Papua New Guinea submitted on 17 April 2019...the technical analysis of Papua New Guinea’s first BUR, the TTE prepared and shared a draft summary report with Papua New Guinea on

GE.20-03678(E)

*2003678*

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Papua New Guinea submitted on 17 April 2019

Summary report by the team of technical experts

Summary

According to decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(a), Parties not included in Annex I to

the Convention, consistently with their capabilities and the level of support provided for

reporting, were to submit their first biennial update report by December 2014. As mandated,

the least developed country Parties and small island developing States may submit biennial

update reports at their discretion. This summary report presents the results of the technical

analysis of the first biennial update report of Papua New Guinea, conducted by a team of

technical experts in accordance with the modalities and procedures contained in the annex to

decision 20/CP.19.

United Nations FCCC/SBI/ICA/2019/TASR.1/PNG

Distr.: General

22 April 2020

English only

FCCC/SBI/ICA/2019/TASR.1/PNG

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Contents

Paragraphs Page

Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................................ 3

I. Introduction and process overview .......................................................................... 1–10 4

A. Introduction .................................................................................................... 1–5 4

B. Process overview ............................................................................................ 6–10 4

II. Technical analysis of the biennial update report ..................................................... 11–68 5

A. Scope of the technical analysis ....................................................................... 11–12 5

B. Extent of the information reported .................................................................. 13–14 5

C. Technical analysis of the information reported ............................................... 15–66 5

D. Identification of capacity-building needs ........................................................ 67–68 13

III. Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 69–74 15

Annexes

I. Extent of the information reported by Papua New Guinea in its first biennial

update report..................................................................................................................................... 17

II. Documents and information used during the technical analysis ...................................................... 22


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Abbreviations and acronyms

AD activity data

BUR biennial update report

CCDA Climate Change and Development Authority of Papua New Guinea

CDM clean development mechanism

CH4 methane

CO carbon monoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide

CO2 eq carbon dioxide equivalent

EF emission factor

GEF Global Environment Facility

GHG greenhouse gas

GWP global warming potential

HFC hydrofluorocarbon

ICA international consultation and analysis

IO instantaneous oxidation

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPCC good practice guidance Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories

IPCC good practice guidance

for LULUCF

Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry

IPPU industrial processes and product use

LULUCF land use, land-use change and forestry

MRV measurement, reporting and verification

NC national communication

NCCDMP National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy of

Papua New Guinea

NE not estimated

NMVOC non-methane volatile organic compound

NO not occurring

non-Annex I Party Party not included in Annex I to the Convention

NOX nitrogen oxides

NRS National REDD+ Strategy 2017–2027 of Papua New Guinea

N2O nitrous oxide

PFC perfluorocarbon

POME palm oil mill effluent

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

REDD+ reducing emissions from deforestation; reducing emissions from forest

degradation; conservation of forest carbon stocks; sustainable

management of forests; and enhancement of forest carbon stocks

(decision 1/CP.16, para. 70)

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

SF6 sulfur hexafluoride

SOX sulfur oxides

TTE team of technical experts

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC guidelines for the

preparation of NCs from non-

Annex I Parties

“Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties

not included in Annex I to the Convention”

UNFCCC reporting guidelines

on BURs

“UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included

in Annex I to the Convention”

2006 IPCC Guidelines 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories


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I. Introduction and process overview

A. Introduction

1. The process of ICA consists of two steps: a technical analysis of the submitted BUR

and a facilitative sharing of views under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, resulting

in a summary report and record, respectively.

2. According to decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(a), non-Annex I Parties, consistently

with their capabilities and the level of support provided for reporting, were to submit their

first BUR by December 2014.

3. Further, according to paragraph 58(a) of the same decision, the first round of ICA is

to commence for non-Annex I Parties within six months of the submission of the Parties’

first BUR. The frequency of developing country Parties’ participation in subsequent rounds

of ICA, depending on their respective capabilities and national circumstances, and the special

flexibility for small island developing States and the least developed country Parties, will be

determined by the frequency of the submission of BURs.

4. Decision 14/CP.19, paragraph 7, outlines that developing country Parties seeking to

obtain and receive payments for results-based actions can submit relevant information and

data through the BUR in the form of a technical annex as per decision 2/CP.17, annex III,

paragraph 19. Decision 14/CP.19, paragraph 8, outlines that the submission of the technical

annex is voluntary and in the context of results-based payments. As mandated by decision

14/CP.19, paragraphs 10–14, the technical annex submitted by Papua New Guinea has been

subject to technical analysis by two LULUCF experts as part of the technical analysis of the

Party’s BUR.

5. This summary report presents the results of the technical analysis of the first BUR of

Papua New Guinea, undertaken by a TTE in accordance with the provisions on the

composition, modalities and procedures of the TTE under ICA contained in the annex to

decision 20/CP.19. The technical report capturing the results of the technical analysis of the

technical annex voluntarily submitted by Papua New Guinea in the context of results-based

payments in accordance with paragraphs 7 and 8 of decision 14/CP.19, referred to in

paragraph 4 above, is contained in document FCCC/SBI/ICA/2019/TATR.1/PNG.

B. Process overview

6. In accordance with the mandate referred to in paragraph 2 above, Papua New Guinea

submitted its first BUR on 17 April 2019 as a stand-alone update report.

7. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that a lack of capacity to use the 2006

IPCC Guidelines and a lack of capacity to prepare the BUR resulted in the delay to the

submission.

8. The technical analysis of the BUR took place from 2 to 6 September 2019 in Bonn

and was undertaken by the following TTE, drawn from the UNFCCC roster of experts on the

basis of the criteria defined in decision 20/CP.19, annex, paragraphs 2–6: Ahmad Wafiq

Aboelnasr (Egypt), Kwame Agyei (Ghana), Rehab Ahmed Hassan (member of the

Consultative Group of Experts from Sudan), Nura Al-Otaibi (member of the Consultative

Group of Experts from Saudi Arabia), Nicolo Macaluso (Canada), Tahira Munir (Pakistan),

Raúl Salas Reyes (Mexico) and Maarten van der Eynden (Norway). Mr. Macaluso and Mr.

Salas Reyes were the co-leads. The technical analysis was coordinated by Luca Birigazzi and

Alma Jean (secretariat).

9. During the technical analysis, in addition to the written exchange, through the

secretariat, to provide technical clarifications on the information reported in the BUR, the

TTE and Papua New Guinea engaged in consultation1 on the identification of capacity-

building needs for the preparation of BURs and participation in the ICA process. Following

1 The consultation was conducted via teleconferencing.


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the technical analysis of Papua New Guinea’s first BUR, the TTE prepared and shared a draft

summary report with Papua New Guinea on 2 December 2019 for its review and comment.

