Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Parliament of Victoria Road Safety Committee
Inquiry into Serious Injury
The Alfred’s submission to the Road Safety Committee’s
Inquiry into the nature and extent of serious injury in motor vehicle accidents in Victoria
22 April 2013 Correspondence to: Professor Russell Gruen Director, National Trauma Research Institute t +613 9076 2561 e [email protected]
The Alfred Hospital’s submission to the Road Safety Committee’s Inquiry into the nature and extent of serious injury in motor vehicle accidents in Victoria
Page 2 of 5
Road Safety and reduction of serious injury is the main goal of the UN Decade of Action on Road Safety, an international effort to reduce death and disability from road trauma. (see Attachment 1). The Decade was approved UN General Assembly in 2010. The Decade of Action addresses 5 pillars of response, all of which are essential to achieve and maintain low road toll: 1. Road Safety Management 2. Safer Roads & Mobility 3. Safer Vehicles 4. Safer Road Users 5. Post Crash Response
Alfred Health staff and its broader community have been particularly active over many decades in advocating for improvements in all aspects of road safety. The major role of The Alfred as a designated Major Trauma Service within the Victorian State Trauma System, however, is in the fifth pillar, Post Crash Response, which is the provision of care for the injured. Victoria has reduced the road toll through injury prevention policies, campaigns, better vehicle designs, and safer roads, since 1970 (see Attachment 2). Since 2001, with the inception of the Victorian State Trauma System, the likelihood of death due to injury, once it has occurred, has been reduced by almost 60%. The combination of successful injury prevention initiatives and a high-performance population-wide integrated trauma system has made Victoria peerless in its success at reducing the road toll. The development of the VSTS was a success of professional organisations, academic institutions and government working together, with bipartisan political support, to develop a world-class system that best meets the needs of the severely injured Victorians. Key elements of the system are: 1. Designation of 2 adult and 1 paediatric major trauma services, where case volume
and investment in facilities and expertise would be concentrated. 2. Triage and transport protocols that ensure every injured patient is taken to the
right hospital in the right time according to their injuries and need for timely care 3. Investment in road and helicopter pre-hospital services that deliver patients
promptly to the needed level of care 4. A system of monitoring and oversight, with dedicated and funded data collection
of pre-hospital & hospital care of severely injured people, and monitoring of outcomes including long-term outcomes.
5. A governance structure that ensures system oversight by experts in the field, using data about performance of the system, and with an established deliberative forum (the State Trauma Committee) that reports to and advises the Minister of system changes needed.
This integrated trauma system is one of the most advanced and high-performing in the world, and is widely regarded as a benchmark for advanced trauma system design. For
The Alfred Hospital’s submission to the Road Safety Committee’s Inquiry into the nature and extent of serious injury in motor vehicle accidents in Victoria
Page 3 of 5
example, the NHS Clinical Advisor for Trauma Care recently used the VSTS on which to model the trauma system for all of England. Alfred Health’s National Trauma Research Institute is currently documenting the history of the Victorian State Trauma System in a book entitled “From Roadside to Recovery: the first ten years of the successful Victorian State Trauma System.” The Alfred & Monash University, through the Monash Partners Academic Health Science Centre, is now one of the world’s leading centres for clinical care, research and education about the treatment and prevention of severe injury. Key concerns: 1. The Victorian State Trauma Committee is coordinated by the Department of
Health. For over 12 months in 2011-2012 it did not meet due to inactivity. Membership should include clinical and managerial representation of key stakeholders in the trauma system. This could undermine its ability to provide the oversight that a high-performing system needs.
2. Proper investment in training and quality control/improvement is required
within the system, through the VSTC. There has been an education subcommittee without any resources to undertake its work.
3. As the NDIS and NIIS come into existence, the VSTS has enormous potential
to contribute to the understanding of how injury and its treatment leads to disability burden for individuals, families and society, through its long-term data collection about functional status, return to work, mental health status, etc. The gap at present is good data about what happens to patients after leaving acute hospital.
4. The Alfred is seen as a jewel in the crown of the VSTS, and one of the world’s
best trauma centres, profiled on the UK Documentary “Extreme ER” in 2012. However some of its core facilities, especially operating theatres, are in need of upgrading to modern best practice facilities that are being incorporated into other trauma centres in Australia and overseas. (eg the hybrid operating theatre that incorporates surgery, angiography, CT and resuscitation in one room). If Victoria is to continue to lead the world in minimising the effect of serious injuries from motor vehicle accidents, the government must maintain the facilities to enable that work to continue.
Contributors Mr Andrew Way Chief Executive Officer, Alfred Health Professor Russell Gruen Director, National Trauma Research Institute Professor of Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Monash University General and Trauma Surgeon, The Alfred
The Alfred Hospital’s submission to the Road Safety Committee’s Inquiry into the nature and extent of serious injury in motor vehicle accidents in Victoria
Page 4 of 5
Attachment 1 UN Decade of Action for Road Safety
1
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
2
Co
nte
nts
Co
nte
nts
Tog
eth
er
we c
an
save
5
millio
n liv
es
Ach
ievin
g t
he G
oal o
f th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
Lau
nch
of
the
D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty,
May 1
1, 2
011
Glo
bal P
lan
fo
r th
e
De
cad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d
Invest
ing
in
th
e
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
2511
0501
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
01
02
Tog
eth
er
we
can
save
5
millio
n liv
es
Every
six
seco
nd
s so
meo
ne is
kill
ed
o
r m
aim
ed
on
th
e
wo
rld
’s r
oad
s.
An
est
imate
d 1
.3 m
illio
n p
eo
ple
lo
se t
heir
liv
es
an
d
mill
ion
s m
ore
are
dis
ab
led
in
oft
en
pre
ven
tab
le r
oad
cra
shes
every
year, p
red
om
inan
tly i
n l
ow
-in
co
me a
nd
m
idd
le-i
nco
me c
ou
ntr
ies.
Th
is is
th
e le
ad
ing
wo
rld
wid
e
cau
se o
f d
eath
fo
r ch
ildre
n,
ad
ole
scen
ts,
an
d y
ou
ng
ad
ult
s ag
ed
10
-24
. N
earl
y h
alf
of
tho
se d
yin
g o
n t
he
wo
rld
’s r
oad
s are
“vu
lnera
ble
ro
ad
use
rs”:
ped
est
rian
s,
cyclis
ts a
nd
mo
torc
yclis
ts.
Faced
w
ith
tr
aff
ic
levels
th
at
are
g
row
ing
at
an
u
np
reced
en
ted
ra
te,
man
y
go
vern
men
ts
lack
the
tech
nic
al
cap
acit
y to
en
sure
eff
ecti
ve en
forc
em
en
t;
safe
ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re,
safe
veh
icle
st
an
dard
s an
d
inte
rven
tio
ns
to
ad
dre
ss
road
u
ser
beh
avio
ur
– all
measu
res
that
tog
eth
er
are
p
roven
to
re
du
ce ro
ad
tr
aff
ic c
asu
alt
ies.
Fo
r exam
ple
, o
nly
15
% o
f co
un
trie
s h
ave co
mp
reh
en
sive la
ws
rela
tin
g to
fi
ve key ri
sks:
sp
eed
ing
, d
rin
kin
g an
d d
rivin
g,
an
d th
e n
on
-use
o
f h
elm
ets
, se
at-
belt
s an
d c
hild
rest
rain
ts.
Sin
ce
20
01
a
glo
bal
road
sa
fety
m
ovem
en
t h
as
mo
bili
sed
to
ra
ise
aw
are
ness
an
d
secu
re
acti
on
. R
an
ked
as
on
e o
f th
e l
ast
decad
e’s
“te
n g
reat
pu
blic
h
ealt
h
ach
ievem
en
ts
wo
rld
wid
e”*
, alo
ng
sid
e
such
ad
van
ces
as
red
ucti
on
s in
ch
ild m
ort
alit
y;
pre
ven
tio
n
an
d c
on
tro
l o
f M
ala
ria a
nd
HIV
/AID
S;
an
d i
mp
rovin
g
access
to
safe
wate
r; t
he c
am
paig
nin
g e
ffo
rts
of
this
in
tern
ati
on
al
road
safe
ty c
oalit
ion
cu
lmin
ate
d i
n t
he
hig
hly
su
ccess
ful F
irst
Glo
bal M
inis
teri
al C
on
fere
nce o
n
Ro
ad
Safe
ty, h
ost
ed
by t
he G
overn
men
t o
f th
e R
uss
ian
F
ed
era
tio
n i
n N
ovem
ber
20
09
, an
d t
he s
ub
seq
uen
t p
rocla
mati
on
of
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
20
11–2
020
by t
he U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s G
en
era
l A
ssem
bly
.
Th
e G
oal
of
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
, m
an
date
d b
y t
he
UN
Gen
era
l A
ssem
bly
an
d e
nd
ors
ed
by m
ore
th
an
a
hu
nd
red
go
vern
men
ts,
is t
o ‘
stab
ilise
an
d r
ed
uce’
the
fore
cast
level o
f g
lob
al r
oad
fata
litie
s b
y 2
020
. Meeti
ng
th
is g
oal c
ou
ld s
ave u
p t
o f
ive m
illio
n li
ves,
an
d p
reven
t u
p t
o 5
0 m
illio
n s
eri
ou
s in
juri
es.
To s
up
po
rt th
e a
ch
ievem
en
t o
f th
is a
mb
itio
us
ob
jecti
ve,
the
Un
ited
N
ati
on
s R
oad
S
afe
ty
Co
llab
ora
tio
n
has
develo
ped
a G
lob
al
Pla
n f
or
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
, in
co
nsu
ltati
on
wit
h s
takeh
old
ers
aro
un
d th
e w
orl
d, w
hic
h
iden
tifi
es
key c
ap
acit
y b
uild
ing
an
d i
nju
ry p
reven
tio
n
measu
res
in e
ach
of
five c
ate
go
ries
or
‘pill
ars
’: T
he
Glo
bal P
lan
is
deta
iled
in
fu
ll fr
om
pag
e 1
3.
Ro
ad
S
afe
ty
Man
ag
em
en
t:
stre
ng
then
ing
in
stit
uti
on
al
an
d o
pera
tio
nal
cap
acit
y t
o a
ch
ieve
nati
on
al
road
sa
fety
o
bje
cti
ves;
su
pp
ort
ing
st
ron
ger
go
vern
an
ce a
nd
po
licin
g;
Safe
r R
oad
s an
d M
ob
ility
: im
pro
vin
g t
he p
lan
nin
g,
desi
gn
, co
nst
ructi
on
an
d
op
era
tio
n
of
road
n
etw
ork
s to
en
sure
safe
ty fo
r all
use
rs; e
nco
ura
gin
g
invest
men
t in
su
stain
ab
le m
od
es
of
tran
spo
rt;
Tog
eth
er
we
can
save
5 m
illio
n liv
es
Safe
r V
eh
icle
s:
pro
mo
tin
g
cra
shw
ort
hin
ess
an
d
em
po
weri
ng
co
nsu
mers
wit
h s
afe
ty i
nfo
rmati
on
; accele
rati
ng
intr
od
ucti
on
an
d u
se o
f p
roven
safe
ty
tech
no
log
ies;
Safe
Ro
ad
Use
rs: p
utt
ing
vu
lnera
ble
ro
ad
use
rs, l
ike
ped
est
rian
s an
d c
yclis
ts, fi
rst
in p
olic
y; p
rom
oti
ng
u
se o
f se
at
belt
s an
d c
rash
helm
ets
; ta
cklin
g d
rin
k
dri
vin
g;
sett
ing
an
d
en
forc
ing
eff
ecti
ve
speed
lim
its;
im
pro
vin
g d
river
train
ing
;
Po
st-C
rash
R
esp
on
se:
imp
rovin
g
em
erg
en
cy
resp
on
se
an
d
trau
ma
care
; su
pp
ort
ing
re
hab
ilita
tio
n
an
d
care
o
f ro
ad
in
jury
vic
tim
s,
pro
vid
ing
ad
vic
e,
sup
po
rt an
d le
gal
red
ress
fo
r vic
tim
s an
d t
heir
fam
ilies;
en
co
ura
gin
g t
hir
d p
art
y
insu
ran
ce s
ch
em
es
to f
inan
ce r
eh
ab
ilita
tio
n.
