175

REFERENCES

1. Abida, O., Kolar, M., Jirkovskyc, J. and Mailhota, G. “Degradation of

4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution photoinduced by Fe(III)–citratecomplex”, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., Vol.11, pp. 794-802, 2012.

2. Addamo, M., Bellardita, M., Carriazo, D., Paola, A.D., Milioto, S.,

Palmisano, L.and Rives, V. “Inorganic gels as precursors of TiO2

photocatalysts prepared by low temperature microwave or thermal

treatment”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 84, pp. 742-748, 2008. .

3. Ahmed, S. and Ollis, D.F. “Solar photoassisted catalytic decomposition

of the chlorinated hydrocarbons trichloroethylene andtrichloromethane”, Solar Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 597-601, 1984.

4. Akpan, U.G. and Hameed, B.H. “Parameters affecting the

photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A

review”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 170, pp. 520-529, 2009.

5. Al-Ekabi, H. and Serpone, N. “Kinetic studies in heterogeneous

photocatalysis. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated phenols in

aerated aqueous solutions over TiO2 supported on a glass matrix”,J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 92, pp. 5726-5731, 1988.

6. Alivisatos, A.P. “Perspectives on the physical chemistry of

semiconductor nanocrystals”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 100,pp. 13226-13239, 1996.

7. Anandan, S., Vinu, A., Mori, T., Gokulakrishnan, N., Srinivasu, P.,

Murugesan, V. and Ariga, K. “Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-

trichlorophenol using lanthanum doped ZnO aqueous suspension”,Catal. Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 1377-1382, 2007.

8. Anandan, S., Vinu, A., Venkatachalam, K., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Photocatalytic activity of ZnO impregnated H and

mechanical mix of ZnO/H in the degradation of monocrotophos in

aqueous solution”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol. 256, pp. 312-320,2006.

176

9. Angelis, F.D., Fantacci, S., Selloni, A., Nazeeruddin, M.K. and Gratzel,

M. “Time-dependent density functional theory investigations on the

excited states of Ru(II)-Dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles: The role of

sensitizer protonation”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 129, pp. 14156-14157,2007.

10. Anpo, M. and Takeuchi, M. “The design and development of highly

reactive titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light

irradiation”, J. Catal., Vol. 216, pp. 505–516,2003 .

11. Anpo, M. and Yamashitra, H. “Heterogenous Catalysis”, Schiavello M.(Eds), Wiley, London, 2007.

12. Antonelli, D.M. and Ying, J.Y. “Synthesis of hexagonally packed

mesoporous TiO2 by a modified sol-gel method”, Angew. Chem. Int.Ed., Vol. 34, pp. 2014-2017, 1995.

13. Arakawa, H. and Sayama, K. “Solar hydrogen production. Significant

effect of Na2CO3 addition on water splitting using simple oxide

semiconductor photocatalysts”, Catal. Surv. Jpn., Vol. 4, pp. 75-80,2000.

14. Arana, J., D az, O.G., Saracho, M.M., Rodr guez, J.M.D., Melian,

J.A.H. and Pena, J.P. “Maleic acid photocatalytic degradation using Fe-

TiO2 catalysts: Dependence of the degradation mechanism on the Fecatalysts content”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 36, pp. 113, 2002.

15. Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, A. and Taga, Y. “Visible-

light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides”, Science, Vol.

293, pp. 269-271, 2001.

16. Assabane, A., Ichou, Y.A., Tahiri, H., Guillard, C. and Herrmann, J.M.

“Photocatalytic degradation of polycarboxylic benzoic acids in

UV-irradiated aqueous suspensions of titania: Identification of

intermediates and reaction pathway of the photomineralization of

trimellitic acid (1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid)”, Appl. Catal. B:Environ., Vol. 24, pp. 71-87, 2000.

17. Bard, A.J., Parsons, R. and Jordan, R. “In standard potentials in aqueoussolution, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985.

177

18. Barrett, E.P., Joyner, L.G. and Halend, P.P. “The determination of pore

volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computation

from nitrogen isotherms”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 73, pp. 373-380,1951.

19. Beche, E., Charvin, P., Perarnau, D., Abanades S. and Flamant, G. “Ce

3d XPS investigation of cerium oxides and mixed cerium oxide(CexTiyOz)”, Surf. Interface Anal., Vol. 40, pp. 264-267, 2008.

20. Beltran, F., Acedo, B. and Rivas, J. “Use of ozone to remove alachlor

from surface water”, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol. 62,pp. 324-329, 1999.

21. Belver, C., Lopez-Munoz, M.J., Coronado, J.M. and Soria, J.

“Palladium enhanced resistance to deactivation of titanium dioxide

during the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene vapors”, Appl. Catal. B:

Environ., Vol. 46, pp. 497-509, 2003.

22. Berger, T., Villarreal, T.L., Satoca, D.M. and Gomez, R. “Charge

transfer reductive doping of nanostructured TiO2 thin films as a way to

improve their photoelectrocatalytic performance”, Electrochem.

Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 1713–1718, 2006.

