajikistan // Central Asian survey – 2005. - Vol.24, No2. P.109-130. Available

from: SAGE Journals.

Zainiddinov H. The changing relationship of the secularized state to religion

in Tajikistan // Journal of Church & State. – 2013. - Vol. 55, Issue 3. P.456-477.


Tuncer-Kilavuz I. Understanding civil war: A comparison of Tajikistan and

Uzbekistan // Europe-Asia Studies. – 2011. - Vol. 63, Issue 2. P.263-290.


Additional Readings

Blakkisrud H., Nozimova Sh. History writing and nation building in post-

independence Tajikistan // Nationalities Papers. – 2010. - Vol. 38, Issue 2. P.173-


Karagiannis E. The challenges of radical Islam in Tajikistan: Hizb ut-Tahrir

al-Islami // Nationalities papers. - 2006. - Vol.34, No 1. P. 1-20. Available from:


Internet resources

Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan (1994). – Mode of access:

http://www.parlament.tj/en//index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5

7



Majlisi Oli of Republic of Tajikistan. Official site. – Mode of access:

http://www.parlament.tj/en/


25



President of Republic of Tajikistan. Official site. – Mode of access:

http://www.prezident.tj/en

Tajikistan news, map, links. – Mode of access:

http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/tajikistan



Topic 12. Uzbekistan: Consolidation of authoritarianism


institutions. Constitution (1991). Constitutional referendum (2002): expansion of

presidential term from 5 to 7 years. President and his authorities. I. Karimov’s

presidency. Legislative branch: bicameral Oliy Majlis (Legislative Chamber and

Senate) as the supreme state representative body. Local authorities.

Political participation and patterns of political culture. Clannish elites.

Absence of legal opposition. Paternalism in Uzbek politics and authoritarian

features. Post-Soviet nationalism in politics. Retraditionalization-perifirisation-

globalization and political process in Uzbekistan. Islamic factor. Political

transition (2016).

Party system: Liberal-Democratic Party, People’s Democratic Party,

National Democratic Party “Fidokorlar”, Democratic Party of Uzbekistan “Milliy

Tiklanish”, Social-Democratic Party (“Adolat”).

Level of social development. Policy of socially oriented market economy.

Water problem as economic, political and social issue. Regional ambitions.

Socio-economic indicators.

Main trends of political process (internal and external aspects). Stable

authoritarianism?


1. What are the main obstacles for Uzbekistan’s transit to liberal democracy?

(according to Vitaly Naumkin “Uzbekistan’s State-Building Fatigue”)?

2. What are the main reasons of re-traditionalization in the political life of

Uzbekistan?

Compulsory Readings



Naumkin V. Uzbekistan’s State-Building Fatigue/ The Washington

Quarterly. 2006. 29:3. P.127-140. (Available from Taylor & Francis).



26

Further Readings

Central Asia at the End of the Transition. Ed. by Boris Z. Rumer. Abington:

Routledge, 2016. P.267-294. Available from: eBook Academic Collection

(EBSCOhost).





Starr F.S. Clans, Authoritarian Rulers, and Parliaments in Central Asia. Silk

Road Paper. June 2006. URL:

http://www.silkroadstudies.org/publications/silkroad-papers-and-

monographs/item/13102-clans-authoritarian-rulers-and-parliaments-in-central-

asia.html

Spechler M. Authoritarian Politics and Economic Reform in Uzbekistan:

Past, Present and Prospects/ Central Asia Survey, 2007. Vol.26, No.2. P.185-202.


Internet resources

Republic of Uzbekistan. Portal of the State Authority/ URL:

https://www.gov.uz/en/pages/general_information

Press Service of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan/URL:

http://www.press-service.uz/en/

Uzbekistan after Islam Karimov: What to expect? The Diplomat,

September 26, 2017. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/uzbekistan-after-

islam-karimov-what-to-expect/

UNIT 4

Topic 13. Semi-recognized and non-recognized states of the Eurasian

space: Stateness without statehood

‘De facto state’ and ‘quasi-state’ as units of political analysis.

Historical background to the secessionist conflicts in Azerbaijan, Moldova and

Georgia. Weakening of the Soviet state and rise of nationalistic movements.