Papua New Guinea, in turn, provided its feedback on the draft summary report on 2 March

2020.

10. The TTE responded to and incorporated Papua New Guinea’s comments referred to

in paragraph 9 above and finalized the summary report in consultation with the Party on 27

March 2020.

II. Technical analysis of the biennial update report

A. Scope of the technical analysis

11. The scope of the technical analysis is outlined in decision 20/CP.19, annex,

paragraph 15, according to which the technical analysis aims to, without engaging in a

discussion on the appropriateness of the actions, increase the transparency of mitigation

actions and their effects and shall entail the following:

(a) The identification of the extent to which the elements of information listed in

paragraph 3(a) of the ICA modalities and guidelines (decision 2/CP.17, annex IV) have been

included in the BUR of the Party concerned (see chap. II.B below);

(b) A technical analysis of the information reported in the BUR, specified in the

UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs (decision 2/CP.17, annex III), and any additional

technical information provided by the Party concerned (see chap. II.C below);

(c) The identification, in consultation with the Party concerned, of capacity-

building needs related to the facilitation of reporting in accordance with the UNFCCC

reporting guidelines on BURs and to participation in ICA in accordance with the ICA

modalities and guidelines, taking into account Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention (see

chap. II.D below).

12. The remainder of this chapter presents the results of each of the three parts of the

technical analysis of Papua New Guinea’s BUR outlined in paragraph 11 above.

B. Extent of the information reported

13. The elements of information referred to in paragraph 11(a) above include the national

GHG inventory report; information on mitigation actions, including a description of such

actions, an analysis of their impacts and the associated methodologies and assumptions, and

the progress made in their implementation; information on domestic MRV; and information

on support needed and received.

14. According to decision 20/CP.19, annex, paragraph 15(a), in undertaking the technical

analysis of the submitted BUR, the TTE is to identify the extent to which the elements of

information listed in paragraph 13 above have been included in the BUR of the Party

concerned. The TTE considers that the reported information is partially consistent with the

UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs. Specific details on the extent of the information

reported for each of the required elements are provided in annex I.

C. Technical analysis of the information reported

15. The technical analysis referred to in paragraph 11(b) above aims to increase the

transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, without engaging in a discussion on the

appropriateness of those actions. Accordingly, the focus of the technical analysis was on the

transparency of the information reported in the BUR.

16. For information reported on national GHG inventories, the technical analysis also

focused on the consistency of the methods used for preparing those inventories with the


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appropriate methods developed by the IPCC and referred to in the UNFCCC reporting

guidelines on BURs.

17. The results of the technical analysis are presented in the remainder of this chapter.

1. Information on national circumstances and institutional arrangements relevant to the

preparation of national communications on a continuous basis

18. As per the scope defined in paragraph 2 of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on

BURs, the BUR should provide an update to the information contained in the most recently

submitted NC, including information on national circumstances and institutional

arrangements relevant to the preparation of NCs on a continuous basis. In their NCs, non-

Annex I Parties report on their national circumstances following the reporting guidance

contained in decision 17/CP.8, annex, paragraphs 3–5, and they could report similar

information in their BUR, which is an update of their most recently submitted NC.

19. Papua New Guinea reported in its first BUR the following information on its national

circumstances: a description of its geography, biodiversity, climate and weather, population,

economy, agriculture, forestry, fish resources, energy and transport, as well as information

regarding constraints on the specific needs and concerns arising from the adverse effects of

climate change and/or the impact of the implementation of response measures, as referred to

in Article 4, paragraph 8, and, as appropriate, in Article 4, paragraphs 9 and 10, of the

Convention. The Party reported that it is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change

owing to its national circumstances. It is a geomorphologically diverse country in the South-

West Pacific Ocean and contains four large provincial islands and over 600 smaller islands

expanding over 800,000 km2 ocean. The total land area of the country is 46.9 million ha, with

5,152 km coastline and 40,000 km2 coral reefs. Papua New Guinea’s location makes it

particularly vulnerable to sea level rise and other weather-related manifestations of climate

change.

20. In addition, Papua New Guinea provided a summary of relevant information regarding

its national circumstances in tabular and graphic format.

21. Papua New Guinea transparently described in its BUR the existing institutional

arrangements relevant to the preparation of its NCs and BURs on a continuous basis. CCDA

is the designated national authority responsible for implementing the Convention and the

Paris Agreement in collaboration with other agencies. It coordinates the research, analysis

and development of the national policy and legislative framework for managing climate

change within the NCCDMP. It is also responsible for the overall coordination and

management of the preparation of the Party’s BURs and NCs. The Party reported

comprehensive information on the role and responsibilities of CCDA in coordinating such

preparation, including provision of the information required, and specific elements of the

ICA process. The legal framework that facilitates the sustainable institutional arrangements

is clearly reported on in the BUR, and includes Papua New Guinea Vision 2050, the Papua

New Guinea Development Strategic Plan 2010–2030, the Climate Change (Management)

Act 2015 and the United Nations Paris Agreement (Implementation) Act 2016.

2. National greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks

22. As indicated in table 1 in annex I, Papua New Guinea reported information on its

GHG inventory in its BUR partially in accordance with paragraphs 3–10 of the UNFCCC

reporting guidelines on BURs and paragraphs 8–24 of the UNFCCC guidelines for the

preparation of NCs from non-Annex I Parties, contained in the annex to decision 17/CP.8.

23. Papua New Guinea submitted its first BUR in April 2019 and the GHG inventory

reported is for 2000–2015, which is consistent with the requirements for the reporting time

frame. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that significant efforts were

made to improve the inventory for 2015, which is reported in its BUR, compared with the

GHG inventory provided as part of its NC2.

24. GHG emissions and removals for the BUR covering the 2000–2015 inventories were

estimated using mainly a tier 1 methodology from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Papua New

Guinea used the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for estimating emissions and removals for all


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categories of the energy, IPPU, agriculture, LULUCF and waste sectors, other than for

burning of agricultural residues, for which the Party used the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

For the LULUCF sector, country-specific EFs were used for some categories. The TTE

commends the Party for using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

25. The sources of AD were the existing lead government agencies for each sector, such

as the Department of Agriculture and Livestock, Papua New Guinea Forest Authority, Water

PNG, the National Statistical Office and the National Capital District Commission, and two

private companies in the field of the distribution of N2O and lubricants. In addition, AD were

obtained from international sources such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations.

