Park Smart: Best Parking Practices for Your Main Street May 29, 2014

Park Smart: Best Parking Practicesfor Your Main Street

May 29, 2014

PARK SMART: BEST PARKING PRACTICES FOR YOUR MAIN STREET

Carolyn Dellutri, CMSMSenior Director of Programs and ServicesNational Main Street Center


Hannah WhiteMembership CoordinatorNational Main Street Center

Questions during the webinar?

Email Hannah at [email protected] and we’ll try and cover them at the end of the session.

mailto:[email protected]

PRESENTERS

Stephen J. Rebora, RAPresidentDESMAN Associates

Mr. Rebora is the President of DESMAN Associates which specializes in the design, restoration, and planning of parking structures. He is a licensed architect and has been an integral part of the parking design and planning industry for over 25 years. As such, his works have been published by the NPA, The Urban Land Institute, and Architectural Record. During Mr. Rebora’s tenure with DESMAN, he has been involved with hundreds of projects which have largely focused on the design of new parking structures.

Christian Luz, AICPPrincipalDESMAN Associates

Mr. Luz is a Principal with DESMAN Associates and leads their South Florida office. He has a BS in Civil and Environmental Engineering and a MS in Civil Engineering specializing in Planning. Mr. Luz is also a registered professional engineer and a certified planner. He has extensive experience in the conduct of a wide variety of transportation planning, parking studies, functional design and design/build, and financial feasibility studies.


• Shared Parking

• Sustainability

• Rates and Time Limits

SHARED PARKING – Principles and Practice

Definitions

• Shared (sher’d) n. – to receive, use, experience, endure, etc. in common with another or others

• Parking (park’n) vt. – to maneuver (a vehicle) into a space where it can be left temporarily

• Shared Parking – a parking space that can be used to serve two or more individuals land uses without conflict or encroachment


Importance and Relevance

• Reduces amount of land devoted to parking thereby allowing greater development density or green space

• Reduces the number of spaces required thereby reducing construction and maintenance cost

• Increases communication and coordination between individual business and between the business community and the municipality (mutual need and benefit)

SHARED PARKING – Essential Components

Land Use - The way land is developed and used in terms of the types of activities allowed (agriculture, residential, retail, etc.) and the size of buildings and structures permitted

Mixed-Use - Properties on which various uses, i.e. office, commercial, and residential are combined in a single building or on a single site in an integrated development project with significant functional interrelationships and coherent physical design.

SHARED PARKING – Essential Components

Office Accumulation Pattern

0%

10%

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6 AM 7 AM 8 AM 9 AM 10AM

11AM

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1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10PM

11PM

12AM

Perc

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Office Accumulation Pattern

Restaurant Accumulation Pattern

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6 AM 7 AM 8 AM 9 AM 10AM

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1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10PM

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Restaurant Accumulation Pattern

Variations - There are variations in the peak accumulation of parked vehicles as the result of different activity patterns of adjacent or nearby land uses


Select base parking ratios

Gather and review project data

Adjust ratios for auto use demographics

Determine hourly accumulation patterns

Determine seasonality

Define operations/management strategy

Calculate hourly and peak parking demand

SHARED PARKING – Practices







Determine hourly accumulation patterns

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

6 7 8 9 10 11N

oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

mid

nigh

t

Office

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

6 7 8 9 10 11N

oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

mid

nigh

t

Retail

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

6 7 8 9 10 11N

oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

mid

nigh

t

Restaurant

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

6 7 8 9 10 11N

oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

mid

nigh

t

Condominium

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

6 7 8 9 10 11N

oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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Hotel


Hour of day Office Retail Rest. Condo Hotel Entermt.

6 3% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0%7 20% 8% 2% 87% 85% 0%8 63% 18% 5% 79% 65% 0%9 93% 42% 10% 73% 55% 0%

10 100% 68% 20% 68% 45% 5%11 100% 87% 30% 59% 35% 5%

noon 90% 97% 50% 60% 30% 10%1 90% 100% 70% 59% 30% 10%2 97% 97% 60% 60% 35% 10%3 93% 95% 60% 61% 35% 20%4 77% 87% 50% 66% 45% 25%5 47% 79% 70% 77% 60% 65%6 23% 82% 90% 85% 70% 70%7 7% 89% 100% 94% 75% 95%8 7% 87% 100% 96% 90% 100%9 3% 61% 100% 98% 95% 100%

10 3% 32% 90% 99% 100% 100%11 0% 13% 70% 100% 100% 45%12 0% 0% 50% 100% 100% 10%

Det

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ly a

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Sensitivity to local issues•Enforcement•Type of access/revenue control •Rates and Fees•Permits and validations•Hours of operation•Combined management (public & private sector)•Planning and zoning “buy in”

Define operations/management strategy



0

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Time Office Retail Rest. Condo Hotel Total6 10 0 0 210 45 2657 64 13 2 183 38 3008 202 30 5 166 29 4329 298 71 10 153 25 556

10 320 114 19 143 20 61611 320 146 29 124 16 635

Noon 288 163 48 126 14 6381 288 168 67 124 14 6612 310 163 58 126 16 6733 298 160 58 128 16 6594 246 146 48 139 20 5995 150 133 67 162 27 5396 74 138 86 179 32 5087 22 150 96 197 34 4998 22 146 96 202 41 5079 10 102 96 206 43 457

10 10 54 86 208 45 40311 0 22 67 210 45 344

midnight 0 0 48 210 45 303



SHARED PARKING – A Starting Point

Three examples that can serve as a starting point for a shared-use agreement:

1. City of San Diego, CA2. Town of Cary, NC3. Municipality of Anchorage, AK

Available for download in the:

National Main Street Center Resource Library

SUSTAINABILITY - Mission

“Our firm is set up to encourage the creative process, to share ideas and talents among all of our offices and deliver an exceptional end product to our clients. DESMAN embraces diversity and is committed to provide excellence in the design of parking facilities, rehabilitation programs for existing structures and innovative parking studies for all market sectors. Internally we strive to enrich the lives of our employees and embrace personal values. We care about serving our clients, and improving the communities in which we work. Our enduring client relationships reflect our ongoing commitment to the principles of collaboration, partnership and hard work.”