* US
Cen
ters
fo
r D
isease
Co
ntr
ol
an
d P
reven
tio
n,
‘10
Gre
at
Pu
blic
Healt
h A
ch
ievem
en
ts W
orl
dw
ide 2
00
1-20
10’,
Rep
ort
,
Ju
ne 2
011
.
“Ro
ad
cra
shes
are
th
e n
um
ber
on
e k
iller
of
yo
un
g p
eo
ple
wo
rld
wid
e. O
ver
a m
illio
n p
eo
-p
le d
ie e
very
year
on
th
e w
orl
d’s
ro
ad
s, a
nd
fi
fty m
illio
n m
ore
are
inju
red
. Th
e h
um
an
co
st
is
pro
fou
nd
–
un
imag
inab
le
suff
eri
ng
an
d
gri
ef. T
he e
co
no
mic
co
st is
a s
tag
geri
ng
$10
0
bill
ion
a y
ear
in d
evelo
pin
g c
ou
ntr
ies
alo
ne.
Th
ese
are
gri
m s
tati
stic
s. B
ut
the m
ost
imp
or-
tan
t fa
ct
off
ers
ho
pe:
we k
no
w h
ow
to
pre
-ven
t su
ch
death
s an
d in
juri
es.
We h
ave t
oo
ls,
like h
elm
ets
an
d s
eatb
elt
s. W
e h
ave p
olic
ies,
lik
e a
cti
on
ag
ain
st s
peed
ing
an
d d
run
k d
riv-
ing
. W
e h
ave t
he k
no
wle
dg
e it
takes
to b
uild
sa
fer
road
s an
d v
eh
icle
s.
Th
e U
N D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty is
ou
r ch
an
ce t
o s
ave l
ives.
Th
is R
oad
Safe
ty
Tag
will
sen
d a
n i
mp
ort
an
t m
ess
ag
e t
o t
he
wo
rld
: each
of
us
has
a r
ole
to
pla
y i
n p
re-
ven
tin
g d
eath
s an
d in
juri
es
on
th
e r
oad
.
Let
us
all
wo
rk t
og
eth
er
to m
ake s
ure
th
e
wo
rld
’s r
oad
s are
safe
. If
we l
ead
by e
xam
-p
le w
e c
an
save m
illio
ns
an
d m
illio
ns
of
lives.
T
his
is
wh
at
the U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s is
wo
rkin
g
very
hard
fo
r –
a s
afe
r w
orl
d f
or
all”
.
Ban
Ki-
mo
on
, U
N S
ecre
tary
Ge
ne
ral
1 2
3 4 5
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
03
04
Th
e G
lob
al
Ro
ad
In
jury
Ep
ide
mic
“In
th
e e
arl
y h
ou
rs o
f Ju
ne 1
1th
20
10, aft
er
att
en
din
g t
he 2
010
FIF
A W
orl
d C
up
Kic
k
Off
C
on
cert
in
S
ow
eto
, Z
en
an
i M
an
dela
Jn
r w
as
kill
ed
in
a t
rag
ic c
ar
accid
en
t.
Zen
an
i, m
y o
nly
dau
gh
ter, h
ad
ju
st t
urn
ed
th
irte
en
years
o
ld
on
9
th
Ju
ne
20
10.
Co
nse
qu
en
tly,
h
er
un
fort
un
ate
an
d u
nti
mely
pass
ing
was
a t
rag
ed
y
share
d b
y m
illio
ns
acro
ss t
he g
lob
e.
In t
his
very
m
om
en
t; t
he e
yes
of
the w
orl
d w
ou
ld t
urn
to
ro
ad
sa
fety
an
d a
s a r
esu
lt, w
ou
ld r
eco
gn
ize t
he h
orr
ific
to
ll a r
oad
cra
sh c
an
really
take.
On
th
e s
am
e d
ay o
f o
ur
deare
st Z
en
an
i’s p
ass
ing
, th
ree a
nd
a h
alf
th
ou
san
d o
ther
fam
ilies
als
o lo
st a
lo
ved
on
e i
n a
ro
ad
tra
ffic
cra
sh.
Th
e n
ext
day t
he
sam
e a
nd
th
e n
ext
day,
an
d t
he n
ext…
Th
is is
th
e r
e-
alit
y o
f th
e g
lob
al ro
ad
death
ep
idem
ic, a r
em
ors
e-
less
takin
g o
f lif
e d
ay a
fter
day,
25
,00
0 e
very
week,
100
,00
0 e
very
mo
nth
.
Su
dd
en
ly, c
ruelly
, in
an
inst
an
t, r
oad
cra
shes
can
ro
b
us
of
ou
r lo
ved
on
es,
ou
r fr
ien
ds
an
d c
olle
ag
ues.
B
ut
we k
no
w t
hat
the r
isk i
s fa
r g
reate
r if
yo
u a
re
yo
un
g,
if y
ou
are
po
or, i
f yo
u a
re a
ped
est
rian
or
a
cyclis
t, i
f yo
u l
ive a
lon
gsi
de t
he h
igh
ways
that
oth
-ers
sp
eed
th
rou
gh
. I
was
sho
cked
to
fin
d o
ut
that
100
0 c
hild
ren
an
d t
een
ag
ers
are
kill
ed
on
th
e r
oad
s each
an
d e
very
day.
Ro
ad
cra
shes
are
alr
ead
y t
he
nu
mb
er
on
e k
iller
of
yo
un
g p
eo
ple
over
the a
ge o
f 10
aro
un
d t
he w
orl
d. A
nd
th
is c
risi
s is
gett
ing
wo
rse.
Th
e w
orl
d h
as
un
ited
an
d d
ecid
ed
th
at
en
ou
gh
is
en
ou
gh
. T
he in
tern
ati
on
al
co
mm
un
ity –
the o
ne
hu
nd
red
go
vern
men
ts w
hic
h c
o-s
po
nso
red
th
e U
N
reso
luti
on
fo
r th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
– h
as
mad
e
road
safe
ty a
new
pri
ori
ty.
Th
e U
N h
as
a c
on
cre
te
go
al:
to s
tab
ilise
an
d r
ed
uce g
lob
al ro
ad
death
s b
y
20
20
. B
ut
to a
ch
ieve t
his
go
al
will
need
bo
ld a
c-
tio
n a
nd
str
on
g l
ead
ers
hip
. A
ll o
f u
s w
ill n
eed
to
p
lay o
ur
part
, b
y b
eh
avin
g s
afe
ly o
n t
he r
oad
an
d
by d
em
an
din
g s
afe
ty f
rom
oth
ers
. A
nd
pro
tecti
ng
o
ur
ch
ildre
n w
hen
th
ey’r
e v
uln
era
ble
in
th
eir
sec-
on
d d
ecad
e o
f lif
e m
ust
be a
last
ing
leg
acy o
f th
is
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
.
Th
e c
han
ge m
ust
sta
rt w
ith
each
an
d e
very
on
e o
f u
s. W
e c
an
beg
in s
imp
ly b
y r
eco
gn
isin
g t
hat
road
d
eath
s are
pre
ven
tab
le. T
hey a
re a
co
nse
qu
en
ce o
f h
um
an
neg
lect
an
d c
an
be p
reven
ted
by h
um
an
ac-
tio
n.
Oth
er
pare
nts
mu
st n
ot
go
th
rou
gh
th
e p
ain
th
at
I am
su
fferi
ng
an
d w
ill c
on
tin
ue t
o s
uff
er. N
ow
is
th
e t
ime f
or
that
po
siti
ve a
cti
on
. E
very
lif
e w
e
save w
ill b
e a
pre
cio
us
vic
tory
”.
Zo
leka M
an
de
la
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
03
Ro
ad
tra
ffic
inju
rie
s:T
he
fo
rgo
tte
n k
ille
r
So
urc
e: W
HO
Glo
bal B
urd
en
o
f D
isease
fo
recast
(20
08
)
So
urc
e: W
HO
Glo
bal S
tatu
s R
ep
ort
on
Ro
ad
Safe
ty (
20
09
)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Deaths (millions)
2008
2015
2030
Mal
aria
Tube
rcul
osis
HIV
/AID
S
Roa
d Tr
affic
Inju
ries
Dis
ab
ilit
y -
A
dju
ste
d L
ife
Ye
ars
(D
ALY
S)
lost
in
D
eve
lop
ing
C
ou
ntr
ies
(Ch
ild
ren
Ag
e 5
-14
)
0
2,00
0,00
0
4,00
0,00
0
6,00
0,00
0
8,00
0,00
0
10,0
00,0
00
12,0
00,0
00M
alar
ia
Tube
rcul
osis
HIV
/AID
S
Roa
d Tr
affic
In
jurie
s
2005
2015
2030
2222
2723
2
1
20
4
1
16
4
2
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f g
lob
al
road
tra
ffic
d
eath
s b
y t
yp
e o
f ro
ad
use
r
Oth
er (6
%)
Ped
estri
ans,
cyc
lists
and
m
otor
ised
two-
whe
eler
rid
ers
and
pass
enge
rs
(46%
)
Car
occ
upan
ts(4
8%)
Ro
ad
tra
ffic
in
juri
es
are
beco
min
g o
ne o
f th
e w
orl
d’s
le
ad
ing
cau
ses
of
death
an
d d
isab
ility
, co
mp
ara
ble
to
m
ajo
r kill
ers
su
ch
as
HIV
/AID
S, M
ala
ria a
nd
Tu
berc
ulo
-si
s. T
he in
form
ati
on
on
th
is p
ag
e is
a s
nap
sho
t o
f w
hat
is a
t st
ake, o
f th
e s
cale
of
the e
pid
em
ic u
nle
ss w
e a
ct.
Bu
t every
sta
tist
ic is
als
o a
real p
ers
on
, so
meo
ne w
ho
se
life is
en
ded
or
shatt
ere
d in
an
in
stan
t. O
ne t
rag
ic s
tory
th
at
cau
gh
t th
e w
orl
d’s
att
en
tio
n w
as
the d
eath
o
f yo
un
g Z
en
an
i Man
dela
, wh
ich
led
to
th
e N
els
on
Man
dela
F
ou
nd
ati
on
acti
vely
su
pp
ort
ing
th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
.
Zen
an
i M
an
dela
wit
h h
er
gre
at-
gra
nd
fath
er
Nels
on
Man
dela
So
urc
e: W
HO
Glo
bal B
urd
en
o
f D
isease
fo
recast
(20
08
)
Zo
leka M
an
dela
Tog
eth
er
we
can
save
5 m
illio
n liv
es
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
05
06
Lau
nch
of
the
De
cad
e
of
Acti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty,
May 1
1, 2
011
“Th
e la
un
ch
to
day o
f th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
-ty
can
help
all
co
un
trie
s d
rive a
lon
g t
he p
ath
to
a m
ore
se
cu
re f
utu
re.
