Part 3 The PIC Model: Ways of Implementation. 2 This Presentation Will Demonstrate MBCD - an Internet-based interactive career-planning system based on

Part 3The PIC Model:

Ways of Implementation

2

This Presentation Will

Demonstrate MBCD - an Internet-based interactive career-planning system based on the PIC model

Discuss the desirable features of Internet-based career–planning systems, and examine the extent to which MBCD conforms to these features

Discuss the importance and implications of computer-assisted career-guidance systems for career counseling

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Reminder

Career decision-making is a complex process which many people find difficult to carry out

General decision-making models adapted to the unique features of career decisions can facilitate the process

Ped solution: The PIC model which separates the CDM process into 3 distinct stages:

- Prescreening

- In-depth exploration

- Choice

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But still…

Career decision-making requires collecting a vast amount of information

Luckily, Information and Communication Technologies are available.

The use of a computer-assisted career guidance system based on the theoretical model can help overcome cognitive limitations.

There are several computer-assisted career guidance systems available, most of them on the Internet.

One of them is MBCD

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MBCD Making Better Career Decisions

MBCD is an Internet-based career planning system that is a unique combination of a career-information system a decision-making support system an expert system

designed to help deliberating individuals make better career decisions

The dialogue is divided into distinct stages, corresponding to the PIC model stages

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MBCD’s Goals

Advancing the user’s career decision-making by locating a small set of promising occupational alternatives on which s/he may focus and collect more detailed information.

Increasing the user’s readiness and motivation to make a career decision.

Presenting a practical model of career decision-making that can be implemented in future career decisions as well as other decisions.

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Target Population

High-school students who are exploring future career-options.

Young adults studying or considering to study in college or university and have to select a major or field of study.

Graduates of colleges and universities who are deliberating about what kind of job they would like to pursue.

People interested in a career transition or a “second (or third) career”.

Individuals interested in going through a systematic career decision-making process, even if they are not currently facing a career decision.

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A demonstration of

http://mbcd.intocareers.org

Collaboration between

Making Better Career Decisions

Yissum and

The Hebrew University

Intocareers The University of Oregon

Itamar1

explain about the new version - in progress. until now - the public version is in hebrew.

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MBCD’s Key Features

MBCD includes 28 career factors which make it possible to carry out a detailed comparison between the characteristics of occupations and the user's preferences

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1. (for example, reporting aspect importance is separate from reporting of within-aspect preferences).2. (e.g. work values, areas of interest, preferences for using abilities, work environment),

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MBCD’s Key Features (cont.)

Separating importance of factors from within-aspect preferences

Eliciting both facets of the individual’s preferences:

a) the optimal level

b) additional levels that the user regards as acceptable (reflecting the user’s willingness to compromise)

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Each occupation is characterized by a range of levels within each aspect, reflecting the within-occupation variance.

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monitoring - (for example, the number of alternatives eliminated as a result of the reported preferences in the last aspect) recommendations - (for example, “we recommend you to consider compromising more on this aspect”).

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The system provides detailed feedback and recommendations according to the user’s input and its effect on the search results

The dialogue is flexible and the users can change their responses at any point

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Itamar1

guidance comments during the dialogue warning: most of the occupations were eliminated in the last aspect, recommendation to over view preferences in the last aspect

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Itamar1

user receives a summary of his chosen preferences in all the aspects that were already marked, and a colored description of the influence of his choice on the number of occupations in his list (i.e., a graph describing the elimination process)

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Itamar1

if after marking all the important aspects the occupations list is still too long, then a second round of ranking begins, repeting the same stages: first, marking a list of important aspects from those left in the initial list, then rank ordering them, and then marking the prefered levels for each occupation at a time.

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Promising alternatives are located by the Sequential-Elimination search model (Gati, 1986).

But the user can also use a compensatory-model-based search.