23. Bessekhouad, Y., Robert, D. and Weber, J.V. “Synthesis of

photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles: Optimisation of the preparation

conditions”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 157, pp. 47-53,2003.

24. Beydilli, M.I., Pavlostathis, S.G. and Tincher, W.C. “Biological

decolorization of the azo dye reactive red 2 under various oxidation-reduction conditions”, Water Environ. Res., Vol. 72, pp. 698-705, 2000.

25. Bhargaba, G., Gouzman, I., Chun, C.M., Ramanarayanan, T.A. and

Bernasek, S.L. “Characterization of the native surface thin film on pure

polycrystalline iron: A high resolution XPS and TEM study”, Appl.

Surf. Sci., Vol. 253, pp. 4322 4329, 2007.

26. Bhatkhande, D.S., Pangarkar, V.G. and Beenackers, A.C.M

“Photocatalytic degradation for environmental applications-a review”,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol. 77, pp. 102-116, 2001.

178

27. Bian, Z., Zhu, J., Wang, S., Cao, Y., Qian, X. and Li, H. “Self-assembly

of active Bi2O3/TiO2, visible photocatalyst with ordered mesoporous

structure and highly crystallized anatase”, J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 112,pp. 6258-6262, 2008.

28. Blin, J.L., Leonard, A., Yuan, Z.Y., Gigot, L., Vantomme, A.,

Cheetham, A.K. and Su, B.L. ‘Hierarchically mesoporous/macroporous

metal oxides templated from polyethylene oxide surfactant assemblies’,

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Vol. 42, pp. 2872-2875, 2003.

29. Bragg, W.H. and Bragg, W.L., “The crystalline state”, Vol. 1,McMillan, New York, 1949.

30. Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H. and Teller, E. “Adsorption of gases inmultimolecular layers”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 60, pp. 309-319, 1938.

31. Burda, C., Chen, X., Narayanan, R. and El Sayed, M.A. “Chemistry and

properties of nanocrystals of different shapes”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 105,

pp. 1025-1102, 2005.

32. Cao, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, W., Du, H., Bai, Y., Li, T. and Yao, J. “A

bicomponent TiO2/SnO2 particulate film for photocatalysis”, Chem.Mater., Vol. 12, pp. 3445-3448, 2000.

33. Charizopoulos, E. and Papadopoulou Mourkidou, E. “Occurrence of

pesticides in rain of the axios river basin, Greece”, Environ. Sci.

Technol., Vol. 33, pp. 2363-2368, 1999.

34. Chemseddine, A. and Moritz, T. “Nanostructuring titania: Control over

nanocrystal structure, size, shape, and organization”, Eur. J. Inorg.Chem., Vol. 1999, pp. 235-245, 1999.

35. Chen, D. and Ray, A. K. “Photocatalytic kinetics of phenol and its

derivatives over UV irradiated TiO2”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 23,

pp. 143-147, 1999.

36. Chen, D. and Ray, A.K. “Photodegradation kinetics of 4-nitrophenol inTiO2 suspension”, Water Res., Vol. 32, pp. 3223-3234, 1998.

37. Chen, J., Eberlein, L. and Langford, C.H. “Pathways of phenol and

benzene photooxidation using TiO2 supported on a zeolite”,

J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 148, pp. 183-189, 2002.

179

38. Chen, L.C., Huang, C.M., Gao, C.S., Wang, G.W. and Hsiao, M.C.

“A comparative study of the effects of In2O3 and SnO2 modification on

the photocatalytic activity and characteristics of TiO2”, Chem. Eng. J.,Vol. 175, pp. 49-55, 2011.

39. Chen, S., Zhao, W., Liu, W and Zhang, S. “Preparation,

characterization and activity evaluation of p–n junction photocatalystp-ZnO/n-TiO2”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 255, pp. 2478-2484, 2008.

40. Chen, X. and Mao, S.S. “Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: Synthesis,

properties, modifications and applications”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 107,pp. 2891-2959, 2007.

41. Cho, M., Chung, H., Choi, W. and Yoon, J. “Linear correlation between

inactivation of E. coli and OH radical concentration in TiO2

photocatalytic disinfection”, Water Res., Vol. 38, pp. 1069-1077, 2004.

42. Choi, W. “Pure and modified TiO2 photocatalysts and their

environmental applications”, Catal. Surv. Asia. Vol. 10, pp. 16–28,2006.

43. Choi, W., Termin, A. and Hoffmann, M.R. “The role of metal ion

dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: Correlation between photoreactivity

and charge carrier recombination dynamics”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 98,

pp. 13669-13679, 1994.

44. Chun Yu, B.C., Kapusta, S. and Hackerman, N. “Photogeneration of

hydrogen and sulfur on polypyrrole/RuO2 modified silicon powder”,J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 133, pp. 934-935, 1986.

45. Colborn, T.D., Dumanoski, S. and Meyers, J.P. “Our stolen future”,

Penguin Books, New York, 1996.

46. Coleman, H.M., Eggins, B.R., Byme, J.A., Palmer, F.L. and King, E.

“Photocatalytic degradation of 17- -oestradiol on immobilised TiO2”,Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 24, pp. L1-L5, 2000.