Tod
ay,
part
ners
aro
un
d t
he w
orl
d a
re r
e-
leasi
ng
nati
on
al
or
cit
yw
ide p
lan
s fo
r th
e D
ecad
e,
ho
st-
ing
po
licy d
iscu
ssio
ns
an
d e
nab
ling
peo
ple
aff
ecte
d b
y
road
cra
shes
to s
hare
th
eir
sto
ries
wid
ely
. N
ow
we n
eed
to
mo
ve t
his
cam
paig
n in
to h
igh
gear
an
d s
teer
ou
r w
orl
d
to s
afe
r ro
ad
s ah
ead
”.
Ban
Ki-
mo
on
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s S
ecre
tary
Ge
ne
ral
De
cad
e o
f A
cti
on
Lau
nch
Un
ited
Nati
on
s S
ecre
tary
Gen
era
l B
an
Ki-
mo
on
lau
nch
es
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty i
n N
ew
Yo
rk C
ity,
to
geth
er
wit
h t
he M
ayo
r o
f N
ew
Yo
rk C
ity,
an
d r
oad
safe
ty p
hila
nth
rop
ist,
Mic
hael B
loo
mb
erg
.
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
07
08
De
cad
e o
f A
cti
on
Lau
nch
Ach
im S
tein
er, E
xecu
tive D
irecto
r,
UN
Envir
on
men
t P
rog
ram
me:
“Th
e c
arn
ag
e o
n o
ur
road
s acro
ss
the w
orl
d o
f o
ver
1.3 m
illio
n v
icti
ms
a
year
is a
n in
dic
tmen
t o
f in
acti
on
. Th
e
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
pro
vid
es
a f
ocu
s fo
r d
ecis
ion
make
rs a
nd
als
o f
or
the
pri
vate
secto
r to
beco
me e
ng
ag
ed
in
imp
rovin
g r
oad
safe
ty”.
Pre
sid
en
t D
mit
ry M
ed
ve
dev o
f R
uss
ia: “T
he in
tern
ati
on
al co
m-
mu
nit
y h
as
a d
uty
to
develo
p a
co
mm
on
str
ate
gy a
nd
jo
int
acti
on
to
en
han
ce r
oad
safe
ty”.
Pre
sid
en
t F
eli
pe
Cald
eró
n o
f M
exic
o: “I
am
delig
hte
d t
hat
the
Un
ited
Nati
on
s h
as
pro
cla
imed
20
11-2
020
to
be a
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty. In
Mexic
o, w
e w
ill
stri
ve t
o r
each
th
e w
orl
d-w
ide t
ar-
get
of
red
ucin
g r
oad
death
s b
y 5
0%
in
th
e n
ext
10 y
ears
”.
Rt.
Ho
n. D
avid
Cam
ero
n M
PP
rim
e M
inis
ter
of
the
UK
“E
very
six
se
co
nd
s so
meo
ne i
s kill
ed
or
seri
-o
usl
y i
nju
red
on
th
e w
orl
d’s
ro
ad
s.
We si
mp
ly can
no
t g
o o
n lik
e th
is.
Th
e U
N D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
S
afe
ty i
s a v
ital
op
po
rtu
nit
y t
o i
m-
ple
men
t th
e p
olic
ies
that
can
make
road
tra
ffic
safe
r an
d m
ore
su
stain
a-
ble
, an
d p
rote
ct
futu
re g
en
era
tio
ns”
.
Pre
sid
en
t C
ald
eró
n o
f M
exic
o lau
nch
es
his
co
un
try’s
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
09
10
De
cad
e o
f A
cti
on
Lau
nch
Pro
f. J
eff
rey S
ach
s, U
N S
pe
cia
l A
d-
vis
or
on
th
e M
ille
nn
ium
Deve
lop
-m
en
t G
oals
: “T
here
is
trem
en
do
us
will
aro
un
d t
he w
orl
d t
o a
ch
ieve t
he
Mill
en
niu
m D
evelo
pm
en
t G
oals
an
d
we h
ave t
he p
ow
er
an
d t
ech
no
log
y
to d
o s
o. R
oad
safe
ty h
as
to b
e a
cru
cia
l p
art
of
this
overa
ll eff
ort
to
m
ake a
safe
, liv
ing
envir
on
men
t fo
r m
illio
ns
of
peo
ple
in
th
e d
evelo
pin
g
co
un
trie
s”.
Ro
be
rt Z
oe
llic
k, P
resi
de
nt
of
the
W
orl
d B
an
k: “U
nle
ss w
ell-
targ
ete
d
measu
res
are
taken
, th
ere
will
be a
n
esc
ala
tin
g d
eath
to
ll o
n t
he r
oad
s in
po
or
co
un
trie
s, w
hic
h w
ou
ld b
e
a t
err
ible
tra
ged
y. W
e m
ust
deliv
er
the n
eed
ed
reso
urc
es
to c
reate
tr
an
sfo
rmati
on
al ch
an
ge f
or
safe
ty”.
Arc
hb
ish
op
De
smo
nd
Tu
tu: “T
his
is
pre
do
min
ate
ly a
kill
er
of
the p
oo
r.
It is
the p
oo
rest
co
mm
un
itie
s w
hic
h
live a
lon
gsi
de t
he f
ast
est
ro
ad
s. It
is t
he p
oo
rest
ch
ildre
n w
ho
have
to n
eg
oti
ate
th
e m
ost
dan
gero
us
rou
tes
to s
ch
oo
l. N
ow
it
is t
ime f
or
tho
se w
ho
can
make a
real d
iffe
r-en
ce t
o s
tep
up
to
meet
this
ch
al-
len
ge a
nd
co
mm
it t
o t
he D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty”.
Ju
lia G
illa
rd, P
rim
e M
inis
ter
of
Au
stra
lia: “W
ith
co
ord
inate
d g
lob
al
acti
on
th
rou
gh
th
e U
N D
ecad
e
of
Acti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty, le
t u
s en
sure
th
at
the t
en
years
ah
ead
m
ark
a t
urn
ing
po
int
for
glo
bal ro
ad
sa
fety
, th
us
spari
ng
peo
ple
fro
m
avo
idab
le d
eath
s an
d in
juri
es
that
cau
se s
o m
uch
an
gu
ish
an
d c
ost
fo
r o
ur
co
mm
un
itie
s”.
May
or
Mic
hael B
loo
mb
erg
: “I
mp
rov-
ing
ro
ad
safe
ty is
an e
pic
challe
ng
e
– b
ut
one t
hat
I th
ink is
our
resp
on-
sib
ility
to
co
nfr
ont
head
on. W
ith
im
po
rtant
forc
es
coale
scin
g, w
ith t
he
mo
mentu
m r
eally
sta
rtin
g t
o b
uild
, th
is is
our
op
po
rtunit
y t
o s
ave
mil-
lion
s o
f liv
es.
We r
eally
can
make a
d
iffe
ren
ce. L
et’
s n
ot
wast
e it”
.
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1112
Glo
bal P
lan
fo
r th
e
De
cad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
“Ro
ad
tra
ffic
cra
shes
are
a p
ub
lic h
ealt
h a
nd
develo
pm
en
t cri
sis.
Th
is c
risi
s d
ese
rves
att
en
tio
n a
nd
dem
an
ds
co
llec-
tive a
cti
on
. T
he D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty c
re-
ate
s th
e p
olit
ical p
latf
orm
need
ed
to
scale
up
so
me w
ell-
defi
ned
measu
res.
Evid
en
ce t
ells
us
that
these
measu
res
wo
rk, an
d c
an
save m
illio
ns
of
lives”
.
Marg
are
t C
han
Dir
ecto
r G
en
era
l, W
orl
d H
ealt
h O
rgan
izati
on
Glo
bal P
lan
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1314
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1314
Glo
bal P
lan
Ad
here
to
an
d/o
r fu
lly
imp
lem
en
t U
N
leg
al
inst
ru-
men
ts a
nd
en
co
ura
ge t
he c
reati
on
of
reg
ion
al
road
sa
fety
in
stru
men
ts.
En
co
ura
ge t
he c
reati
on
of
mu
lti-
secto
ral
part
ners
hip
s an
d d
esi
gn
ati
on
of
lead
ag
en
-cie
s w
ith
th
e c
ap
acit
y t
o d
evelo
p a
nd
lead
th
e d
eliv
ery
o
f n
ati
on
al
road
safe
ty s
trate
gie
s, p
lan
s an
d t
arg
ets
, u
nd
erp
inn
ed
by t
he d
ata
co
llecti
on
an
d e
vid
en
tial
re-
searc
h t
o a
ssess
co
un
term
easu
re d
esi
gn
an
d m
on
ito
r im
ple
men
tati
on
an
d e
ffecti
ven
ess
.
Acti
vit
y 1
: A
dh
ere
to
an
d/o
r fu
lly i
mp
lem
en
t th
e m
a-
jor
Un
ited
Nati
on
s ro
ad
safe
ty r
ela
ted
ag
reem
en
ts a
nd
co
nven
tio
ns;
an
d e
nco
ura
ge t
he c
reati
on
of
new
re-
gio
nal in
stru
men
ts s
imila
r to
th
e E
uro
pean
Ag
reem
en
t co
ncern
ing
th
e W
ork
of
Cre
ws
of
Veh
icle
s en
gag
ed
in
In
tern
ati
on
al
Ro
ad
Tra
nsp
ort
(A
ET
R),
as
req
uir
ed
, in
-clu
din
g:
Co
nven
tio
n o
n R
oad
Tra
ffic
, o
f 8
No
vem
ber
196
8,
aim
ing
at
facili
tati
ng
in
tern
ati
on
al ro
ad
tra
ffic
an
d
at
incre
asi
ng
ro
ad
safe
ty t
hro
ug
h t
he a
do
pti
on
of
un
ifo
rm r
oad
tra
ffic
ru
les;
C
onven
tio
n o
n R
oad
Sig
ns
an
d S
ign
als
, o
f 8
No
-vem
ber
196
8, s
ett
ing
up
a s
et
of
co
mm
on
ly a
gre
ed
ro
ad
sig
ns
an
d s
ign
als
;
AE
TR
, of
1 Ju
ly 1
970
, to
be u
sed
as
a m
od
el fo
r th
e
cre
ati
on
of
reg
ion
al le
gal in
stru
men
ts.
Acti
vit
y 2
: Est
ab
lish
a le
ad
ag
en
cy (
an
d a
sso
cia
ted
co
-o
rdin
ati
on
mech
an
ism
s) o
n r
oad
safe
ty invo
lvin
g p
art
-n
ers
fro
m a
ran
ge o
f se
cto
rs t
hro
ug
h:
desi
gn
ati
ng
a le
ad
ag
en
cy a
nd
est
ab
lish
ing
rela
ted
se
cre
tari
at;
en
co
ura
gin
g
the
est
ab
lish
men
t o
f co
ord
inati
on
g
rou
ps;
an
dd
evelo
pin
g c
ore
wo
rk p
rog
ram
mes.
Acti
vit
y 3
: D
evelo
p a
nati
on
al
stra
teg
y (
at
a c
ab
inet
or
min
iste
rial
level)
co
ord
inate
d b
y t
he l
ead
ag
en
cy
thro
ug
h:
co
nfi
rmin
g lo
ng
-term
invest
men
t p
rio
riti
es;
specif
yin
g
ag
en
cy
resp
on
sib
iliti
es
an
d
acco
un
t-ab
iliti
es
for
develo
pm
en
t an
d i
mp
lem
en
tati
on
of
co
re w
ork
pro
gra
mm
es;
iden
tify
ing
im
ple
men
tati
on
p
roje
cts
; b
uild
ing
part
ners
hip
co
alit
ion
s;p
rom
oti
ng
ro
ad
sa
fety
m
an
ag
em
en
t in
itia
tives
such
as
the n
ew
IS
O t
raff
ic s
afe
ty m
an
ag
em
en
t st
an
dard
IS
O 3
90
01;
an
d
Pil
lar
1: R
oad
safe
ty m
an
ag
em
en
t
est
ab
lish
ing
an
d m
ain
tain
ing
th
e d
ata
co
llecti
on
sy
stem
s n
ecess
ary
to
pro
vid
e b
ase
line d
ata
an
d
mo
nit
or
pro
gre
ss i
n r
ed
ucin
g r
oad
tra
ffic
in
juri
es
an
d f
ata
litie
s an
d o
ther
imp
ort
an
t in
dic
ato
rs s
uch
as
co
st, etc
.
