Parking Brochure v4

8/13/2019 Parking Brochure v4

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POST -TENSIONED , CAST - IN -PLACE PARKING STRUCTURES


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EconomicConstructionCast-in-place, post-tensioned construction is one of themost economical construction systems available forparking garages. Over the life of the structure, the cost tomaintain cast-in-place, post-tensioned parking garages istypically less than that of alternative systems.

AIRPORT PARKING:DFW Terminal D Parking

COMMERCIAL PARKING:McKinney Place Garage


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In todays marketplace design and construction solutions must go beyonddurability and economy to also offer low maintenance and a lighter footprinton the environment. Post-tensioned structures are a growing solution to meetthis need. Properly designed and detailed cast-in-place post-tension concreteparking structures are virtually crack-free maintenance free and offer greataesthetic freedom and exibility for todays architectural designs

POST -TENSIONED PARKING

LowMaintenanceLoss of parking spaces during maintenance work results in loss of revenue and inconvenience to usersHowever, properly designed, detailed and constructedpost-tensioned oors are relatively crack-free, resulting in minimal maintenance issues. Reduced crackingcombined with the use of epoxy coated reinforcingsteel, encapsulated post-tensioning, low water/cemenratio, air entrained concrete, and concrete sealers makeit possible to achieve oor systems with minimal maintenance in even the most aggressive environments.

AestheticsThe architectural appeal of cast-in-place concrete iswidely recognized. Curvilinear shapes and forms areeasily achieved in a cost-effective manner with cast-in-place structures. Architectural treatments of exposedconcrete are easily achieved with cast-in-place, post-ten-sioned concrete parking garages.


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SmoothRiding SurfacesThe elimination of closely spaced joints results in a superior riding surface. Differential deections across jointsare not an issue in cast-in-place post-tensioned oorsThis creates a smoother and stiffer ride, with less bounceand vibration.

AIRPORT PARKING:BWI Consolidated Rental Car Facility

COMMERCIAL PARKING:Main Street Parking Garage


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P arking garage facility managers and owners expect their structure to be durable and have a long servicelife. Unfortunately, deterioration and corrosion can have dramatic effects on a concrete structure. Thepresence of concrete and steel combined with pedestrian and vehicular trafc lead to deciencies such ascorroding steel, cracking and spalling concrete and other signs of deterioration.One growing solution for extending the useful life of a parking structure is the use of post-tensioning PT) amethod of reinforcing or strengthening concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands or tendons.Millions of square feet of cast-in-place, post-tensioned parking garages are built in the United States each yearAccording to an independent survey completed in 2000, cast-in-place, post-tensioned systems were the mostfrequently selected structural system. Post-tensioned parking garages continue to gain market share in terms oboth the number of structures built and volume number of spaces). When all of the factors are evaluated, it iseasy to see why cast-in-place, post-tensioned concrete parking garages are the system of choice for the nationshospitals, universities, developers, parking operators, commercial owners and public institutions.There are a number of factors to be considered when selecting a building system for use as a parking garageCareful thought should be given to such long-term costs as maintenance and probable repairs, as well as an eyetoward sustainability. Cast-in-place, post-tensioned concrete construction allows owners and designers exibilityand creativity in parking garage design.

Initial andLife-Cycle Costs SavingsEconomic analysis and competitive bids show thatcast-in-place post-tensioned structural systems oftenprovide initial cost savings when compared to otherframing systems. When initial costs are close to thoseof other systems, life-cycle costs often show savingsfor cast-in-place post-tensioned systems.

Crack Controland WatertightnessPost-tensioned structural systems eliminate closelyspaced joints and help ensure water-tightness by plac-ing the oor in bi-axial compression, thereby control-ling and counteracting shrinkage and exural cracks.This is a very important advantage over other systems.Water and de-icer chemicals leaking through crackscan result in deterioration and costly repairs.

IDEAL RE INFORCEMENT


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FireResistanceThe slab thickness and beam widths commonly used inpost-tensioned structures provide re ratings that meetcode requirements. The thin-stemmed elements commonly used in other structural systems provide less concrete cover and lower re-resistance ratings.