26. Information on the Party’s total GHG emissions by gas for 2015 is outlined in table 1

in Gg CO2 eq. It shows an increase in emissions (excluding LULUCF) of 80.3 per cent since

2000 (7,718 Gg CO2 eq). Information on HFCs, PFCs and SF6 was not reported in the BUR.

During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it had encountered challenges in

obtaining a complete set of AD for those gases. Regarding HFCs, it clarified that it was able

to obtain supply data but not end-use data. The TTE noted that the Party clarifying these

challenges in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

Table 1

Greenhouse gas emissions and removals by gas for Papua New Guinea for 2015

Gas

GHG emissions (Gg CO2 eq)

including LULUCF

Change (%)

2000–2015

GHG emissions (Gg CO2 eq)

excluding LULUCF

Change (%)

2000–2015

CO2 9 211 149.4 8 061 135.8

CH4 5 144 35.0 4 750 34.4

N2O 838 30.9 667 28.0

HFCs NE NE NE NE

PFCs NE NE NE NE

SF6 NE NE NE NE

Total 15 193 207.2 13 477 80.3

27. Papua New Guinea applied notation keys in tables where numerical data were not

provided. The use of notation keys in some cases was not consistent with the UNFCCC

guidelines for the preparation of NCs from non-Annex I Parties. In table 2.5 of the BUR, for

GHG emissions in 2015, the notation key “IO” was reported for the category harvested wood

products. Notation keys were not reported for HFCs, PFCs or SF6, for which “0.00” was

reported instead. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that “IO” refers to

instantaneous oxidation and that emissions of fluorinated gases were not estimated. The Party

informed the TTE that it is planning to include HFCs in its next BUR and may consider

including the other fluorinated gases. The TTE noted that the Party including clarification of

“IO” and reporting emissions that occur but are not estimated as “NE” rather than “0.00”

could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported on the GHG emissions

from harvested wood products and HFCs, PFCs and SF6 reported in table 2.5 of the BUR.

28. Papua New Guinea reported partially comparable information addressing the tables

included in annex 3A.2 to the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF, as information

was provided at an aggregate level, and reported comparable information addressing the

sectoral reporting tables annexed to the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

29. The shares of emissions that different sectors contributed to the total GHG emissions

excluding LULUCF as reported by the Party for 2015 are reflected in table 2.


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Table 2

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector for Papua New Guinea for 2015

Sector GHG emissions

(Gg CO2 eq) Sharea (%) Change (%)2000–2015

Energy 11 806 87.61 88.2

Agriculture 796 5.91 16.7

LULUCF 1 716 – 107.9

IPPU 2 0.01 100.0

Waste 872 6.47 68.3

a Share of total without LULUCF.

30. Papua New Guinea reported information on its use of GWP values consistent with

those provided by the IPCC in its Second Assessment Report based on the effects over a 100-

year time-horizon of GHGs.

31. For the energy sector, total emissions were reported to be 11,806 Gg CO2 eq in 2015.

Some categories were reported as “NO” or “NE”, but the reason for not estimating the

emissions from these sources was not clearly identified. Emissions from transportation were

reported as an aggregated total that included emissions from domestic sources (such as road,

rail and aviation). During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it had faced

challenges in reporting on transportation disaggregated by mode owing to lack of data. It also

clarified that the source of AD for transport was the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

energy balance table, as there was no energy balance table for Papua New Guinea. The TTE

noted that the Party reporting on transportation disaggregated by mode, including separate

memo items for international aviation and international marine bunkers, reporting on the

types of fuel used and reporting the appropriate notation keys in the BUR could facilitate a

better understanding of the information reported.

32. For the IPPU sector, Papua New Guinea provided two different values for the total

emissions from the sector for 2015 in its BUR. In table 2.3, total emissions for the IPPU

sector were reported as 2 Gg CO2 eq, an increase of 100 per cent compared with the 2000

level. In section 2.4.2.1, total emissions for the IPPU sector were reported as 35.29 Gg CO2

eq. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that the correct value for total emissions

from the IPPU sector for 2015 is 2 Gg CO2 eq. In its BUR, Papua New Guinea clarified that

a major adjustment concerning the categories covered in the IPPU sector was made compared

with its NC2. The reported emissions from the IPPU sector currently cover two categories:

non-energy products from fuels and fossil fuels (lubricant use) and other product manufacture

and use (N2O for medical use).

33. For the agriculture sector, total emissions for 2015 were reported as 796 Gg CO2 eq,

an increase of 16.72 per cent compared with the 2000 level. Emissions of N2O from

agricultural soils and of CH4 from enteric fermentation were identified as key categories and

were the most significant emissions sources in the sector. Papua New Guinea used EFs from

the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Emissions from liming and urea application were not included in

the BUR owing to limited availability of AD.

34. For the LULUCF sector, total emissions for 2015 were reported as 1,716 Gg CO2 eq.

The annual net emissions from the LULUCF sector fluctuated between a minimum of –

21,654 Gg CO2 eq in 2000 and a maximum of 3,898 Gg CO2 eq in 2013. Emissions from

settlements remaining settlements, wetlands and other land were not reported. During the

technical analysis, Papua New Guinea explained that those emissions were difficult to

estimate owing to lack of data and methodology. The TTE noted that the Party clarifying this

information in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

35. For the waste sector, total emissions for 2015 were reported as 872 Gg CO2 eq, an

increase of 68.43 per cent compared with the 2000 level. CH4 emissions from wastewater

treatment and discharge and from solid waste disposal were the most significant emissions

sources in the sector. Information was not reported on waste incineration or open burning of

waste.


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36. Papua New Guinea reported its national GHG inventory as a chapter of the BUR,

containing information that provides an update of the Party’s NC2, which addressed

anthropogenic emissions and removals for 1994 and 2010. The update was carried out for all

years 2000–2015 using the methodologies contained in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, thus

generating a consistent 16-year time series. Summary information tables of the inventory for

1994 were not reported in the BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that the

preparation of the GHG inventories reported in its NC1 and NC2 was carried out on a project

basis and not institutionalized. The TTE noted that the Party reporting information for

previous submission years in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the

information reported.

37. Papua New Guinea described in its BUR the institutional framework for the

preparation of its 2015 GHG inventory. CCDA is the governmental body responsible for

national climate change policy and is responsible for the Party’s GHG inventory and BUR,

which were prepared with the support of UNEP, which acts as the GEF implementing agency

for the project. Among its key functions, CCDA identifies data sources for each sector,

collects and compiles AD and EFs for each sector and is responsible for the estimation and

reporting of GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks for the national inventory.