Acti
vit
y 4
: S
et
realis
tic a
nd
lo
ng
-term
targ
ets
fo
r n
a-
tio
nal a
cti
vit
ies
base
d o
n t
he a
naly
sis
of
nati
on
al t
raff
ic
cra
sh d
ata
th
rou
gh
:
iden
tify
ing
are
as
for
perf
orm
an
ce i
mp
rovem
en
ts;
an
dest
imati
ng
po
ten
tial p
erf
orm
an
ce g
ain
s.
Acti
vit
y 5
: W
ork
to
en
sure
th
at
fun
din
g is
su
ffic
ien
t fo
r acti
vit
ies
to b
e im
ple
men
ted
th
rou
gh
:
bu
ildin
g
bu
sin
ess
case
s fo
r su
stain
ed
fu
nd
ing
b
ase
d o
n t
he c
ost
s an
d b
en
efi
ts o
f p
roven
invest
-m
en
t p
erf
orm
an
ce;
reco
mm
en
din
g
co
re
an
nu
al
an
d
med
ium
-term
b
ud
geta
ry t
arg
ets
;en
co
ura
gin
g t
he e
stab
lish
men
t o
f p
roced
ure
s fo
r th
e e
ffic
ien
t an
d e
ffecti
ve a
llocati
on
of
reso
urc
es
acro
ss s
afe
ty p
rog
ram
s;
uti
lizin
g 1
0%
of
infr
ast
ructu
re in
vest
men
ts f
or
road
sa
fety
; an
did
en
tify
ing
an
d i
mp
lem
en
tin
g i
nn
ovati
ve f
un
din
g
mech
an
ism
s.
Acti
vit
y 6
: E
stab
lish
an
d s
up
po
rt d
ata
syst
em
s fo
r o
n-
go
ing
mo
nit
ori
ng
an
d e
valu
ati
on
to
in
clu
de a
nu
mb
er
of
pro
cess
an
d o
utc
om
e m
easu
res,
in
clu
din
g:
est
ab
lish
ing
an
d s
up
po
rtin
g n
ati
on
al a
nd
local s
ys-
tem
s to
measu
re a
nd
mo
nit
or
road
tra
ffic
death
s,
inju
ries
an
d c
rash
es;
est
ab
lish
ing
an
d
sup
po
rtin
g
nati
on
al
an
d
local
syst
em
s to
m
easu
re
an
d
mo
nit
or
inte
rmed
iate
o
utc
om
es,
su
ch
as
avera
ge s
peed
, helm
et-
weari
ng
ra
tes,
seat-
belt
weari
ng
rate
s, e
tc.;
est
ab
lish
ing
an
d
sup
po
rtin
g
nati
on
al
an
d
local
syst
em
s to
measu
re a
nd
mo
nit
or
ou
tpu
ts o
f ro
ad
sa
fety
in
terv
en
tio
ns;
est
ab
lish
ing
an
d s
up
po
rtin
g n
ati
on
al a
nd
local s
ys-
tem
s to
measu
re a
nd
mo
nit
or
the e
co
no
mic
im
-p
act
of
road
tra
ffic
in
juri
es;
an
dest
ab
lish
ing
an
d
sup
po
rtin
g
nati
on
al
an
d
local
syst
em
s to
measu
re a
nd
mo
nit
or
exp
osu
re t
o r
oad
tr
aff
ic in
juri
es.
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1516
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1516
Pil
lar
2: S
afe
r ro
ad
s an
d m
ob
ilit
y
Glo
bal P
lan
Rais
e th
e in
here
nt
safe
ty an
d p
rote
cti
ve q
ualit
y o
f ro
ad
netw
ork
s fo
r th
e b
en
efi
t o
f all
road
use
rs,
esp
e-
cia
lly t
he m
ost
vu
lnera
ble
(e.g
. p
ed
est
rian
s, b
icyclis
ts
an
d m
oto
rcyclis
ts).
Th
is w
ill b
e a
ch
ieved
th
rou
gh
th
e
imp
lem
en
tati
on
of
vari
ou
s ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re a
gre
e-
men
ts u
nd
er
the U
N fr
am
ew
ork
, ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re
ass
ess
men
t an
d i
mp
roved
safe
ty-c
on
scio
us
pla
nn
ing
, d
esi
gn
, co
nst
ructi
on
an
d o
pera
tio
n o
f ro
ad
s.
Acti
vit
y 1:
P
rom
ote
ro
ad
sa
fety
o
wn
ers
hip
an
d ac-
co
un
tab
ility
am
on
g r
oad
au
tho
riti
es,
ro
ad
en
gin
eers
an
d u
rban
pla
nn
ers
by:
en
co
ura
gin
g g
overn
men
ts a
nd
ro
ad
au
tho
riti
es
to
set
a t
arg
et
to “
elim
inate
hig
h r
isk r
oad
s b
y 2
020
”;
en
co
ura
gin
g r
oad
au
tho
riti
es
to c
om
mit
a m
ini-
mu
m o
f 10
% o
f ro
ad
bu
dg
ets
to
ded
icate
d s
afe
r ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re p
rog
ram
mes;
m
akin
g
road
au
tho
riti
es
leg
ally
re
spo
nsi
ble
fo
r im
pro
vin
g r
oad
safe
ty o
n t
heir
netw
ork
s th
rou
gh
co
st-e
ffecti
ve m
easu
res
an
d f
or
rep
ort
ing
an
nu
ally
o
n t
he s
afe
ty s
itu
ati
on
, tr
en
ds
an
d r
em
ed
ial
wo
rk
un
dert
aken
;est
ab
lish
ing
a s
pecia
list
road
safe
ty o
r tr
aff
ic u
nit
to
mo
nit
or
an
d im
pro
ve t
he s
afe
ty o
f th
e r
oad
net-
wo
rk:
pro
mo
tin
g t
he s
afe
syst
em
ap
pro
ach
an
d t
he r
ole
o
f se
lf-e
xp
lain
ing
an
d fo
rgiv
ing
ro
ad
infr
ast
ructu
re;
Ad
here
to
and
/or
fully
im
ple
ment
the r
eg
ional ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re
Ag
reem
ents
d
eve
lop
ed
und
er
the
ausp
ices
of
the U
nit
ed
N
ati
ons
reg
ional
com
mis
-si
ons
and
enco
ura
ge t
he c
reati
on o
f si
mila
r re
gio
nal
inst
rum
ents
, as
req
uir
ed
; and
mo
nit
ori
ng
the s
afe
ty p
erf
orm
ance
of in
vest
ments
in
road
infr
ast
ructu
re b
y n
ati
onal ro
ad
auth
ori
ties,
de-
velo
pm
ent
banks
and
oth
er
ag
encie
s.
Act
ivit
y 2
: P
rom
oti
ng
the n
eed
s o
f all
road
use
rs a
s p
art
o
f su
stain
ab
le u
rban p
lannin
g,
transp
ort
dem
and
man-
ag
em
ent
and
land
-use
manag
em
ent
by:
pla
nnin
g l
and
use
to
resp
ond
to
the s
afe
mo
bili
ty
need
s o
f all,
inclu
din
g t
rave
l d
em
and
manag
em
ent,
acc
ess
need
s, m
ark
et
req
uir
em
ents
, geo
gra
phic
and
d
em
og
rap
hic
co
nd
itio
ns;
inclu
din
g s
afe
ty i
mp
act
ass
ess
ments
as
part
of
all
pla
nnin
g a
nd
deve
lop
ment
decis
ions;
and
putt
ing
eff
ecti
ve a
ccess
and
deve
lop
ment
contr
ol
pro
ced
ure
s in
pla
ce to
pre
vent unsa
fe d
eve
lop
ments
.
Act
ivit
y 3
: P
rom
ote
safe
op
era
tio
n,
main
tenance
and
im
pro
vem
ent
of
exis
ting
ro
ad
infr
ast
ructu
re b
y r
eq
uir
ing
ro
ad
auth
ori
ties
to:
identi
fy t
he n
um
ber
and
lo
cati
on o
f d
eath
s and
in-
juri
es
by r
oad
use
r ty
pe,
and
the k
ey i
nfr
ast
ructu
re
facto
rs t
hat
influence
ris
k f
or
each u
ser
gro
up
;
iden
tify
h
azard
ou
s ro
ad
lo
cati
on
s o
r se
cti
on
s w
here
excess
ive n
um
bers
or
severi
ty o
f cra
shes
occu
r an
d t
ake c
orr
ecti
ve m
easu
res
acco
rdin
gly
;co
nd
uct
safe
ty a
ssess
men
ts o
f exis
tin
g r
oad
in
-fr
ast
ructu
re
an
d
imp
lem
en
t p
roven
en
gin
eeri
ng
tr
eatm
en
ts t
o im
pro
ve s
afe
ty p
erf
orm
an
ce;
take a
lead
ers
hip
ro
le in
rela
tio
n t
o s
peed
man
ag
e-
men
t an
d s
peed
sen
siti
ve d
esi
gn
an
d o
pera
tio
n o
f th
e r
oad
netw
ork
; an
den
sure
wo
rk z
on
e s
afe
ty.
Acti
vit
y 4
: P
rom
ote
th
e d
evelo
pm
en
t o
f sa
fe n
ew
in
-fr
ast
ructu
re t
hat
meets
th
e m
ob
ility
an
d a
ccess
need
s o
f all
use
rs b
y e
nco
ura
gin
g r
ele
van
t au
tho
riti
es
to:
take
into
co
nsi
dera
tio
n
all
mo
des
of
tran
spo
rt
wh
en
bu
ildin
g n
ew
in
frast
ructu
re;
set
min
imu
m s
afe
ty r
ati
ng
s fo
r n
ew
desi
gn
s an
d
road
invest
men
ts t
hat
en
sure
th
e s
afe
ty n
eed
s o
f all
road
use
rs a
re i
nclu
ded
in
th
e s
pecif
icati
on
of
new
pro
jects
;u
se i
nd
ep
en
den
t ro
ad
safe
ty i
mp
act
ass
ess
men
t an
d s
afe
ty a
ud
it f
ind
ing
s in
th
e p
lan
nin
g,
desi
gn
, co
nst
ructi
on
, o
pera
tio
n a
nd
main
ten
an
ce o
f n
ew
ro
ad
pro
jects
, an
d e
nsu
re t
he a
ud
it r
eco
mm
en
da-
tio
ns
are
du
ly im
ple
men
ted
.
Acti
vit
y 5
: E
nco
ura
ge c
ap
acit
y b
uild
ing
an
d k
no
wl-
ed
ge t
ran
sfer
in s
afe
in
frast
ructu
re b
y:
cre
ati
ng
part
ners
hip
s w
ith
develo
pm
en
t b
an
ks,
na-
tio
nal a
uth
ori
ties,
civ
il so
cie
ty, e
du
cati
on
pro
vid
ers
an
d t
he p
rivate
secto
r to
en
sure
safe
infr
ast
ructu
re
desi
gn
pri
ncip
les
are
well
un
ders
too
d a
nd
ap
plie
d;
pro
mo
tin
g r
oad
safe
ty t
rain
ing
an
d e
du
cati
on
in
lo
w-c
ost
safe
ty e
ng
ineeri
ng
, sa
fety
au
dit
ing
an
d
road
ass
ess
men
t; a
nd
develo
pin
g a
nd
pro
mo
tin
g s
tan
dard
s fo
r sa
fe r
oad
d
esi
gn
an
d o
pera
tio
n t
hat
reco
gn
ize a
nd
in
teg
rate
w
ith
hu
man
facto
rs a
nd
veh
icle
desi
gn
.