Increase of ethnic and regional tensions as a result of the dissolution of the Soviet

Union. Formation of new local and regional loci of power. Concept of ‘ethnic

ownership’ of land.


27

Basis for the Dniester, Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia

conflicts in 1991-1994. Political, social, economic and cultural consequences of

post-Soviet wars. Defense and control of borders and territories. Political

frameworks for institution-building. Evolution of political institutions.

Consolidation of power and crystallization of independent state-like entities.

Party systems and elections. Political participation and opposition.

Redesign of history curricula and framing national narratives.

Economy and social condition. Role of the patron state.

Institution viability and capacity to fulfill the functions of a state. The effects

of partial recognition in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.


1. What are the main factors of the formation of de-facto states in the post-

Soviet space?

2. Do these de-facto states function as state entities?

3. What are the prospects for de-facto states’ integration into the current

system of international relations?

Compulsory Readings

Blakkisrud H., Kolstø P. Dynamics of de facto statehood: The South

Caucasian de facto states between secession and sovereignty // Journal of

Southeast European & Black Sea Studies. – 2012. - Vol. 12, Issue 2. P.281-298.



perspective. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 199-204, 351-

354 (Abkhazia), 212-220 (South Ossetia), 220-228 (Transnistria), 302-304

(Nagorno-Karabakh).

Further Readings

Markedonov S. The unrecognized states of Eurasia as a phenomenon of the

USSR’s dissolution // Demokratizatsiya. – 2012. - Vol. 20, Issue 2. P.189-195.


Kolstø P., Blakkisrud H. Living with non-recognition: State- and nation-

building in South Caucasian // Europe-Asia Studies. – 2008. - Vol.60, No 3.

P.483-509. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Tishkov V. Ethnic conflicts in the former USSR: The use and misuse of

typology and data // Journal of Peace Research. – 1999. – Vol. 36, No. 5. –

September. Available from: SAGE Journals.

28

Additional Readings

O’Loughlin J., Kolossov V., Toal G. Inside Abkhazia: Survey of attitudes in

a de facto state // Post-Soviet Affairs. - 2011. – Vol. 23, No. 1. P.1-36. Available


Internet resources

Abkhaz world. – Mode of access: http://abkhazworld.com/aw/abkhazia

Abkhazia: deepening dependence. Crisis Group Europe Report №202. –

2010. - Mode of access:

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/202_abkhazia___deepening_de

pendence.ashx

MFA of Pridnestrovie. Official site. - Mode of access: http://www.mfa-

pmr.org/en

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. MFA site. – Mode of access:

http://www.nkr.am/en/

Ossetians (history, culture, political issues). - Mode of access:

http://ossetians.com/eng/

Parliament (Supreme Council) of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

Official site. - Mode of access: http://www.vspmr.org/?Lang=Eng

South Ossetia: The burden of recognition. Crisis Group Europe Report

№205. – 2010. - Mode of access:

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/205%20South%20Ossetia%20-

%20The%20Burden%20of%20Recognition.ashx

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/202_abkhazia___deepening_dependence.ashx



http://www.vspmr.org/?Lang=Eng

29

2.4 ESSAY TOPICS

1. National history and national identity in Ukraine and Belarus.

2. “Color revolutions” and regime change in Georgia and Ukraine.

3. The Orange revolution in Ukraine: triumph of civil society?

4. Nationalism and regionalism: dilemmas of state-building in Moldova.

5. Political effects of semi-presidentialism in Ukraine.

6. Constitution reform in Armenia: Pros and Cons.

7. Political discourses of identity politics and nation-building in Georgia,

Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

8. Patterns in political leadership in Transcaucasia.

9. Structural challenges to nation-building in Central Asia.

10.Re-traditionalization in Central Asia: implications for political process.

11.Elite-recruitment models and bureaucracy in the newly formed Central

Asian states.

12.Political modernization and traditional political culture in Kazakhstan.

13. ‘New’ institutions and the fusion of power in Uzbekistan.

14.Clannish elites in the process of state-building in Tajikistan.

15.Neo-patrimonial political regimes: case of Turkmenistan.

16.Elite and counter-elite factor in Kyrgyz “tulip revolution”.

17.Prospects for nation-building in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

18.Prospects and limits of regional integration projects in Eurasia: political

aspects.