38. Papua New Guinea reported that a key category analysis was performed with and

without LULUCF for the level of emissions, and a table containing the results was included

in the BUR. However, the Party did not report clearly the methodology used for conducting

the key category analysis. During the technical analysis, it clarified that a quantitative key

category analysis was carried out in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The TTE

noted that the Party reporting on the methodology used for conducting the key category

analysis in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

39. The BUR provides information on QA/QC measures for some sectors. The TTE

commends Papua New Guinea for providing information in accordance with the IPCC good

practice guidance. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it had encountered

challenges in conducting QA/QC.

40. Papua New Guinea reported in figure 2.6 of its BUR information on CO2 fuel

combustion using both the sectoral and the reference approach and the differences between

the two approaches. The Party reported differences between the estimates calculated using

the two approaches of 23 per cent for 2004 and 15 per cent for 2015, which were due to

statistical discrepancies in the crude oil and natural gas data, respectively. The Party also

reported differences between the estimates calculated using the two approaches ranging from

0 to 7 per cent for the other GHG inventory years.

41. Information was not clearly reported on international aviation and marine bunker fuels.

The TTE noted that Papua New Guinea reported emissions from road transportation, civil

aviation and navigation for both domestic and international bunkers at an aggregated level.

42. Papua New Guinea did not report information on the uncertainty assessment of its

national GHG inventory. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it had faced

challenges in conducting the uncertainty assessment, and capacity-building for conducting

uncertainty assessment was identified as one of the Party’s needs in its BUR.

43. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on GHG inventories

could be further enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 26–28, 31, 32, 34–37,

39, 42 and 43 above.

3. Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and

assumptions

44. As indicated in table 2 in annex I, Papua New Guinea reported in its BUR, partially

in accordance with paragraphs 11–13 of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs,

information on mitigation actions and their effects, to the extent possible.

45. The information reported provides a clear overview of the Party’s mitigation actions

and their effects. In its BUR, the Party clearly outlined information on its international

context and domestic policies, both national and sectoral. Papua New Guinea frames its

national mitigation planning and actions in the context of the two long-term policies


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represented in Papua New Guinea Vision 2050 – the Papua New Guinea Development

Strategic Plan 2010–2030 and the National Strategy for Responsible Sustainable

Development for Papua New Guinea – in addition to short-term policies presented in the

NCCDMP, which was endorsed in 2014. Regarding the long-term policies, Papua New

Guinea reported that environmental sustainability and climate change was one of the seven

pillars of the country’s Vision 2050, the aim of which is to shift the country’s growth from

the current emission-intensive trend dominated by the mining and energy sectors towards

agriculture, forestry, fisheries, ecotourism and manufacturing by 2050. Three mitigation

policies for achieving that aim (namely, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, abating

LULUCF emissions, and promoting green economic growth through low GHG emission

infrastructure and technology) are outlined in the NCCDMP.

46. Regarding its short-term policies, Papua New Guinea reported that the Climate

Change (Management) Act 2015 was passed to provide continuity for the NCCDMP and set

the country on a path to a low-carbon economy by providing an overarching legal framework

for regulating climate change. Following the ratification of the Paris Agreement by the Party,

the United Nations Paris Agreement (Implementation) Act was passed by its Parliament in

2016, which facilitated implementation of the country’s first nationally determined

contribution (submitted in March 2016). The main mitigation action reported therein was

shifting electricity generation towards renewable energy sources, in addition to other actions

such as improving energy efficiency, reducing emissions from the oil and gas sector and

implementing REDD+ activities.

47. Papua New Guinea reported 17 mitigation actions or action areas in its BUR: two

actions in the agriculture sector, six actions and two action areas in the energy sector, one

action in the oil and gas sector, three actions in the transport sector, two actions in the IPPU

sector and one action area in the waste sector. A summary of some of its mitigation actions

was reported in tabular format (table 3.1 of the BUR) in accordance with decision 2/CP.17,

annex III, paragraph 11. The Party also reported information on individual actions and groups

of actions in the energy, transport, IPPU, agriculture, LULUCF and waste sectors in textual

format in the BUR. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that the

information reported in textual format was for sectoral mitigation policies and strategies,

while the information reported in tabular format was for mitigation projects. The Party

indicated that it had faced challenges in reporting the required information for the policies

and strategies in tabular format. The TTE noted that the Party clarifying the challenges faced

in reporting in tabular format in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the

information reported.

48. Consistently with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 12(a), Papua New Guinea

reported the names of mitigation actions. However, information on coverage (sector and

gases) and progress indicators was provided only for the mitigation actions reported in table

3.1 of the BUR. A clear description of most of the mitigation actions was reported in the

BUR. The Party reported quantitative goals for the renewable energy plan and for the project

on renewable energy generation from biomass listed in table 3.1 of the BUR, but information

on quantitative goals for most of the other reported actions was not included. For the

LULUCF and agriculture sectors, it was not clearly reported whether the NRS or the

NCCDMP provides a description of and quantitative goals for each of the reported action

areas.

49. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that it had faced challenges

in reporting the quantitative goals for the actions in the LULUCF, agriculture and transport

sectors since they were not captured in the relevant national policies and strategies. The Party

also clarified that it had faced challenges in reporting the quantitative goals for the other

actions related to energy efficiency, oil and gas, IPPU and waste, owing to either inactive

institutional arrangements between CCDA as the reporting agency and the implementing

entities or lack of technical capacity. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea

further clarified that it had reported progress indicators only for the actions that had been

implemented and for those for which there was an active institutional arrangement with the

implementing entity. The Party provided information on the GHGs covered and clarified that

it planned to submit detailed information thereon in its next BUR. The TTE noted that the

Party clarifying the challenges faced in reporting information on quantitative goals and


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progress indicators in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information

reported.

50. Papua New Guinea reported the objectives of the mitigation actions in all sectors, but

details on the methodologies used for estimating the results, underlying assumptions, steps

envisaged for implementation and results expected from the implementation of these actions

in the LULUCF, agriculture, transport, IPPU and waste sectors were not provided in the BUR.

