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3SMART PARKINGSMART PARKING

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Goals for Smart ParkingGoals for Smart Parking

• Balance parking supply and demand

• Consider innovative parking management policies

• Locate parking with sensitivity to context

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Key Concepts and Key Concepts and DefinitionsDefinitions

• There is no such thing as free parking

• Parking costs $5k-$40k per space

• Costs are passed along to the consumer

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Key Concepts and Key Concepts and DefinitionsDefinitions

• TOD requires less parking because households near transit own fewer cars

• Residents and workers near transit ride transit more

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Key Concepts and Key Concepts and DefinitionsDefinitions

• Short-term vs. Long-term Parking

• Short-term: Convenience retail oriented, generally on-street

• Long-term: Generally off-street with a mix of uses

• Regional vs. local parking

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ChallengesChallenges

• Most cities have a one-size-fits-all parking requirement which covers the entire city

• Parking requirements do not change with density and transit availability, which add costs to TOD

• Managing parking effectively requires an investment of resources

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Types of Parking and Types of Parking and Parking ToolsParking Tools

• Park-and-Ride• Shared Parking• Bicycle Parking• “Unbundled” Parking• Car Sharing• All are appropriate

for residential and employment districts

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Park-and-RidePark-and-Ride• Parking located near

transit stations that is provided for transit riders

• User fees are sometimes charged

• Usually located on publicly owned land

• Does not need to be immediately adjacent to transit station

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Shared ParkingShared Parking

• Parking that is shared among multiple uses

• Takes advantage of different peak usage hours for parking

• Can be used in both residential and employment environments

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Do opportunities exist to Do opportunities exist to share parking?share parking?

6 Noon 6

Office

Restaurant

Entertainment

TOTAL SPACES

5 1/2 – 6 per 1,000 sf

EMPTY6 Noon 6

Shared ParkingExclusive Parking

TOTAL SPACES

2 1/2 – 3 per 1,000 sf

Office

Entertainment

Restaurant

Empty

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Bicycle ParkingBicycle Parking

• Types of Bicycle Parking- Indoor Parking- Bicycle Lockers- Bicycle Racks

• Approximately 10 bikes can fit in 1 car parking space

• Weather protection and security are critical for use

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““Unbundled” ParkingUnbundled” Parking

• Parking physically or economically separated from its associated use

• Affects the sizing, design, site, and construction of parking

• Promotes efficient use of parking resources

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Car SharingCar Sharing

• Access to centrally owned and maintained vehicles

• Located near homes, workplaces, or transit hubs

• Helps lower household auto ownership rates

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3 Strategies for Smart 3 Strategies for Smart ParkingParking

1. Regulatory Tools for Smart Parking

2. District Parking Tools

3. Smart Parking Design

Parking garage at Kansas City Library

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Strategy 1: Regulatory Strategy 1: Regulatory ToolsTools

• Reduce or eliminate minimum parking requirement

• Create Parking Maximums

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Reduce or Eliminate Reduce or Eliminate Minimum Parking Minimum Parking

Requirements Requirements • Tailor

requirements to usage

• Allow for shared parking

• Let the market determine parking levels

• Requires viable transportation alternatives Hunts Point, WA

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Create Parking Create Parking MaximumsMaximums

• Set limits or “caps” on the quantity of parking that can be provided.

• Promotes more efficient use of land

• Encourages the use of alternative modes.

Most places overbuild parking

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Strategy 2: District-Wide Strategy 2: District-Wide Parking ToolsParking Tools

• Parking Assessment

• Parking Pricing• District Parking

Financing

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Parking AssessmentParking Assessment

• Evaluate current utilization of public and private parking resources

• Recommend appropriate tools to maximize parking assets and potentially generate additional revenue

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Parking PricingParking Pricing

• Can affect parking occupancy, induce greater turnover, increase parking availability and generate revenue.

• Effective pricing can impact the amount of commuter parking and increase customer access to short-term parking supplies.

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District Parking District Parking FinancingFinancing

• Tools and methods available to finance development of district parking

• Can also finance parking-related transportation improvements

New York towns have existing on-street parking assets

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District Parking District Parking FinancingFinancing

• Many different types of financing tools

• Parking districts are used for funding:Local Transit

(bus/streetcar)Street ImprovementsPublic and private

development

New York towns have existing on-street parking assets

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Strategy 3: Smart Strategy 3: Smart Parking DesignParking Design

• Use on-street parking to calm traffic

• Hide parking from the street

• Activate the ground floor of structure parking

• Provide pedestrian amenities and security

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Use On-Street Parking to Use On-Street Parking to Calm TrafficCalm Traffic

• Provides buffer for traffic

• Provides short-term parking reservoir

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Hide Parking from the Hide Parking from the StreetStreet

• Off-street parking should be located behind buildings, not in front

• Trees or other landscape barriers can also screen parking areas

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Provide Pedestrian Provide Pedestrian Amenities and SecurityAmenities and Security

• Lighting and safety are important features of off-street parking

• Landscaping and clear pathways improve pedestrian access

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Activate the Ground Floor Activate the Ground Floor of Structured Parkingof Structured Parking

• Ground floor retail or other uses can be added to off-street garages

• Entries to garages should be located in side streets or alleys

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Case Study: Cranford, NJ

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3QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?COMMENTS?COMMENTS?

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