Acti
vit
y 6
: E
nco
ura
ge r
ese
arc
h a
nd
develo
pm
en
t in
sa
fer
road
s an
d m
ob
ility
by:
co
mp
leti
ng
an
d s
hari
ng
rese
arc
h o
n t
he b
usi
ness
case
fo
r sa
fer
road
in
frast
ructu
re a
nd
th
e i
nvest
-m
en
t le
vels
need
ed
to
meet
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
ta
rgets
;p
rom
oti
ng
rese
arc
h a
nd
develo
pm
en
t in
to i
nfr
a-
stru
ctu
re s
afe
ty i
mp
rovem
en
ts f
or
road
netw
ork
s in
lo
w-i
nco
me a
nd
mid
dle
-in
co
me c
ou
ntr
ies;
an
dp
rom
oti
ng
d
em
on
stra
tio
n
pro
jects
to
evalu
ate
sa
fety
im
pro
vem
en
t in
no
vati
on
s,
esp
ecia
lly
for
vu
lnera
ble
ro
ad
use
rs.
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1718
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
18D
EC
AD
E O
F A
CT
ION
FO
R R
OAA
AD
SOO
AF
ET
Y 2
011
-20
20
17
Glo
bal P
lan
En
co
ura
ge u
niv
ers
al
dep
loym
en
t o
f im
pro
ved
veh
icle
sa
fety
tech
no
log
ies
for
bo
th p
ass
ive a
nd
acti
ve s
afe
ty
thro
ug
h a
co
mb
inati
on
of
harm
on
izati
on
of
rele
van
t g
lob
al
stan
dard
s, c
on
sum
er
info
rmati
on
sch
em
es
an
d
incen
tives
to a
ccele
rate
th
e u
pta
ke o
f n
ew
tech
no
lo-
gie
s.
Acti
vit
y 1:
E
nco
ura
ge M
em
ber
Sta
tes
to ap
ply
an
d
pro
mu
lgate
mo
tor
veh
icle
safe
ty r
eg
ula
tio
ns
as
devel-
op
ed
by t
he U
nit
ed
Nati
on
’s W
orl
d F
oru
m f
or
the H
ar-
mo
niz
ati
on
of
Veh
icle
Reg
ula
tio
ns
(WP
29
).
Acti
vit
y 2
: E
nco
ura
ge i
mp
lem
en
tati
on
of
new
car
as-
sess
men
t p
rog
ram
mes
in a
ll re
gio
ns
of
the w
orl
d i
n
ord
er
to in
cre
ase
th
e a
vaila
bili
ty o
f co
nsu
mer
info
rma-
tio
n a
bo
ut
the s
afe
ty p
erf
orm
an
ce o
f m
oto
r veh
icle
s.
Acti
vit
y 3
: E
nco
ura
ge a
gre
em
en
t to
en
sure
th
at
all
new
mo
tor
veh
icle
s are
eq
uip
ped
wit
h s
eat-
belt
s an
d
an
ch
ora
ges
that
meet
reg
ula
tory
re
qu
irem
en
ts an
d
pass
ap
plic
ab
le
cra
sh
test
st
an
dard
s (a
s m
inim
um
sa
fety
featu
res)
.
Acti
vit
y 4
: E
nco
ura
ge u
niv
ers
al
dep
loym
en
t o
f cra
sh
avo
idan
ce
tech
no
log
ies
wit
h
pro
ven
eff
ecti
ven
ess
su
ch
as
Ele
ctr
on
ic
Sta
bili
ty
Co
ntr
ol
an
d
An
ti-L
ock
Bra
kin
g S
yst
em
s in
mo
torc
ycle
s.
Acti
vit
y 5
: E
nco
ura
ge t
he u
se o
f fi
scal
an
d o
ther
in-
cen
tives
for
mo
tor
veh
icle
s th
at
pro
vid
e h
igh
levels
o
f ro
ad
use
r p
rote
cti
on
an
d d
isco
ura
ge i
mp
ort
an
d
exp
ort
of
new
or
use
d c
ars
th
at
have r
ed
uced
safe
ty
stan
dard
s.
Acti
vit
y 6
: E
nco
ura
ge a
pp
licati
on
of
ped
est
rian
pro
-te
cti
on
reg
ula
tio
ns
an
d in
cre
ase
d r
ese
arc
h in
to s
afe
ty
tech
no
log
ies
desi
gn
ed
to
red
uce r
isks
to v
uln
era
ble
ro
ad
use
rs.
Acti
vit
y 7
: E
nco
ura
ge m
an
ag
ers
of
go
vern
men
ts a
nd
p
rivate
secto
r fl
eets
to
pu
rch
ase
, op
era
te a
nd
main
tain
veh
icle
s th
at
off
er
ad
van
ced
safe
ty t
ech
no
log
ies
an
d
hig
h levels
of
occu
pan
t p
rote
cti
on
.
Develo
p c
om
pre
hen
sive p
rog
ram
mes
to im
pro
ve r
oad
u
ser
beh
avio
ur. S
ust
ain
ed
or
incre
ase
d e
nfo
rcem
en
t o
f la
ws
an
d s
tan
dard
s, c
om
bin
ed
wit
h p
ub
lic a
ware
-n
ess
/ed
ucati
on
to
incre
ase
seat-
belt
an
d h
elm
et
wear-
ing
rate
s, a
nd
to
red
uce d
rin
k-d
rivin
g, s
peed
an
d o
ther
risk
facto
rs.
Acti
vit
y
1:
Incre
ase
aw
are
ness
o
f ro
ad
sa
fety
ri
sk
facto
rs a
nd
pre
ven
tio
n m
easu
res
an
d i
mp
lem
en
t so
-cia
l m
ark
eti
ng
cam
paig
ns
to h
elp
in
flu
en
ce a
ttit
ud
es
an
d o
pin
ion
s o
n t
he n
eed
fo
r ro
ad
tra
ffic
safe
ty p
ro-
gra
mm
es.
Acti
vit
y 2
: S
et
an
d s
eek c
om
plia
nce w
ith
sp
eed
lim
-it
s an
d e
vid
en
ce-b
ase
d s
tan
dard
s an
d r
ule
s to
red
uce
speed
-rela
ted
cra
shes
an
d in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 3
: S
et
an
d s
eek c
om
plia
nce w
ith
dri
nk–d
riv-
ing
law
s an
d e
vid
en
ce-b
ase
d s
tan
dard
s an
d r
ule
s to
re
du
ce a
lco
ho
l-re
late
d c
rash
es
an
d in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 4
: S
et
an
d s
eek c
om
plia
nce w
ith
law
s an
d
evid
en
ce-b
ase
d st
an
dard
s an
d ru
les
for
mo
torc
ycle
h
elm
ets
to
red
uce h
ead
-in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 5
: S
et
an
d s
eek c
om
plia
nce w
ith
law
s an
d e
v-
iden
ce-b
ase
d s
tan
dard
s an
d r
ule
s fo
r se
at-
belt
s an
d
ch
ild r
est
rain
ts t
o r
ed
uce c
rash
in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 6
: S
et
an
d s
eek c
om
plia
nce w
ith
tra
nsp
ort
, o
ccu
pati
on
al
healt
h an
d sa
fety
la
ws,
st
an
dard
s an
d
rule
s fo
r sa
fe
op
era
tio
n
of
co
mm
erc
ial
freig
ht
an
d
tran
spo
rt v
eh
icle
s, p
ass
en
ger
road
tra
nsp
ort
serv
ices
an
d o
ther
pu
blic
an
d p
rivate
veh
icle
fle
ets
to
red
uce
cra
sh in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 7
: R
ese
arc
h,
develo
p a
nd
pro
mo
te c
om
pre
-h
en
sive p
olic
ies
an
d p
racti
ces
to r
ed
uce w
ork
-rela
ted
ro
ad
tra
ffic
in
juri
es
in t
he p
ub
lic,
pri
vate
an
d i
nfo
r-m
al
secto
rs,
in s
up
po
rt o
f in
tern
ati
on
ally
reco
gn
ized
st
an
dard
s fo
r ro
ad
safe
ty m
an
ag
em
en
t sy
stem
s an
d
occu
pati
on
al h
ealt
h a
nd
safe
ty.
Acti
vit
y 8
: P
rom
ote
est
ab
lish
men
t o
f G
rad
uate
d D
riv-
er
Lic
en
sin
g s
yst
em
s fo
r n
ovic
e d
rivers
.
Pil
lar
3: S
afe
r ve
hic
les
Pil
lar
4: S
afe
r ro
ad
use
rs
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
1920
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
19D
EC
AD
E O
F A
CT
ION
FO
R R
OAA
AD
SOO
AF
ET
Y 2
011
-20
20
20
Incre
ase
re
spo
nsi
ven
ess
to
p
ost
-cra
sh
em
erg
en
cie
s an
d im
pro
ve t
he a
bili
ty o
f h
ealt
h a
nd
oth
er
syst
em
s to
p
rovid
e a
pp
rop
riate
em
erg
en
cy t
reatm
en
t an
d lo
ng
er
term
reh
ab
ilita
tio
n f
or
cra
sh v
icti
ms.
Acti
vit
y 1
: D
evelo
p p
reh
osp
ital c
are
syst
em
s, in
clu
din
g
the e
xtr
acti
on
of
a v
icti
m f
rom
a v
eh
icle
aft
er
a c
rash
, an
d i
mp
lem
en
tati
on
of
a s
ing
le n
ati
on
wid
e t
ele
ph
on
e
nu
mb
er
for
em
erg
en
cie
s, t
hro
ug
h t
he im
ple
men
tati
on
o
f exis
tin
g g
oo
d p
racti
ces.
Acti
vit
y 2
: D
evelo
p h
osp
ital
trau
ma c
are
syst
em
s an
d
evalu
ate
th
e q
ualit
y o
f care
th
rou
gh
th
e i
mp
lem
en
ta-
tio
n o
f g
oo
d p
racti
ces
on
tra
um
a c
are
syst
em
s an
d
qu
alit
y a
ssu
ran
ce.
Acti
vit
y 3
: P
rovid
e earl
y re
hab
ilita
tio
n an
d su
pp
ort
to
in
jure
d p
ati
en
ts a
nd
th
ose
bere
aved
by r
oad
tra
ffic
cra
shes,
to
min
imiz
e b
oth
ph
ysi
cal
an
d p
sych
olo
gic
al
trau
ma.
Acti
vit
y 4
: E
nco
ura
ge t
he e
stab
lish
men
t o
f ap
pro
pri
-ate
ro
ad
use
r in
sura
nce s
ch
em
es
to f
inan
ce r
eh
ab
ilita
-ti
on
serv
ices
for
cra
sh v
icti
ms
thro
ug
h:
Intr
od
ucti
on
of
man
dato
ry t
hir
d-p
art
y li
ab
ility
; an
dIn
tern
ati
on
al
mu
tual
reco
gn
itio
n o
f in
sura
nce, e.g
. g
reen
card
syst
em
.