For the energy sector, information on the methodology for estimating the results achieved

was provided for the mitigation actions reported in table 3.1 of the BUR but not for those

reported in chapter 3, and information on the steps taken or envisaged to implement them, on

progress of implementation and on the results achieved or anticipated from the

implementation of most of these mitigation actions was not reported. During the technical

analysis, the Party clarified that, given that the mitigation actions reported in textual format

are mainly policies and strategies, it faced challenges in reporting on the associated

methodologies and assumptions, as well as on the steps envisaged to implement them and

their anticipated results, owing to inactive institutional arrangements between the

coordinating agency (CCDA) and the private sector implementing entities. The Party

reported its plan to restore and strengthen these institutional arrangements. Papua New

Guinea also reported that the amount of emissions being reduced or expected to be reduced

had not been quantified. The TTE noted that the Party clarifying the challenges faced in

reporting information on mitigation actions in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding

of the information reported.

51. The mitigation actions in the energy sector relate mainly to promoting renewable

energy generation (from geothermal, biomass, waste, wind, solar, hydro and ocean sources).

In addition, Papua New Guinea is planning to implement a mitigation action with the aim of

facilitating energy efficiency (including through minimum energy performance standards and

labelling for equipment and reducing emissions from the oil and gas sector).

52. The mitigation actions for the LULUCF sector, which are set out in the NRS, are

mainly in the areas of strengthening land-use and development planning at the national and

subnational level; strengthening environmental management, protection and enforcement;

and enhancing economic productivity and sustainable livelihoods.

53. For the agriculture sector, the reported mitigation actions are aimed at improving

agricultural practices and protecting agricultural land from urban and suburban encroachment.

Papua New Guinea reported that these actions had yet to be implemented.

54. The mitigation actions in the transport sector are included in the NCCDMP and the

National Transport Strategy and relate mainly to promoting clean fuel technologies and

standards by establishing low-carbon fuel standards, regulating GHG emissions from

vehicles and providing economic incentives for fuel-efficient vehicles. Papua New Guinea

reported that these actions had yet to be implemented.

55. For the IPPU sector, the mitigation actions relate mainly to developing eco-industrial

parks and phasing out HFCs by 2050, as the country has signed the Kigali Amendment to the

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The progress of

implementation of the mitigation action for developing eco-industrial parks was not clearly

reported in the BUR. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that the

action had not yet been implemented. The TTE noted that the Party reporting information on

the progress of implementation of the mitigation actions in the IPPU sector in the BUR could

facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

56. For the waste sector, the mitigation actions are mainly in domestic solid waste

management, including rehabilitating open-pit dumps, improving the waste collection system

and developing a solid waste management master plan. Papua New Guinea reported that one

of its waste mitigation measures had been implemented in Port Moresby and the same

approach is planned for implementing the measure in other urban centres.

57. Papua New Guinea reported that it will be participating voluntarily in the Carbon

Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, but did not provide information

on its involvement in international market mechanisms as a Party to the Kyoto Protocol. The

Party did not clearly report whether it plans to participate in international market mechanisms


12

in the future. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that the first three

mitigation actions (all related to generating renewable energy) in table 3.1 of the BUR

(geothermal power project, Kumbango POME methane capture project, and Mosa POME

methane capture project) are CDM projects. However, the geothermal power project is no

longer receiving certified emission reductions, and there is uncertainty as to whether the two

methane capture projects are receiving them. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified

that it faced challenges in reporting information on the CDM projects owing to inactive

institutional arrangements between the coordinating agency (CCDA) and the implementing

entities. It also clarified that it plans to participate in international market mechanisms under

REDD+ and probably also in other sectors. The TTE noted that the Party including clear

information on its CDM projects and plans to participate in international market mechanisms

in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

58. Papua New Guinea reported information on its domestic MRV arrangements in

accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 13. The information reported

indicates that Papua New Guinea has in place a domestic MRV system for REDD+. The

Party reported that its MRV system for REDD+ was developed under its Climate Change

Development Strategy in three phases: readiness, implementation (supported by transitional

funding) and payments (for verified performance). An institutional framework, with

responsibilities defined for the nine national institutions involved, has been established for

the MRV system. The system has three pillars: a satellite land monitoring system, a

multipurpose national forest inventory for assessing carbon stocks and carbon stock changes,

and a national GHG inventory. Papua New Guinea included in the BUR a description of the

methodologies, monitoring protocols, approach and mechanisms for conducting domestic

REDD+ verification. The TTE commends the Party for its efforts to include detailed

information on the domestic MRV system for REDD+ in its BUR. Papua New Guinea

reported that the MRV system will be expanded in the future to cover the mitigation actions

under all of its national and sectoral policies and strategies. However, the timeline and steps

envisaged for this expansion were not clearly reported in the BUR. During the technical

analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that it plans to work on providing this information as

part of preparing its second BUR.

59. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on mitigation actions

and their effects could be further enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 47,

49, 50, 55 and 57 above.

4. Constraints and gaps, and related technology, financial, technical and capacity-

building needs, including a description of support needed and received

60. As indicated in table 3 in annex I, Papua New Guinea reported in its BUR, mostly in

accordance with paragraphs 14–16 of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs,

information on finance, technology and capacity-building needs and support received.

61. Papua New Guinea reported information on constraints and gaps, and related financial,

technical and capacity-building needs, in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III,

paragraph 14. In its BUR, Papua New Guinea identified data sensitivity and confidentiality,

limited budget for carrying out climate change activities, the geographical features of the

country and ineffective institutional arrangements as constraints. The key gaps relate to data

(i.e. the unavailability of data from some data sources, as well as the inaccuracy and

inconsistency of the data that are available) and the absence of an established monitoring

system for climate change activities. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea

clarified that the constraints, gaps and capacity-building needs outlined in its BUR generally

relate to the GHG inventory, mitigation and adaptation, and that they hinder the preparation

of feasible and achievable policies and measures. These constraints and gaps need to be

addressed before policy issues can be addressed. The Party explained that it also faces

constraints and gaps in relation to education and awareness-raising. Moreover, it lacks

understanding of how to capture all of these issues in the BUR and of the requirements of the

UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs. The Party clarified that, owing to some confusion

between technical and technology needs, specific technical needs were not reported in the

BUR. The TTE noted that the Party providing information on the additional constraints, gaps


13

and needs explained during the technical analysis in the BUR could facilitate a better

understanding of the information reported.

62. Papua New Guinea reported information on financial resources, technology transfer,

capacity-building and technical support received in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex

III, paragraph 15. In its BUR, the Party reported that it received financial support for

adaptation, REDD+ and mitigation, and MRV. The Party also reported that it received

financial support from various governments and organizations (e.g. Australia, European

Union, Germany, Japan, Japan International Cooperation Agency, United Nations and United

States Agency for International Development). The Party further reported that it received

USD 832,000 from the GEF, which included an allocation for both its first BUR and its NC3.