EXAM TOPICS

1. The limits of "authoritarian stability" (compare the cases of Belarus,

Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan).

2. Analytical approaches to the problem of de facto states in the post-Soviet

space.

3. How could you define the phenomenon of "colour revolutions" in the post-

Soviet space?

4. What do you think about the current and possible impact of political Islam

on the durability of regimes in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan?

30

5. What are the structural factors of political instability in Ukraine and

Moldova?

6. Political modernization and traditional political culture in the newly

formed Central Asian states.

7. Features of state and nation-building in the so-called "transit

territories" of European post-Soviet space.

8. What are the political consequences of the institutionalization of

presidential system in Armenia and Azerbaijan?

9. Show the relationship between institution-building and political

stability in the cases of Georgia and Ukraine.

10. Neo-patrimonial political regimes in post-Soviet Central Asia: the

reasons of establishment, main modifications and prospects.

2.5 EXAM TIMING

Fall semester tests – last week of December; exams January 10-25

Spring semester tests – last week of May; exams June 1-25

2.6 READING LIST

Compulsory Readings

1. Blakkisrud H., Kolstø P. Dynamics of de facto statehood: The South

Caucasian de facto states between secession and sovereignty // Journal of

Southeast European & Black Sea Studies. – 2012. - Vol. 12, Issue 2. P. 281-298.


2. Carothers T. The end of the transition paradigm// Journal of

Democracy. – 2002. – Vol.13, No 1. P.5-21. – Mode of access;


3. Cornell S.E. Azerbaijan since independence. – N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe,

2011.

4. Dressler W. Between empires and Europe: The tragic fate of

Moldova // Diogenes. - 2006. - Vol. 53, No. 2. P. 29-49. Available from: SAGE

Journals.

5. Hale H. Patronal politics: Eurasian regime dynamics in comparative

perspective. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

6. Kuzio T. Political culture and democracy: Ukraine as an immobile

state // East European politics and societies. – 2011. - Vol. 25, No 1. P.88-113.



31

7. Mitchell L. Georgia: The issue is not democracy // Survival: Global

politics and strategy. – 2012. – Vol. 54, No. 2. – P. 97-112. Available from:


8. Stepan A. Comparative theory and political practice: Do we need a

‘state-nation’ model as well as a ‘nation-state’ model? // Government and

Opposition. – 2008. – Vol. 43, No. 1. P. 1-25.

9. Tuncer-Kilavuz I. Political and social networks in Tajikistan and

Uzbekistan: ‘clan’, region and beyond // Central Asian survey – 2009. - Vol.28,

No3. P.323-334. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

Further Readings

1. Barrington L.W., Herron E.S. One Ukraine or many? Regionalism

in Ukraine and its political consequences // Nationalities Papers. – 2004. - Vol.

32, Issue 1. P.53-86. Available from: Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost).

2. Bogaturov A. International Relations in Central-Eastern Asia:

Geopolitical Challenges and Prospects for Political Cooperation. The Brookings

institution working paper (June, 2004)

(http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2004/06/russia-bogaturov)

3. Brudney Y.M., Finkel E. Why Ukraine is not Russia. Hegemonic

national identity and democracy in Russia and Ukraine // East European politics

and societies. - 2011. – Vol.25, No 4. P.813-833. Available from: SAGE

Journals.

4. Cheterian V. Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia’s Island of Instability/

Survival. 2010. 52:5. P.21-27. (Available from Taylor & Francis)

5. Cohen A. Kazakhstan. The Road to Independence: Energy Policy

and the Birth of a Nation. Wash. D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk

Road Studies Program, 2008. (http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-

Library/Publications/Detail/?id=131571&lng=en)

6. Collins K. Economic and Security Regionalism among Patrimonial

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10. Human rights practices in Azerbaijan – 2004. -


a. Huskey E. An Economy of Authoritarianism? Askar Akaev and

Presidential Leadership on Kyrgyzstan. Pp.74-96

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Documents

PART I. COURSE STRUCTURE AND TEACHING METHODS · 2018-05-04 · PART I. COURSE STRUCTURE AND TEACHING METHODS 1.1. Course position in the education program Course “Small and middle-range