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Compensatory-model-based search

Goal – locating the most compatible occupations

Rationale - advantages of occupations may compensate for their disadvantages

Steps of the compensatory search

Locate gaps between preferences and the characteristics of the occupation for each factor

Sum the gaps, weighted by importance of factors

Locate occupations with minimal sum of gaps

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The Conjunction of the Two Lists

Users are advised to focus on the occupations that were included in the recommended list of both search models in the in-depth exploration

Sequential elimination-based list

Compensation-based list

Conjunctionlist

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Options to check the quality of the list of “promising occupations”, including:

“Almost compatible occupations” (i.e., sensitivity analysis)

“Why not” “What if” “Similar occupations” “Compare Occupations”

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MBCD’s Features (cont.)

Initial in-depth explorations is offered by detailed occupational descriptions

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The Outcomes of the Dialogue

The user receives three lists of recommended occupations:Sequential-elimination-based listCompensation-based listA list based on both models (conjunction)

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MBCD’s Features (cont.)

At the end of the dialogue the user receives a printed summary to

take along for further processing of the information. The printout also provides information for the counselor.

The user’s preferences are saved under a personalized code for future interactions.

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Computer-Assisted Career Counseling: Problems and Solutions in MBCD

Desirable FeaturesPossible Solutions

Considering abilities and skills – when and how?

Begin with “What am I looking for?” and continue with “Can I actualize it?”

Find out which abilities the individual prefers to use

Providing guidance concerning the process

Focus on factors instead of alternatives, recommend factors to be considered, dealing with compromises and uncertainty

Eliciting aspirations and preferences while encouraging compromise

Begin by eliciting an optimal level and then ask the user for additional acceptable levels s/he is willing to compromise on

Itamar GAti

another look at the challenges

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Providing relevant and accurate information about:

potential alternatives, their characteristics, training

The apparently accurate image of the data versus its unique “soft” character

Use qualitative labels (which imply subjectivity) rather than numerical or quantitative ones (which imply accuracy)

Dealing with within-occupational variance

Use a range of levels to describe each occupation instead of only one characteristic level


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Monitoring the dialogue

Overload of information

Assess quality of inputsAppraise the process Evaluate the outcomeUse graphics that highlight the relevant information

Providing truly personal feedback

Monitor the dialogue and evaluate the quality of the user’s input as well as its outcomes. Provide real-time feedback


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(e.g., “This choice eliminated 85% of the occupations previously on your list. Make sure you feel strongly about this decision before proceeding”.)

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Guiding the user towardadditional sources of information

on the Internet andelsewhere

Directing the userto face-to-face counseling when needed

informative summary of the dialogue


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The Roles of Counselors

Providing help before, during and after surfing career-related Internet sites:Evaluating the client's readiness to use the

systemPreparing the client for itAccompanying the client while using the

systemAnalyzing the dialogue to increase clients’ self

understanding

msgati1

[empirical evidence indicates that CACGS are most effective when used with the guidance of a counselor rather than as self-help tools [[(Harris-Bowlsbey, Riley-Dikel & Sampson, 2002; Harris-Bowlsbey & Sampson, 2001)].

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The Roles of Counselors

Being familiar with sites, evaluating their quality, and incorporating relevant sites into the repertoire of tools used

Devoting more time to their unique roles (e.g., emotional aspects of career decisions, resolving conflicts between incompatible preferences)

msgati1

[empirical evidence indicates that CACGS are most effective when used with the guidance of a counselor rather than as self-help tools [[(Harris-Bowlsbey, Riley-Dikel & Sampson, 2002; Harris-Bowlsbey & Sampson, 2001)].

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To sum up, we discussed:

A general framework for career decision making – the PIC model

MBCD – a unique combination of career information system, expert system, and a decision-support system

Dilemmas of computer-assisted career counseling, and the ways they are dealt with by the MBCD

The incorporation of the MBCD in the counseling process

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The next session will address the million dollar question:

Does it really work?

Documents

Part 3 The PIC Model: Ways of Implementation. 2 This Presentation Will Demonstrate MBCD - an Internet-based interactive career-planning system based on