From the GEF it also received USD 210,000 for the preparation of its intended nationally

determined contribution and USD 3,140,640 to facilitate renewable energy and energy

efficiency applications for achieving GHG emission reductions. It was not clear to the TTE

whether the Party received other financial support. During the technical analysis, Papua New

Guinea clarified that financial support was received from the GEF and that these funds are

managed by UNEP in accordance with the workplan agreed by the Party and UNEP, while

CCDA (the national designated entity) implements the activities. The Party added that

financial support was also received from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations, mainly for GHG inventory preparation for the agriculture, forestry and other land-

use sector.

63. During the technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that it faced challenges in

estimating its financial needs owing to lack of capacity (knowledge). The Party explained

that it has high-priority issues that need to be immediately addressed with technical and

financial support; however, it did not identify the high-priority issues in the BUR. The TTE

noted that the Party identifying and prioritizing its financial needs in the BUR could facilitate

a better understanding of the information reported.

64. Papua New Guinea did not report information on nationally determined technology

needs and technology support received with regard to the development and transfer of

technology in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 16. During the

technical analysis, Papua New Guinea clarified that it faced challenges in reporting this

information; namely, that it was uncertain about what information to report. The TTE noted

that the Party clarifying the challenges it faced in reporting information on technology

transfer in the BUR could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported.

65. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on needs and support

received could be enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 61, 63 and 64 above.

5. Any other information

66. Papua New Guinea provided an update on its participation in the REDD+ safeguards

and safeguards information system. The Party established a multi-stakeholder technical

working committee on social and environmental safeguards to serve as the primary platform

for engaging stakeholders in its country approach to safeguards. It reported in its BUR that it

will undertake an analysis of the benefits and risks in relation to the REDD+ (Cancun)

safeguards on the basis of the elaboration of specific policies and measures that will be

identified through the development of its REDD+ finance and investment plan. The Party has

plans, through its country approach, to work towards meeting safeguard requirements for all

applicable REDD+ financing, such as results-based payments under the Green Climate Fund.

D. Identification of capacity-building needs

67. In consultation with Papua New Guinea, the TTE identified the following needs for

capacity-building that could facilitate the preparation of subsequent BURs and participation

in ICA:

(a) For GHG inventory preparation, build or enhance national capacity to:

(i) Use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, with a focus on data collection and archiving

and using notation keys; use the IPCC inventory software; understand and use the


14

UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs; use IPCC methodologies to conduct QA/QC

procedures and uncertainty assessment; and use the methodology for calculating

emissions from settlements remaining settlements;

(ii) Estimate emissions of NOX, CO, NMVOCs and SOX, and collect and compile

associated AD;

(iii) Disaggregate the AD for the transport sector by the different subcategories,

disaggregate the reporting on domestic and international bunkers, and report

emissions by fuel type;

(b) For mitigation actions and their effects, enhance national capacity to:

(i) Report mitigation actions in the BUR in tabular format, with a focus on

reporting policies and strategies;

(ii) Understand and apply the provisions in the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on

BURs, particularly those in paragraph 12(a–d), including reporting on quantitative

goals, progress indicators, GHGs covered, steps taken and envisaged, and progress of

implementation for the mitigation actions in all sectors, as well as for policies and

strategies;

(iii) Report on methodologies and assumptions used for mitigation actions,

including policies and strategies, with a focus on the agriculture sector;

(iv) Develop methods for quantifying the potential for emission limitation or

reduction before measures are implemented (ex ante) to facilitate the monitoring of

progress and the assessment of their results (ex post), and methods for identifying the

co-benefits of programmes and projects;

(v) Develop mitigation actions and assess them (by stakeholders in the agriculture,

energy, transport and IPPU sectors);

(vi) Expand the expert and knowledge base for conducting mitigation analysis in

all sectors;

(vii) Design monitoring plans for mitigation actions in all sectors;

(viii) Implement energy efficiency measures (by national stakeholders);

(ix) Develop a baseline study of energy efficiency potential, followed by the

development of potential feasibility studies and action plans;

(x) Establish a collaborative framework, involving the institutions (including the

private sector) implementing mitigation-related programmes and projects, for

facilitating access to information on progress;

(xi) Link national REDD+ strategy activities with the mitigation actions reported

in the REDD+ technical annex to the BUR;

(xii) Build the institutional capacity of the designated national authority to

document and report actual and planned participation in international market

mechanisms such as the CDM and other voluntary market mechanisms;

(xiii) Build on the domestic MRV system for REDD+ and integrate a robust MRV

system for mitigation actions in other sectors, as well as an MRV system for support

needed and received;

(c) For reporting constraints and gaps, and related technology, financial, technical

and capacity-building needs, including describing support needed and received, enhance

national capacity to:

(i) Correctly interpret the provisions in the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on

BURs on needs and support received;

(ii) Report information on education and awareness-raising needs;

(iii) Identify and prioritize financial and technical capacity-building needs;

(iv) Conduct a technology needs assessment.


15

68. The TTE noted that, in addition to those identified during the technical analysis, Papua

New Guinea reported several capacity-building needs in table 5.1 of its BUR, covering the

following areas:

(a) GHG inventory preparation, including improving knowledge and skills related

to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, data archiving and management, conducting sector-specific

training, the software used for inventory preparation, initiatives under technology transfer,

and uncertainty analysis;

(b) Mitigation actions, including improving knowledge and skills in relation to

analysis of actions, initiatives under technology transfer, and QA/QC procedures;

(c) Climate change adaptation, including improving knowledge and skills in

relation to vulnerability assessment, climate-induced hazard modelling, and monitoring and

evaluation.

III. Conclusions

69. The TTE conducted a technical analysis of the information reported in the first BUR

of Papua New Guinea in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs. The

TTE concludes that the reported information is partially consistent with the UNFCCC

reporting guidelines on BURs and provides an overview of national circumstances and

institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of NCs and BURs on a continuous basis;

the national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by sinks of all

GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, including a national inventory report;

mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions;

constraints and gaps and related financial, technical and capacity-building needs, including a

description of support needed and received; the level of support received to enable the

preparation and submission of BURs; and domestic MRV for REDD+. During the technical

analysis, additional information was provided by Papua New Guinea on all of those areas.

The TTE concluded that the information analysed is partially transparent.

70. Papua New Guinea reported information on the institutional arrangements relevant to

the preparation of its BURs. The description covers key aspects of the institutional

arrangements, such as CCDA (the designated national authority). The Party reported on the

domestic MRV system in place for REDD+ and its proposed overall domestic MRV system.