MIXED USE:The Pike at Rainbow Harbor

AIRPORT PARKING:Phoenix Sky Harbor Rental Facility


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Not only is post-tensioning a highly efcient structural system that offers many benets in terms of durabilityand economics, but it also has proven to be a sustainable, low-environmental impact solution. Post-tensioning, compared to conventionally reinforced structures, uses less steel and concrete, while offering moreusable space in a structure. Further, a majority of raw strand is made from scrap metal. Other key benets include: Use of waste materials: waste products such as y ash and silica fume can be used in concrete Concrete can be recyclable and is usually available locally Energy savings: structures constructed of concrete have a larger thermal mass, which absorbs energy slowlyand holds it for much longer periods of time Reduction in greenhouse gases: the reduced energy requirements of a concrete structure can signicantlyreduce carbon dioxide emissions over its service life Durability concrete is resistant to the ravages of re and wind and free from rot, rust and termites Improved indoor air quality concrete is inert and does not give off toxins gases or VOCs

Lightingand SecurityThe long spans, wide beam spacing, and at sur-faces provided by post-tensioned parking structuresenhance lighting and improve patron security. Inaddition, cast-in-place, post-tensioned structures arebrighter and present a cleaner appearance. The openstructural systems also enhance lighting and createa more welcoming environment when compared toother systems.

ReducedStructural DepthStructural depth reductions are often essential to meetbuilding height restrictions and post-tensioning can reduce structural depths by one-third or more in comparison to other systems. In the case of underground parking garages, structural depth reduction is desirable toreduce excavation, soil retention system costs, and dewatering costs in sites with high water tables.

SUSTAINABIL ITY


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Deection andVibration ControlThe pre-compression caused by post-tensioning makesthe entire concrete section effective, which results in increased stiffness. Also, because of their draped conguration, post-tensioning tendons carry a signicant portion of the dead-load directly to the columns. The netload, which is the load that produces deections, istherefore reduced. The pre-compression, draped tendons and the monolithic nature of cast-in-place concretegarages signicantly reduce deection problems. Themonolithic construction, continuity and rigid connections between beams and columns reduce vibrations.

AIRPORT PARKING:Tampa International Economy Parking

COMMERCIAL PARKING:NorthPark Center Expansion


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Cast-in-place, post-tensioned construction allows for versatility in structural layout. Structural oor congurations are virtually limitless. Cast-in-place forms can be used to create helical ramps, spiral ramps, com-pound slopes and more. With cast-in-place, post-tensioned construction, you are not limited by standardpre-cast elements.Construction with post-tensioning allows long column-free spans and is adaptable to other functional require-ments of parking structures. Post-tensioned structures can easily accommodate slopes to drains, straight or curvedramps, warped surfaces that provide smooth transitions between ramps and level oors, and irregular plan layouts. There is no functional compromise as is often the case with other structural systems.Research and experience have shown that post-tensioned structures inherently provide structural integrity underabnormal and catastrophic loading. Well detailed cast-in-place post-tensioned structures have signicantly higherstructural integrity, redundancy and resistance to catastrophic loading than precast systems.One of the most important advantages of cast-in-place construction is greater control over the projects cost andschedule. Many of the problems associated with having to rely on other suppliers are eliminated. Both the timeand cost of hauling prefabricated pieces from the plant to the job site and the need for heavy lifting are elimi-nated. Large panel ying forms, modular forming systems and ever improving concrete technology continue toenhance the construction speed and economy of cast-in-place post-tensioned parking structures.

LateralLoadsSeismicLoadsOne only has to look to history to validate the proof ofperformance. Post-tensioned parking structures per-formed well in the 1971 San Fernando, 1989 Loma Prie-ta, and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Research hasshown that, under some conditions, unbonded post-ten-sioning improves the behavior of moment frames underseismic loads. Code provisions developed by the Build-ing Seismic Safety Council allow the use of unbondedpost-tensioning in ductile moment resisting frames.

Monolithic connections between slabs, beams and columns provide rigid frame action to resist wind and moderate seismic loads. This frame action frequently eliminates the need for shear walls, which results in costsavings and more open and efcient parking structureswith enhanced patron security.

DESIGN FEATURES


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INSTITUTIONAL PARKING:California State University

UNDERGROUND PARKING:Entry Pavilion

INSTITUTIONAL PARKING:Multimodal Facility/Transit Center

INSTITUTIONAL PARKING:Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian


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Established in 1976, the Post-Tensioning Institute PTI) is recognized as the worldwide authority on post-tensioning.PTI is dedicated to expanding post-tensioning applications through marketing, education, research, teamworkand code development, while advancing the quality, safety, efciency, protability and use of post-tensioning sys -tems. Members of the Institute include major post-tensioning material fabricators in the U.S., Canada and Mexico,and manufacturers of pre-stressing materials in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Japan and Europe, as well as companiessupplying materials, services and equipment used in post-tensioned construction. In addition, PTI has more than 500professional engineers, architects, inspectors and building ofcials as professional members.

www.post-tensioning.org602) 870-7540

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Parking Brochure v4