Acti
vit
y 5
: E
nco
ura
ge a
th
oro
ug
h i
nvest
igati
on
in
to
the c
rash
an
d t
he a
pp
licati
on
of
an
eff
ecti
ve l
eg
al
re-
spo
nse
to
ro
ad
death
s an
d i
nju
ries
an
d t
here
fore
en
-co
ura
ge f
air
sett
lem
en
ts a
nd
ju
stic
e f
or
the b
ere
aved
an
d in
juri
es.
Acti
vit
y 6
: P
rovid
e e
nco
ura
gem
en
t an
d i
ncen
tives
for
em
plo
yers
to
hir
e a
nd
reta
in p
eo
ple
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es.
Acti
vit
y 7
: E
nco
ura
ge r
ese
arc
h a
nd
develo
pm
en
t in
to
imp
rovin
g p
ost
cra
sh r
esp
on
se.
Th
e W
orl
d H
ealt
h O
rgan
izati
on
an
d t
he U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s re
gio
nal co
mm
issi
on
s w
ill c
oo
rdin
ate
reg
ula
r m
on
ito
r-in
g, w
ith
in t
he f
ram
ew
ork
of
the U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s R
oad
S
afe
ty C
olla
bo
rati
on
, of g
lob
al p
rog
ress
to
ward
s m
eet-
ing
th
e t
arg
ets
id
en
tifi
ed
in
th
e p
lan
of
acti
on
.
Acti
vit
y 1
: E
nco
ura
ge,
wh
ere
ap
pro
pri
ate
, an
in
cre
ase
in
fu
nd
ing
fo
r ro
ad
safe
ty t
hro
ug
h:
sup
po
rt f
or
reg
ion
al an
d g
lob
al ro
ad
safe
ty m
ech
-an
ism
s;n
ew
an
d in
no
vati
ve a
pp
roach
es
to f
un
din
g;
en
co
ura
gin
g c
ou
ntr
ies
to a
llocate
10
% o
f th
eir
ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re invest
men
ts f
or
road
safe
ty; an
do
utr
each
to
new
pu
blic
an
d p
rivate
secto
r d
on
ors
.
Acti
vit
y 2
: A
dvo
cate
fo
r ro
ad
safe
ty a
t th
e h
igh
est
lev-
els
an
d f
acili
tate
co
llab
ora
tio
n a
mo
ng
mu
ltip
le s
take-
ho
lders
(su
ch
as
no
ng
overn
men
tal
org
an
izati
on
s, i
n-
tern
ati
on
al fi
nan
cia
l in
stit
uti
on
s), in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h;
Un
ited
Nati
on
s an
d W
orl
d H
ealt
h A
ssem
bly
ro
ad
sa
fety
reso
luti
on
s, w
here
ap
pro
pri
ate
; co
un
trie
s acced
ing
to
an
d/o
r im
ple
men
tin
g r
oad
sa
fety
UN
leg
al in
stru
men
tsco
un
trie
s si
gn
ing
up
to
reg
ion
al
or
inte
rnati
on
al
road
safe
ty c
am
paig
ns;
re
gio
nal
an
d s
ub
-reg
ion
al
org
an
izati
on
s an
d i
nst
i-tu
tio
ns
takin
g s
tep
s to
ad
dre
ss r
oad
safe
ty;
sett
ing
reg
ion
al
or
sub
-reg
ion
al
targ
ets
to
recu
e
road
tra
ffic
fata
litie
s b
y 2
020
; an
din
clu
din
g r
oad
safe
ty i
n a
pp
rop
riate
hig
h-p
rofi
le
meeti
ng
s su
ch
as
G8
/20
, W
orl
d E
co
no
mic
Fo
rum
, C
linto
n G
lob
al In
itia
tive, etc
;
Acti
vit
y 3
: In
cre
ase
aw
are
ness
of
risk
facto
rs a
nd
th
e
need
fo
r en
han
ced
pre
ven
tio
n o
f ro
ad
tra
ffic
cra
shes
thro
ug
h:
the u
se o
f p
ub
lic a
ware
ness
cam
paig
ns
inclu
din
g
glo
bal
road
safe
ty w
eeks
as
well
as
reg
ion
al
an
d
sub
-reg
ion
al so
cia
l m
ark
eti
ng
in
itia
tives;
cele
bra
tin
g
the
an
nu
al
Wo
rld
D
ay
of
Rem
em
-b
ran
ce f
or
Ro
ad
Tra
ffic
Vic
tim
s;co
llab
ora
tio
n w
ith
ap
pro
pri
ate
no
ng
overn
men
tal
org
an
izati
on
s an
d
oth
er
civ
il so
cie
ty
init
iati
ves
alig
ned
wit
h t
he D
ecad
e’s
go
als
an
d o
bje
cti
ves;
an
dsu
pp
ort
fo
r p
rivate
secto
r in
itia
tives
alig
ned
wit
h
the D
ecad
e’s
go
als
an
d o
bje
cti
ves.
Acti
vit
y 4
: P
rovid
e g
uid
an
ce t
o c
ou
ntr
ies
on
str
en
gth
-en
ing
ro
ad
safe
ty m
an
ag
em
en
t sy
stem
s an
d i
mp
le-
men
tin
g r
oad
safe
ty g
oo
d p
racti
ces
an
d t
rau
ma c
are
th
rou
gh
:
co
un
trie
s im
ple
men
tin
g re
levan
t U
N re
solu
tio
ns
an
d in
stru
men
ts;
co
un
trie
s im
ple
men
tin
g U
N,
Un
ited
Nati
on
s R
oad
S
afe
ty C
olla
bo
rati
on
or
oth
er
inte
rnati
on
ally
rec-
og
niz
ed
go
od
pra
cti
ce g
uid
elin
es;
d
evelo
pm
en
t o
f ad
dit
ion
al “
go
od
pra
cti
ce”
gu
ides;
an
dp
rovid
ing
tech
nic
al s
up
po
rt t
o c
ou
ntr
ies
for
imp
le-
men
tati
on
of
go
od
pra
cti
ces.
Acti
vit
y 5
: Im
pro
ve t
he q
ualit
y o
f ro
ad
safe
ty d
ata
co
l-le
cte
d t
hro
ug
h:
imp
lem
en
tin
g g
oo
d p
racti
ce g
uid
elin
es
on
data
in-
form
ati
on
syst
em
s;
stan
dard
izati
on
of
defi
nit
ion
s an
d r
ep
ort
ing
pra
c-
tices
bu
ildin
g o
n e
xis
tin
g t
oo
ls;
pro
mo
tin
g i
nvest
men
t in
th
e d
evelo
pm
en
t o
f n
a-
tio
nal
cra
sh a
naly
sis
syst
em
s an
d r
ela
ted
su
rveil-
lan
ce s
yst
em
s m
ain
tain
ed
by h
ealt
h,
lab
ou
r an
d
wo
rker’
s co
mp
en
sati
on
ag
en
cie
s;in
vest
igati
on
of
cra
shes
to i
den
tify
th
eir
cau
ses,
cir
cu
mst
an
ces
an
d c
on
seq
uen
ces;
en
co
ura
gin
g t
he d
evelo
pm
en
t o
f ro
ad
safe
ty d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t sy
stem
s (e
.g.
by p
eer-
to-p
eer
sup
-p
ort
pro
mo
ted
by t
he I
nte
rnati
on
al
Ro
ad
Tra
ffic
A
ccid
en
t D
ata
base
Gro
up
[IR
TA
D]
mem
bers
); a
nd
co
mm
un
icati
ng
le
sso
ns
learn
ed
fr
om
b
oth
su
c-
cess
es
an
d f
ailu
res.
Pil
lar
5: P
ost
cra
sh r
esp
on
se
Glo
bal P
lan
Inte
rnati
on
al
road
safe
ty c
oo
rdin
ati
on
an
d a
cti
vit
ies
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
21
22
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
22
Fu
nd
ing
of
acti
vit
ies
Init
ial
est
imate
s su
gg
est
th
at
up
to
US
$ 5
00
bill
ion
each
year
is s
pen
t o
n r
oad
infr
ast
ructu
re b
y t
he w
orl
d’s
ro
ad
au
tho
riti
es.
Ded
icati
ng
even
a s
mall
pro
po
rtio
n
of
these
fu
nd
s to
ward
s m
eeti
ng
th
e o
bje
cti
ves
of
the
Decad
e s
ho
uld
be a
pri
ori
ty f
or
co
un
trie
s.
No
neth
ele
ss,
to
success
fully
im
ple
men
t th
e
acti
on
p
lan
, a s
ign
ific
an
t co
mm
itm
en
t in
ad
dit
ion
al re
sou
rces
may b
e r
eq
uir
ed
, p
art
icu
larl
y b
y c
ou
ntr
ies
them
selv
es
bu
t als
o f
rom
pu
blic
an
d p
rivate
secto
r st
akeh
old
ers
. In
its
20
06
Make R
oad
s S
afe
rep
ort
, th
e C
om
mis
sio
n
for
Glo
bal
Ro
ad
Safe
ty a
dvo
cate
d a
US
$ 3
00
mill
ion
te
n-y
ear
fun
d f
or
a g
lob
al
acti
on
pla
n t
o c
ata
lyse
a
stro
ng
er
focu
s o
n i
mp
rovin
g t
he s
afe
ty o
utc
om
es
of
pla
nn
ed
la
rge-s
cale
in
vest
men
ts
in
road
in
frast
ruc-
ture
over
the c
om
ing
Decad
e a
nd
beyo
nd
. A
lth
ou
gh
p
rese
ntl
y f
alli
ng
sh
ort
of
this
fig
ure
, fu
nd
s fo
r so
me
asp
ects
of
the p
lan
are
bein
g m
ad
e a
vaila
ble
by t
he
Glo
bal R
oad
Safe
ty F
acili
ty o
f th
e W
orl
d B
an
k, as
well
as
fro
m R
eg
ion
al D
evelo
pm
en
t B
an
ks,
an
d p
rivate
sec-
tor
do
no
rs.
Init
ial
est
imate
s se
t th
e r
eq
uir
ed
fu
nd
ing
fo
r n
ati
on
al
acti
vit
ies
to a
rou
nd
US
$ 2
00
mill
ion
per
year, a
mo
un
tin
g t
o U
S$
2 b
illio
n f
or
the w
ho
le D
ecad
e.
Th
e c
om
bin
ed
eff
ort
of
the i
nte
rnati
on
al
co
mm
un
ity
tow
ard
s fu
nd
ing
ro
ad
safe
ty i
s ro
ug
hly
est
imate
d t
o
be b
etw
een
US
$ 1
0–2
5 m
illio
n p
er
year. A
dd
itio
nal ef-
fort
s fr
om
th
e t
rad
itio
nal d
on
or
co
mm
un
ity a
re c
learl
y
no
t su
ffic
ien
t to
re
ach
th
e am
ou
nts
co
mm
en
sura
te
wit
h t
he s
co
pe o
f th
e p
rob
lem
. T
his
fu
nd
ing
gap
mu
st
be b
rid
ged
th
rou
gh
exp
an
ded
o
utr
each
to
a b
road
ra
ng
e o
f st
akeh
old
ers
. A
s an
exam
ple
, a R
oad
Safe
ty
Fu
nd
th
at
allo
ws
the p
rivate
secto
r th
e o
pp
ort
un
ity t
o
sup
po
rt t
he i
mp
lem
en
tati
on
of
this
Pla
n,
pri
mari
ly i
n
low
-in
co
me a
nd
mid
dle
-in
co
me c
ou
ntr
ies,
has
alr
ead
y
been
est
ab
lish
ed
.