It also reported that it has taken significant steps to create institutional arrangements that

allow for the sustainable preparation of its BURs, including organizational improvements

and knowledge-sharing procedures to facilitate sectoral information transfer.

71. In its first BUR, submitted in 2019, Papua New Guinea reported information on its

national GHG inventory for 2000–2015. This included GHG emissions and removals of CO2,

CH4 and N2O for most relevant sources and sinks. Estimates of the precursor gases and

fluorinated gases were not provided owing to difficulties in obtaining the necessary data and

other reasons, as clarified by the Party during the technical analysis. Notation keys were not

always clearly reported. The inventory was developed on the basis of the 2006 IPCC

Guidelines and Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. The total GHG emissions for 2015 were

reported as 13,477 CO2 eq (excluding LULUCF) and 15,193 CO2 eq (including LULUCF).

Thirteen key categories without LULUCF were identified (twelve including LULUCF), with

CO2 and energy industries identified as the main gas and key category, respectively.

72. Papua New Guinea reported information on mitigation actions and their effects,

including both its long-term policies (e.g. Vision 2050, the Development Strategic Plan

2010–2030 and the National Strategy for Responsible Sustainable Development) and its

short-term policies (e.g. the NCCDMP). The Party reported actions that are planned, ongoing

or completed within several sectors, including LULUCF, waste, energy, IPPU, transport and

agriculture. The key mitigation actions are mainly in the form of policies and strategies,

including the NRS, improving agricultural practices, protecting agricultural land from urban

and suburban encroachment, and a renewable energy plan for electricity generation. The

country’s vision is to achieve carbon neutrality. Mitigation of LULUCF emissions is one of

the main actions highlighted in the NCCDMP and the NRS. Papua New Guinea has in place


16

a domestic MRV system for REDD+, and it plans to expand this system to cover the

mitigation actions that are outlined in all of the national and sectoral policies and strategies.

73. Papua New Guinea reported information on key constraints, gaps and related needs.

During the technical analysis, the Party provided additional information on key challenges

and needs, such as designing and implementing a systematic methodology for identifying

constraints, gaps and needs and translating the identified needs into financial, technical,

technological and capacity-building needs. Information on support received and needed was

reported.

74. The TTE, in consultation with Papua New Guinea, identified the 21 capacity-building

needs listed in chapter II.D above that aim to facilitate reporting in accordance with the

UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs and participation in ICA in accordance with the ICA

modalities and guidelines, taking into account Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention. The

Party prioritized all of those capacity-building needs.


17

Annex I

Extent of the information reported by Papua New Guinea in its first biennial update report

Table 1

Identification of the extent to which the elements of information on greenhouse gases are included in the

first biennial update report of Papua New Guinea

Decision Provision of the reporting guidelines Yes/partly/no/NA Comments on the extent of the information provided

Decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(g)

The first BUR shall cover, at a minimum, the inventory for the calendar year no more than four years prior to the date of the submission, or more recent years if information is available, and subsequent BURs shall cover a calendar year that does not precede the submission date by more than four years.

Yes Papua New Guinea submitted its first BUR in April 2019; the GHG inventories reported are for 2000–2015.

Decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 4

Non-Annex I Parties should use the methodologies established in the latest UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of NCs from non-Annex I Parties approved by the Conference of the Parties or those determined by any future decision of the Conference of the Parties on this matter.

Yes The Party used a combination of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.


The updates of the section on national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol should contain updated data on activity levels based on the best information available using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC good practice guidance and the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF; any change to the EF may be made in the subsequent full NC.

Yes


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to include, as appropriate and to the extent that capacities permit, in the inventory section of the BUR:

(a) The tables included in annex 3A.2 to the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF;

Partly

The Party’s first BUR includes a summary table containing subcategory totals only.

(b) The sectoral report tables annexed to the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

Yes Comparable information was reported.


Each non-Annex I Party is encouraged to provide a consistent time series back to the years reported in its previous NCs.

Partly The time series reported in the BUR covers 2000–2015 but does not include 1994, which was reported in the Party’s NC1.


Non-Annex I Parties that have previously reported on their national GHG inventories contained in their NCs are encouraged to submit summary information tables of inventories for previous submission years (e.g. for 1994 and 2000).

Partly This information was reported for 2000–2015 (in the NC2, emissions for 2000 were reported); however, such information was not reported for 1994–2000 (in the NC1, emissions for 1994 were reported).


The inventory section of the BUR should consist of a national inventory report as a summary or as an update of the information contained in


18


decision 17/CP.8, annex, chapter III (National greenhouse gas inventories), including:

(a) Table 1 (National greenhouse gas inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol and greenhouse gas precursors);

Yes Comparable information was reported in table 2.4 of the BUR.

(b) Table 2 (National greenhouse gas inventory of anthropogenic emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6).

No


Additional or supporting information, including sector-specific information, may be supplied in a technical annex.

Yes The Party submitted a REDD+ technical annex to its first BUR.

Decision 17/CP.8, annex, paragraph 12

Non-Annex I Parties are also encouraged, to the extent possible, to undertake any key source analysis as indicated in the IPCC good practice guidance to assist in developing inventories that better reflect their national circumstances.

Yes


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to describe procedures and arrangements undertaken to collect and archive data for the preparation of national GHG inventories, as well as efforts to make this a continuous process, including information on the role of the institutions involved.

Partly

Information on data collection procedures was reported but not on the arrangements for archiving data.


Each non-Annex I Party shall, as appropriate and to the extent possible, provide in its national inventory, on a gas-by-gas basis and in units of mass, estimates of anthropogenic emissions of:

(a) CO2; Yes

(b) CH4; Yes

(c) N2O. Yes


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged, as appropriate, to provide information on anthropogenic emissions by sources of:

(a) HFCs; No

(b) PFCs; No

(c) SF6. No


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged, as appropriate, to report on anthropogenic emissions by sources of other GHGs, such as:

(a) CO; No

(b) NOX; No

(c) NMVOCs. No


Other gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, such as SOX, and included in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines may be included at the discretion of Parties.

No The Party did not report on other gases, such as SOX.


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged, to the extent possible, and if disaggregated data are available, to estimate and report CO2 fuel combustion emissions using both the sectoral and the reference approach and to explain any large differences between the two approaches.

Yes


19



Non-Annex I Parties should, to the extent possible, and if disaggregated data are available, report emissions from international aviation and marine bunker fuels separately in their inventories:

(a) International aviation; Partly

Estimates of emissions from international aviation were reported as an aggregate value owing to lack of data.