SUSTAINABILITY – LEED Focused




SUSTAINABILITY – Cost Savings

SUSTAINABILITY – Cost Savings

SUSTAINABILITY – Durability

SUSTAINABILITY – Durability

SUSTAINABILITY – Adaptive Reuse






RATES & TIME LIMITS – Let’s Get on the Same Page

Assumption - we are targeting on-street parking located in the core of downtown.Goal - we want to prioritize on-street, proximal short-term parking for customers:

• managing the length of time a space can be used; and

• providing access to available on-street parking spaces.

Solution - we have two primary methods of achieving this goal:

• charge for parking; or• implement maximum time limits with or without

parking charges.

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Definitions

Turnover – the number of times a parking space is used, typically throughout the course of the day. This term can also be applied to a block face or group of parking spaces.

Duration – the length of time a parker remains in a parking space.

Time-limited – setting the length of time a parker can remain in a space. Time-limited parking may apply to free, on-street spaces as well as spaces that are metered.

Rates – herein refers to a rate schedule that may represent any number of permutations that include by the hour, by time of day, by day of week. Also herein, we are discussing (primarily) use of on-street single and multi-space meters.

http://www.digitalpaytech.com/products/multi-space-parking-pay-stations/luke-II.aspx

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Managing Parking Behavior

On-Street Parking Policy• On-street parking dedicated to customer use• Maximum time limits related to location of off-

street parking• Make ticket writers parking personnel not police• Parking fines captured in parking fund• Maintain cost and revenue in parking fund• Base rate of schedule has direct

relationship to the cost to provide parking• Parking Benefit Districts - look for revenue sharing

opportunities with “shy” business or neighborhood communities

Off-Street Parking Policy• For employee and daily parkers typically > 2-3

hours in duration• Maintain cost and revenue in parking fund• Hourly rates should be less (typically about ¾ the

on-street hourly rate)• Daily cost to park about ½ to ¾ of comparable on-

street cost• Employee parking facilities – public or private

with “safe walk” routes



GeneralitiesRates - should be consistent with the cost to provide “sustainable” parking•Example - Old Pasadena

Today 1,200 parking meters generate $1.5 million in revenue.

The city reinvests a portion of the parking meter revenue into infrastructure improvements

The rest goes to pay the city’s share of the cost of a business improvement district which uses its funds to care for and market the area

•There is no real “base rate” for different size cities, it’s dependent on your competition and the attraction of the destination•NPA and Colliers conduct national parking rate surveys


Generalities• Experience tells us it is difficult to manage parking

behavior at rates less than $0.50 per hour• Most common method to determine rates (aside

from creating a self-sustaining rate structure) is to conduct a peer city survey

Fines - Most duration studies tell us about 75% or more of parking durations are 2 hours or less

• Overtime parking fines should be in proportion to the actual cost to pay for parking

• If free, the overtime fine needs to be a disincentive to parking on-street for trips over 2 hours

• Escalating fines within 6 month time period, $35, $75, $150.


What is the value of a parking space?

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Customer Friendly

Validation Programs•Wide variety ofvalidation programs for merchants, employees and customers•Combined with metered parking can provide unlimited opportunities•Pay by mobile phone apps

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Customer Friendly

Boulder, CO example - When you patronize a business, check with the staff to see if they participate in the validation or token programs.Validation•Half-hour books contain 200 stamps for $100 with a max. of 4 stamps or 2 hours of free parking for each ticket. Stamps are applied to the first 2 hours of parking.•One hour books contain 100 stamps for $75 with a max. of 1 stamp or 1 hour of free parking for each ticket. Stamp is applied to the first hour of parking.Meter TokensWhen you patronize a business, check with the staff to see if they participate in the token program.•Tokens come in rolls of 50 for $9.50/roll, each token is worth 12 minutes of parking•Tokens for personal use or employee parking cost $12.50/roll

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Employee Parking Abuse

Managing “free, time limited” parking and employee abuse•Ordinance

Standard ordinance to prohibit “shuffling” on block face Aggressive ordinance that prohibits shuffling within an area

•Enforcement Labor – chalk tires, record license plates Technology – ALPR systems

•Fines/Penalties Forgiving approach Escalating fines for habitual abusers

•Employee alternatives Incentivize employee off-street parking Consider on-street parking permits Coordinate solutions through business associations Safe walk program

RATES & TIME LIMITS – Employee Parking Abuse

PRESENTERS

Stephen J. Rebora, RAPresidentDESMAN Associates

[email protected]

Christian Luz, AICPPrincipalDESMAN Associates

[email protected]

Q&A

PRESENTERS

Thank you!

Stay tuned for the next installment of the National Main Street Center Innovation Lab and send us your ideas for

future topics to [email protected]!

Documents

Park Smart: Best Parking Practices for Your Main Street May 29, 2014