En
suri
ng
fu
nd
ing
in
su
pp
ort
of
road
safe
ty a
cti
vit
ies,
in
itia
tives
an
d p
roje
cts
to
be i
mp
lem
en
ted
at
reg
ion
al
an
d/o
r su
b-r
eg
ion
al
levels
, is
ess
en
tial
for
the i
mp
le-
men
tati
on
of
this
Pla
n.
Glo
bal
Ro
ad
Safe
ty F
acili
ty o
f th
e W
orl
d B
an
k,
Reg
ion
al
Develo
pm
en
t B
an
ks,
go
v-
ern
men
ts a
nd
pri
vate
secto
r d
on
ors
sh
ou
ld e
nh
an
ce
eff
ort
s to
en
sure
th
at
this
need
is t
imely
an
d a
deq
uate
-ly
met.
Glo
bal P
lan
Mo
nit
ori
ng
an
d e
valu
ati
on
of
the
D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
Pro
gre
ss t
ow
ard
s ach
ievem
en
t o
f th
e D
ecad
e g
oal w
ill
be m
on
ito
red
th
rou
gh
:
mo
nit
ori
ng
of
ind
icato
rs;
trackin
g m
ilest
on
es
linked
to
th
e D
ecad
e; an
dm
id-t
erm
an
d e
nd
-term
evalu
ati
on
of
the D
ecad
e.
Ind
icato
rs
Th
e f
ollo
win
g a
re s
om
e p
ote
nti
al
ind
icato
rs t
hat
can
b
e m
easu
red
at
a g
lob
al
level
to m
on
ito
r p
rocess
an
d
ou
tco
me.
Co
re nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
hic
h h
ave a
dh
ere
d t
o t
he
Un
ited
Nati
on
s ro
ad
safe
ty r
ela
ted
ag
reem
en
ts a
nd
co
nven
tio
ns;
nu
mb
er
of
new
reg
ion
al
road
safe
ty l
eg
al
inst
ru-
men
ts d
evelo
ped
(an
d n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s p
ar-
ticip
ati
on
in
th
em
);n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
hic
h h
ave a
cle
arl
y e
mp
ow
-ere
d a
gen
cy lead
ing
ro
ad
safe
ty;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a n
ati
on
al st
rate
gy;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
tim
e-b
ase
d r
oad
safe
ty
targ
ets
;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
data
syst
em
s in
pla
ce t
o
mo
nit
or
pro
gre
ss in
ach
ievin
g r
oad
safe
ty t
arg
ets
;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
co
llect
an
nu
al r
oad
tra
ffic
cra
sh d
ata
co
nsi
sten
t w
ith
inte
rnati
on
ally
accep
ted
d
efi
nit
ion
s.
Op
tio
nal
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
have d
ed
icate
d f
un
ds
to i
m-
ple
men
t th
eir
ro
ad
safe
ty s
trate
gy;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
have m
ad
e p
rog
ress
to
ward
s ach
ievin
g t
heir
defi
ned
targ
ets
.
Co
re nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
here
ro
ad
au
tho
riti
es
have
statu
tory
resp
on
sib
ility
to
im
pro
ve r
oad
safe
ty o
n
their
netw
ork
s;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a d
efi
ned
allo
cati
on
of
exp
en
dit
ure
fo
r d
ed
icate
d r
oad
infr
ast
ructu
re s
afe
-ty
pro
gra
mm
es;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a
targ
et
to
elim
inate
h
igh
-ris
k r
oad
s b
y 2
020
;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
have a
do
pte
d s
ust
ain
ab
le
urb
an
mo
bili
ty p
olic
ies;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
sp
ecia
list
infr
ast
ructu
re
road
safe
ty u
nit
s m
on
ito
rin
g s
afe
ty a
spects
of
the
road
netw
ork
; n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
syst
em
ati
c s
afe
ty a
ud
it,
safe
ty im
pact
an
d/o
r ro
ad
ass
ess
men
t p
olic
ies
an
d
pra
cti
ces
in p
lace.
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
hic
h h
ave a
dh
ere
d a
nd
/or
fully
im
ple
men
t th
e
reg
ion
al
road
in
frast
ructu
re
ag
reem
en
ts d
evelo
ped
un
der
the a
usp
ices
of
the
Un
ited
Nati
on
s re
gio
nal co
mm
issi
on
s;
nu
mb
er
of
new
reg
ion
al ro
ad
in
frast
ructu
re in
stru
-m
en
ts d
evelo
ped
(an
d n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s p
ar-
ticip
ati
ng
to
th
em
);
Op
tio
nal
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
th
e in
teg
rati
on
of
safe
ty
need
s as
part
of
lan
d-u
se a
nd
tra
nsp
ort
pla
nn
ing
fu
ncti
on
s;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
eff
ecti
ve p
rop
ert
y a
ccess
co
ntr
ol an
d d
evelo
pm
en
t co
ntr
ol p
roced
ure
sn
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
reg
ula
r, o
ng
oin
g c
on
du
ct
of
netw
ork
safe
ty r
ati
ng
su
rveys;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
here
th
e s
afe
ty r
ati
ng
s fo
r th
e h
igh
est
vo
lum
e 1
0%
of
road
s is
ab
ove a
defi
ned
th
resh
old
(e.g
. cra
sh r
ate
s p
er
kilo
metr
e; m
inim
um
in
frast
ructu
re s
afe
ty r
ati
ng
s; p
erc
en
tag
e o
f h
igh
-sp
eed
ro
ad
s w
ith
safe
ro
ad
sid
es
an
d m
ed
ian
sep
a-
rati
on
; sa
fe p
ed
est
rian
pro
vis
ion
);n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
min
imu
m s
afe
ty r
ati
ng
st
an
dard
s fo
r n
ew
ro
ad
pro
jects
; n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s re
po
rtin
g v
eh
icle
mile
s tr
av-
elle
d.
Ind
icato
rs: P
illa
r 1
Ind
icato
rs: P
illa
r 2
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
23
24
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
23
Co
re
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ho
part
icip
ate
in
th
e U
nit
ed
N
ati
on
s W
orl
d F
oru
m f
or
Harm
on
izati
on
of
Veh
icle
R
eg
ula
tio
ns
an
d a
pp
ly r
ele
van
t st
an
dard
s;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
part
icip
ate
in
N
CA
P
(“N
ew
Car
Ass
ess
men
t”)
pro
gra
mm
es;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s en
acti
ng
law
s th
at
pro
hib
it
the u
se o
f veh
icle
s w
ith
ou
t se
at-
belt
s (f
ron
t an
d
rear)
.
Op
tio
nal
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s en
acti
ng
law
s to
pro
hib
it t
he
man
ufa
ctu
re o
f veh
icle
s w
ith
ou
t sp
ecif
ic veh
icle
sa
fety
featu
res,
su
ch
as
Ele
ctr
on
ic S
tab
ility
Co
ntr
ol
an
d A
nti
-Lo
ck B
rakin
g S
yst
em
s.
Co
re nu
mb
er
of
road
tra
ffic
death
s, a
s a c
ore
co
mp
osi
te
ind
icato
r fo
r all
acti
vit
ies;
am
ou
nt
of
fun
din
g t
hat
is d
ed
icate
d t
o r
oad
safe
ty
that
is p
rovid
ed
by t
he in
tern
ati
on
al d
on
or
co
mm
u-
nit
y (
inclu
din
g d
evelo
pm
en
t an
d d
on
or
ag
en
cie
s,
fou
nd
ati
on
s, t
he p
rivate
secto
r an
d o
ther
do
no
rs):
am
ou
nt
of
fun
din
g t
hat
has
been
mad
e a
vaila
ble
at
a r
eg
ion
al a
nd
su
b-r
eg
ion
al l
evel i
n s
up
po
rt o
f ro
ad
sa
fety
; an
dth
e n
um
ber
of
reg
ion
al
or
sub
-reg
ion
al
org
an
iza-
tio
ns
an
d in
stit
uti
on
s se
ttin
g r
oad
safe
ty t
arg
ets
to
re
du
ce r
oad
tra
ffic
fata
litie
s b
y 2
020
.
Co
re nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
req
uir
e t
hir
d-p
art
y in
sur-
an
ce s
ch
em
es
for
all
dri
vers
;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
on
e n
ati
on
al em
erg
en
cy
access
nu
mb
er;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
desi
gn
ate
d t
rau
ma c
are
cen
tres.
Op
tio
nal
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
here
sp
ecif
ic
trau
ma c
are
tr
ain
ing
is
req
uir
ed
fo
r em
erg
en
cy c
are
pers
on
nel.
Co
re nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
sp
eed
lim
its
ap
pro
pri
ate
to
th
e t
yp
e o
f ro
ad
(u
rban
, ru
ral,
hig
hw
ay);
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
blo
od
alc
oh
ol c
on
cen
tra-
tio
n lim
its
less
th
an
or
eq
ual to
0.0
5 g
/dl;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
blo
od
alc
oh
ol c
on
cen
tra-
tio
n l
imit
s lo
wer
than
0.0
5g
/dl
for
yo
un
g/n
ovic
e
an
d c
om
merc
ial d
rivers
;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
nati
on
al d
ata
on
th
e p
ro-
po
rtio
n o
f alc
oh
ol-
rela
ted
fata
l cra
shes;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a c
om
pre
hen
sive h
elm
et
use
law
(in
clu
din
g s
tan
dard
s);
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
nati
on
al d
ata
on
helm
et-
weari
ng
rate
s;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a c
om
pre
hen
sive s
eat-
belt
law
; n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
nati
on
al
data
on
seat-
belt
weari
ng
rate
s (f
ron
t, r
ear)
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a c
hild
rest
rain
t la
w;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
a f
orm
al
po
licy t
o r
eg
u-
late
fati
gu
e a
mo
ng
co
mm
erc
ial veh
icle
dri
vers
. O
pti
on
al
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
nati
on
al d
ata
on
netw
ork
sp
eed
s b
y r
oad
typ
e;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s w
ith
nati
on
al d
ata
on
ch
ild r
e-
stra
int
weari
ng
rate
s;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s w
hic
h h
ave a
do
pte
d t
he n
ew
IS
O 3
90
01
stan
dard
;n
um
ber
of
co
un
trie
s th
at
rep
ort
ro
ad
tra
ffic
cra
sh-
es
as
a c
ate
go
ry a
mo
ng
data
reco
rded
fo
r o
ccu
pa-
tio
nal in
juri
es;
nu
mb
er
of
co
un
trie
s h
ost
ing
reg
ula
r ro
ad
safe
ty
weeks.
Ind
icato
rs: P
illa
r 3
Ind
icato
rs: In
tern
ati
on
al
acti
vit
ies
Ind
icato
rs: P
illa
r 5
Ind
icato
rs: P
illa
r 4
Glo
bal P
lan
A
nu
mb
er
of
glo
bal
mile
sto
nes
will
m
ark
p
rog
ress
th
rou
gh
th
e D
ecad
e.
Th
e D
ecad
e -
an
d i
mp
lem
en
ta-
tio
n o
f th
is P
lan
- w
ill b
e e
valu
ate
d a
t re
gu
lar
inte
rvals
b
y t
he W
orl
d H
ealt
h O
rgan
izati
on
an
d t
he U
nit
ed
Na-
tio
ns
reg
ion
al
co
mm
issi
on
s, w
ith
in t
he f
ram
ew
ork
of
the U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s R
oad
Safe
ty C
olla
bo
rati
on
. B
ase
-lin
e d
ata
w
ill b
e o
bta
ined
th
rou
gh
co
un
try su
rveys
co
nd
ucte
d f
or
the 2
nd
Glo
bal
road
safe
ty s
tatu
s re
-p
ort
du
e f
or
pu
blic
ati
on
in 2
012
an
d o
ther
reg
ion
al a
nd
su
b-r
eg
ion
al s
tati
stic
s. A
th
ird
rep
ort
will
be p
ub
lish
ed
in
20
14 a
nd
- s
ho
uld
fu
nd
ing
be s
ecu
red
- a
dd
itio
nal
statu
s re
po
rts
will
be d
evelo
ped
.
