Paraphrasing

Anisa Risatyah, S.Pd

• Putting a short passage from another author or speaker into your own style

• It should not alter the ideas of the original author or speaker

• It can be shorter or longer than the original text

Characteristics of good paraphrasing

• Correct

• Must include one’s own words

• Must make sense

H ow to paraphrase?

• By changing the vocabulary (verb/noun)

• By changing the verb form (active to passive)

Changing the vocabulary

She examined the difficulties that....

She investigated the problems that...

Whether designing a language course or

planning our own course of study, it is useful

to be able to set learning goals that will allow

us to use the language in the ways we want

to.

Formation of the Passive1. He writes many letters

2. He wrote many letters

3. He has written many letters

4. He had written many letters

5. He would write many letters

6. He would have written many letters

7. He is writing many letters

8. He was writing many letters

9. He will write many letters

10.He will have written many letters

11.He is going to write many letters

12.He should write many letters

Changing the verb form

• Johns (1987:115) analyzed the students’ difficulties and...

The students’ difficulties were analyzed by Johns (1987:115) and..

It was the Arabs who brought Muslim civilization from Spain to Septimania and the Maghreb to Sicily and Southern Italy.

Reporting verbs commonly used in paraphrasing

• Observe• Point out• Remark• Say• Affirm• Argue• Assume• Believe• claim

• Conclude• Explain• Find• Emphasize• Consider• Agree• Add• Recommend• View

Documenting book

Perrin, R. (2007). Pocket Guide to APA Style. Boston: Houghton Miffin.

Richards,J. and T. Rodgers. (1986). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Documenting journal

• Montgomery,C.and M.Eisentein.(1985).Reality Revisited: An Experimental Communicative Course in ESL. Tesol Quarterly, 19,317-334.

Documenting online journal

Kenneth, I.A.(2000).A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights.Journal of Buddhist Ethics,8. Retrieved February 20,2001, from http://www.cac/psu/edu/jbe/twocont.html

Documenting website

Author,A.and Author B.(date of publication).Title of article or document. Retrieved month, date, year, from http://web address