(b) Marine bunker fuels. Partly

Estimates of emissions from marine bunkers were reported as an aggregate value.


Non-Annex I Parties wishing to report on aggregated GHG emissions and removals expressed in CO2 eq should use the GWP provided by the IPCC in its Second Assessment Report based on the effects of GHGs over a 100-year time-horizon.

Yes The Party used the GWP provided in the IPCC Second Assessment Report.


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on methodologies used in the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, including a brief explanation of the sources of EFs and AD. If non-Annex I Parties estimate anthropogenic emissions and removals from country-specific sources and/or sinks that are not part of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, they should explicitly describe the source and/or sink categories, methodologies, EFs and AD used in their estimation of emissions, as appropriate. Parties are encouraged to identify areas where data may be further improved in future communications through capacity-building:

(a) Information on methodologies used in the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;

Yes

(b) Explanation of the sources of EFs; Yes

(c) Explanation of the sources of AD; Yes

(d) If non-Annex I Parties estimate anthropogenic emissions and removals from country-specific sources and/or sinks that are not part of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, they should explicitly describe:

NA

(i) Source and/or sink categories;

(ii) Methodologies;

(iii) EFs;

(iv) AD;

(e) Parties are encouraged to identify areas where data may be further improved in future communications through capacity-building.

Yes


Each non-Annex I Party is encouraged to use tables 1 and 2 of the guidelines annexed to decision 17/CP.8 in reporting its national GHG inventory, taking into account the provisions established in paragraphs 14–17. In preparing those tables, Parties should strive to present information that is as complete as possible.

Partly Notation keys were used. For certain categories, the Party reported “0” instead of the appropriate notation key.


20


Where numerical data are not provided, Parties should use the notation keys as indicated.


Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on the level of uncertainty associated with inventory data and their underlying assumptions, and to describe the methodologies used, if any, for estimating these uncertainties:

(a) Level of uncertainty associated with inventory data;

No

(b) Underlying assumptions; No

(c) Methodologies used, if any, for estimating these uncertainties.

No

Note: The parts of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs on reporting information on GHG emissions by sources and

removals by sinks in BURs are contained in decision 2/CP.17, paras. 3–10 and 41(g). Further, as per para. 3 of those guidelines, non-

Annex I Parties are to submit updates of their national GHG inventories in accordance with paras. 8–24 of the UNFCCC guidelines

for the preparation of NCs from non-Annex I Parties, contained in the annex to decision 17/CP.8. The scope of such updates should

be consistent with the non-Annex I Party’s capacity and time constraints and the availability of its data, as well as the level of support

provided by developed country Parties for biennial update reporting.

Table 2

Identification of the extent to which the elements of information on mitigation actions are included in the

first biennial update report of Papua New Guinea

Decision Provision of the reporting guidelines

Yes/partly

/no

Comments on the extent of the information

provided


Non-Annex I Parties should provide information, in tabular format, on actions to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

Yes


For each mitigation action or group of mitigation actions, including, as appropriate, those listed in document FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF.1, developing country Parties shall provide the following information, to the extent possible:

(a) Name and description of the mitigation action, including information on the nature of the action, coverage (i.e. sectors and gases), quantitative goals and progress indicators;

Partly Information on quantitative goals and progress indicators for most of the mitigation actions reported in textual format for all sectors was not reported. For the mitigation actions reported in textual format, the GHGs covered were not reported.

(b) Information on:

(i) Methodologies; Partly

(ii) Assumptions; Partly Information on methodologies and assumptions was provided for some of the mitigation actions reported in tabular format, while it was not provided for any of the actions reported in textual format.

(c) Information on:

(i) Objectives of the action; Yes


21

Decision Provision of the reporting guidelines

Yes/partly

/no

Comments on the extent of the information

provided

(ii) Steps taken or envisaged to achieve that action;

No Information on steps taken or envisaged to implement the mitigation actions was not reported.

(d) Information on:

(i) Progress of implementation of the mitigation actions;

Partly The status of implementation of most of the mitigation actions was not reported.

(ii) Progress of implementation of the underlying steps taken or envisaged;

No

(iii) Results achieved, such as estimated outcomes (metrics depending on type of action) and estimated emission reductions, to the extent possible;

Partly Information on results achieved was not reported for most of the mitigation actions.

(e) Information on international market mechanisms.

No


Parties should provide information on domestic MRV arrangements.

Yes

Note: The parts of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs on the reporting of information on mitigation actions in BURs are

contained in decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paras. 11–13.

Table 3

Identification of the extent to which the elements of information on finance, technology and capacity-building

needs and support received are included in the first biennial update report of Papua New Guinea

Decision Provision of the reporting requirements Yes/partly/no Comments on the extent of the information provided


Non-Annex I Parties should provide updated information on:

(a) Constraints and gaps; Yes Papua New Guinea included in its BUR a table listing constraints, gaps and capacity-building needs in relation to the GHG inventory, mitigation and adaptation.

(b) Related financial, technical and capacity-building needs.

Yes

Decision 2/CP.17, Non-Annex I Parties should provide:

annex III,

paragraph 15 (a) Information on financial resources received, technology transfer and capacity-building received;

Yes

(b) Information on technical support received from the GEF, Parties included in Annex II to the Convention and other developed country Parties, the Green Climate Fund and multilateral institutions for activities relating to climate change, including for the preparation of the current BUR.

Yes


With regard to the development and transfer of technology, non-Annex I Parties should provide information on:

(a) Nationally determined technology needs;

No

(b) Technology support received. Yes

Note: The parts of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs on the reporting of information on finance, technology and capacity-building needs and support received in BURs are contained in decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paras. 14–16.


22

Annex II

Documents and information used during the technical analysis

Reference documents

First BUR of Papua New Guinea. Available at http://unfccc.int/8722.php.

IPCC. 1997. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. JL

Houghton, LG Meira Filho, B Lim, et al. (eds.). Paris: IPCC/Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency. Available at

https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.html.

IPCC. 2000. Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories. J Penman, D Kruger, I Galbally, et al. (eds.). Hayama, Japan:

IPCC/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/International Energy

Agency/Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. Available at

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/.

IPCC. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. J

Penman, M Gytarsky, T Hiraishi, et al. (eds.). Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global

Environmental Strategies. Available at

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html.

IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. S Eggleston,

L Buendia, K Miwa, et al. (eds.). Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental

Strategies. Available at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl.

NC1 and NC2 of Papua New Guinea. Available at

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php.