Du
rin
g t
he e
valu
a-
tio
n p
rocess
, bo
th o
utc
om
e a
nd
pro
cess
ind
icato
rs w
ill
be a
ssess
ed
. T
he s
tatu
s re
po
rts
an
d o
ther
mo
nit
or-
ing
to
ols
im
ple
men
ted
at
nati
on
al,
reg
ion
al an
d g
lob
al
level
will
serv
e a
s a b
asi
s fo
r d
iscu
ssio
n i
n m
id-t
erm
an
d e
nd
-term
reg
ion
al
an
d g
lob
al
revie
w e
ven
ts.
At
the n
ati
on
al
level,
each
co
un
try w
ill s
et
its
ow
n m
on
i-to
rin
g s
yst
em
. It
is
ho
ped
th
at
co
un
trie
s w
ill d
evelo
p
an
d p
ub
lish
nati
on
al
rep
ort
s an
d o
rgan
ize e
ven
ts t
o
dis
cu
ss p
rog
ress
an
d a
dap
t p
lan
s.
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
25
26
Th
e R
oad
S
afe
ty F
un
d
Invest
ing
in
th
e D
ecad
e
of
Acti
on
“Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d is
wo
rkin
g w
ith
part
ners
in
devel-
op
ing
co
un
trie
s to
deliv
er
road
safe
ty s
olu
tio
ns,
like t
hese
m
oto
rcycle
helm
ets
fo
r ch
ildre
n i
n C
am
bo
dia
. W
ith
ad
-d
itio
nal re
sou
rces,
we c
an
save m
an
y liv
es”
.
Mic
he
lle
Ye
oh
Actr
ess
an
d G
lob
al
Ro
ad
Safe
ty a
mb
ass
ad
or
Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AD
SA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
27
28
DE
CA
DE
OF
AC
TIO
N F
OR
RO
AAA
D S
OOA
FE
TY
20
11-2
020
28
No
w t
hat
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty h
as
been
lau
nch
ed
an
d t
he G
lob
al
Pla
n h
as
est
ab
lish
ed
a
‘Safe
Syst
em
’ po
licy fra
mew
ork
, th
e u
rgen
t ch
alle
ng
e is
to
tra
nsl
ate
rh
eto
ric in
to r
esu
lts.
Reso
urc
es
are
need
ed
to
im
ple
men
t p
racti
cal cata
lyti
c p
rog
ram
s.
So
th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d h
as
been
est
ab
lish
ed
as
the
new
glo
bal
fun
d f
or
the D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
, w
ith
th
e
ob
jecti
ve o
f ra
isin
g c
orp
ora
te a
nd
ph
ilan
thro
pic
do
na-
tio
ns
to s
up
po
rt t
he im
ple
men
tati
on
of th
e G
lob
al P
lan
.
Wit
h a
fo
cu
s o
n m
idd
le a
nd
low
inco
me c
ou
ntr
ies
exp
e-
rien
cin
g h
igh
levels
of
road
casu
alt
ies,
th
e R
oad
Safe
ty
Fu
nd
dir
ects
reso
urc
es
fro
m d
on
ors
to
su
pp
ort
im
-p
lem
en
tati
on
pro
jects
an
d p
racti
cal
rese
arc
h.
We a
re
alr
ead
y i
nvest
ing
do
nati
on
s fr
om
ph
ilan
thro
pic
Fo
un
-d
ati
on
s an
d s
om
e o
f th
e w
orl
d’s
lead
ing
co
mp
an
ies,
su
pp
ort
ing
pro
jects
in
clu
din
g m
oto
rcycle
helm
et
init
i-ati
ves
in A
sia a
nd
Afr
ica, te
ch
nic
al sa
fety
ass
ess
men
ts
of
hig
hw
ays
on
fiv
e c
on
tin
en
ts, a
nd
ho
listi
c c
hild
safe
ty
pro
gra
ms
man
ag
ed
by l
ead
ing
ro
ad
safe
ty p
racti
tio
n-
ers
. Many m
ore
in
terv
en
tio
ns
are
pla
nn
ed
. Th
e e
mp
ha-
sis
is o
n s
up
po
rtin
g d
em
on
stra
tio
n p
rog
ram
s th
at,
if
bro
ug
ht
to s
cale
, can
make a
sig
nif
ican
t co
ntr
ibu
tio
n
to t
he g
oal o
f sa
vin
g f
ive m
illio
n liv
es
by 2
020
.
Co
mp
an
ies
that
make a
ph
ilan
thro
pic
invest
men
t in
th
e F
un
d b
eco
me o
ffic
ial
‘Su
pp
ort
ers
of
the D
ecad
e
of
Acti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty’,
wit
h t
he r
igh
t to
use
th
e
‘Tag
’ sy
mb
ol o
f th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
. T
he y
ello
w T
ag
, ad
op
ted
wo
rld
wid
e b
y t
he U
nit
ed
Nati
on
s R
oad
Safe
ty
Co
llab
ora
tio
n,
go
vern
men
ts a
nd
th
e r
oad
safe
ty n
on
-p
rofi
t se
cto
r fo
r th
e D
ecad
e’s
lau
nch
, is
no
w r
eco
g-
nis
ed
as
the p
ow
erf
ul
glo
bal
sym
bo
l o
f co
mm
itm
en
t to
ro
ad
in
jury
p
reven
tio
n.
Co
mp
an
ies
can
b
eco
me
‘Glo
bal
Su
pp
ort
ers
’ b
y d
on
ati
ng
at
least
$15
0,0
00
a
year, w
ith
rig
hts
to
in
tern
ati
on
al u
se o
f th
e s
ym
bo
l, o
r can
beco
me ‘N
ati
on
al S
up
po
rters
’ by d
on
ati
ng
at
least
$
15,0
00
a y
ear, w
ith
rig
hts
of
use
in
on
e c
ou
ntr
y o
nly
.
Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d i
s m
an
ag
ed
by t
he F
IA F
ou
n-
dati
on
(U
K r
eg
iste
red
ch
ari
ty N
o.
108
86
70
) an
d t
he
Wo
rld
Healt
h O
rgan
izati
on
. N
eit
her
the F
IA F
ou
nd
a-
tio
n n
or
Wo
rld
Healt
h O
rgan
izati
on
receiv
e a
ny f
inan
-cia
l b
en
efi
t fr
om
do
nati
on
s to
th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d.
If y
ou
r co
mp
an
y w
ou
ld l
ike t
o c
on
trib
ute
to
, an
d b
e
reco
gn
ised
fo
r,
inte
rnati
on
al
acti
on
to
re
du
ce
road
casu
alt
ies
ple
ase
co
nta
ct
us.
Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d
2500
000
2000
000
1500
000
1000
000
9000
00
1900
000
5000
00
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Global RTI Deaths
Mee
ting
the
UN
Goa
l
5 M
illio
n Fa
talit
ies
50 M
illio
n Se
rious
Inju
ries
Do
noth
ing
Dec
ade
of A
ctio
nTo
ge
the
r w
e c
an
sa
ve
mil
lio
ns
of
live
s:
Po
ten
tial o
f th
e
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty
So
urc
e: G
uri
a, J (
20
09
)
“Th
e R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d e
nab
les
the b
usi
ness
an
d p
hila
nth
rop
ic
co
mm
un
itie
s to
su
pp
ort
th
e
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
S
afe
ty 2
011
-20
20
an
d t
o d
eliv
er
road
safe
ty im
pro
vem
en
ts t
hat
will
save liv
es”
.
Rt.
Ho
n. L
ord
Ro
be
rtso
n o
f P
ort
E
lle
n, P
atr
on
, R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d
“En
orm
ou
s n
um
bers
of
ch
ildre
n
die
on
th
e r
oad
s an
d t
hat
is s
can
-d
alo
us
an
d a
n e
mb
arr
ass
men
t to
us
all.
So
I r
eally
welc
om
e t
he
UN
Decad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
S
afe
ty. T
he R
oad
Safe
ty F
un
d is
a
way o
f g
ett
ing
mo
ney b
eh
ind
it. I
th
ink t
hat’
s re
ally
imp
ort
an
t”.
Mic
hael P
alin
,
wri
ter
an
d b
road
cast
er
“I s
up
po
rt t
he U
N D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
fo
r R
oad
Safe
ty. T
his
is a
very
imp
ort
an
t in
itia
tive t
o s
ave
lives
an
d p
reven
t in
juri
es
aro
un
d
the w
orl
d”.
Asa
fa P
ow
ell,
Go
ld -
med
alist
Oly
mp
ic a
thle
te
Rep
rese
nta
tives
of
Alli
an
z, B
osc
h, M
ich
elin
an
d R
en
au
lt a
nn
ou
nce
their
su
pp
ort
fo
r th
e D
ecad
e o
f A
cti
on
at
Ch
alle
ng
e B
iben
du
m, B
erl
in.
DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY 2011-2020 29
Road Safety Fund60 Trafalgar SquareLondonWC2N 5DSUnited Kingdom+44 (0)207 930 3882 (t)+44 (0)207 930 3883 (f)
www.roadsafetyfund.org
For more information about supporting the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020, please contact:
The Alfred Hospital’s submission to the Road Safety Committee’s Inquiry into the nature and extent of serious injury in motor vehicle accidents in Victoria
Page 5 of 5
Attachment 2 Road trauma deaths in Victoria
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Road
Tra
uma
Dea
ths
in V
icto
ria,
Aus
tral
ia 1
952
-201
1&
ass
ocia
ted
legi
slat
ive
inte
rven
tion
sSo
urce
: T
rans
port
Acc
iden
t Com
mis
sion
1970
Com
puls
ory
seat
bel
t
1976
Rand
om b
reat
h te
stin
g in
trod
uced
1983
Red
light
ca
mer
as
intr
oduc
ed19
90Bo
oze
buse
s in
trod
uced
2000
Fixe
d sp
eed
cam
eras
in
trod
uced
2006
Rand
om d
rug
test
ing
&im
poun
ding
hoo
ns' c
ars
intr
oduc
ed
2001
Vic
tori
an S
tate
Tr
aum
a Sy
stem
im
plem
ente
d
1989
Mob
ile s
peed
cam
eras
in
trod
uced
Odd
s of
in-h
ospi
tal d
eath
of m
ajor
tra
uma
pati
ents
si
nce
intr
oduc
tion
of t
he V
icto
rian
Sta
te T
raum
a Sy
stem
Adj
uste
d fo
r inj
ury
seve
rity
, age
and
hea
d in
jury
Sour
ce: V
icto
rian
Sta
te T
raum
a Re
gist
ry
Wor
king
toge
ther
to im
prov
e tr
aum
a ou
tcom
es…
Savi
ng L
ives
. Im
prov
ing
Care
.
Wor
king
toge
ther
to im
prov
e tr
aum
a ou
tcom
es…
Savi
ng L
ives
. Im
prov
ing
Care
.
Adj
uste
d O
R fo
r inh
ospi
talm
orta
lity
in n
on-o
rgan
ised
syst
em =
3.2
2 (2
.85-
3.64
)
![Opening a [Gruen] Wristwatch Case and Removing the ... · Opening a [Gruen] Wristwatch Case and Removing the Movement [safely-ish] By Mike Barnett This is a tutorial on how to open](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5fad20331c61264f2c223d05/opening-a-gruen-wristwatch-case-and-removing-the-opening-a-gruen-wristwatch.jpg)