47. Corma, A. “From microporous to mesoporous molecular sieve materialsand their use in catalysis”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 97, pp. 2373-2420, 1997.

180

48. Crepaldi, E.L., Soler-Illia, G.J., De, A.A., Grosso, D., Cagnol, F., Ribot,

F.and Sanchez, C. “Controlled formation of highly organized

mesoporous titania thin films: From mesostructured hybrids to

mesoporous nano anatase TiO2”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 125,pp. 9770-9786, 2003.

49. Cui, Y., Huang, J., Fu, X. and Wang, X. “Metal-free photocatalytic

degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water by mesoporous carbon nitride

semiconductors”, Catal. Sci. Technol., Vol. 2, 1396–1402, 2012.

50. Davis, M. E. “Ordered porous materials for emerging applications”,Nature, Vol. 417, pp. 813-821, 2002.

51. Dawson, A. and Kamat, P.V. “Semiconductor metal nanocomposites.

Photoinduced fusion and photocatalysis of gold - capped TiO2

(TiO2/gold) nanoparticles”, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 105, pp. 960-966,

2001.

52. Diwald, O., Thompson, T.L., Goralski, Ed.G., Walck, S.D. and Yates

Jr., J.T. “The Effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the photoactivity of

TiO2 rutile single crystals”, J. Phys. Chem., B, Vol. 108, pp. 52-57,

2004.

53. Dodds, E.C., Goldberg, L., Lawson, W. and Robinson, R. “Estrogenic

activity of certain synthetic compounds”, Nature, Vol. 141,pp. 247-248, 1938.

54. Fang, J., Wu, J., Lu, X., Shen, Y. and Lu, Z. “Sensitization of

nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode with quantum sized CdSe and ZnTCPc

molecules”, Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 270, pp. 145-151, 1997.

55. Fernandez, A., Lassaletta, G., Jimenez, V.M., Justo, A., Gonzalez Elipe,

A.R., Hermann, J.M., Tahiri, H. and Ait Ichon, Y. “Preparation and

characterisation of TiO2 photocatalysts supported on various rigid

supports (glass, quartz and stainless steel). Comparative studies of

photocatalytic activity in water purification”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ.,Vol. 7, pp. 49-63, 1995.

56. Finnegan, M.P., Zhang, H. and Banfield, J.F. “Phase stability and

transformation in titania nanoparticles in aqueous solutions dominatedby surface energy”, J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 111, pp. 1962-1968, 2007.

57. Forgas, E., Cserhati, T. and Oros, G. “Removal of synthetic dyes from

wastewater: A review”, Environ. Intl., Vol. 30, pp. 953-971, 2004.

181

58. Fox, M.A. and Dulay, M.T. “Heterogenous photocatalysis”, Chem.Rev., Vol. 93, pp. 341-357, 1993.

59. Francioso, L., Taurino, A.M., Forleo, A. and Siciliano, P. “TiO2

nanowires array fabrication and gas sensing properties”, Sens.Actuators B, Vol. 130, pp. 70-76, 2008.

60. Frank, A.J. and Gratzel, I.M. “Energy resources throughphotochemistry and catalysis”, Academic Press, New York, 1983.

61. Fry, D.M. “Reproductive effects in birds exposed to pesticides and

industrial chemicals”, Environ. Health Perspect., Vol. 103, pp. 165-171,

1995.

62. Fuerte, A., Hernandez-Alonso, M.D., Maria, A.J., Mart nez-Arias, A.,

Fernandez-Garc a, M., Conesa, J.C., Soria, J. and Munuera, J.C.

“Nanosize Ti–W mixed oxides: Effect of doping level in the

photocatalytic degradation of toluene using sunlight-type excitation”,

J. Catal., Vol. 212, pp. 1-9, 2002.

63. Fujishima, A. and Honda, K. “Electrochemical photolysis of water at asemiconductor electrode”, Nature, Vol. 238, pp. 37-38, 1972.

64. Fujishima, A. and Zhang, X.T. “Titanium dioxide photocatalysis:

Present situation and future approaches”, C.R. Chim., Vol. 9, pp. 750-760, 2006.

65. Fujishima, A., Cai, R.X., Otsuki, J., Hashimoto, K., Itoh, K.,

Yamashita, T. and Kubota, Y. “Biochemical application of

photoelectrochemistry: Photokilling of malignant cells with TiO2

powder”, Electrochem. Acta, Vol. 38, pp. 153-157, 1993.

66. Fukahori, S., Ichiura, H., Kitaoka, T. and Tanaka, H. “Capturing of

bisphenol-A photodecomposition intermediates by composite TiO2-

zeolite sheets”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 46, pp. 453-462, 2003.

67. Gabrieli, J., Cozzi, G., Vallelong, P., Schwikowski, M., Sigl, M.,

Eickenberg, J., Wacker, L., Boutron, C., Gäggeler, H., Cescon, P. and

Barbante, C. “Contamination of Alpine snow and ice at Colle Gnifetti,

Swiss/Italian Alps, from nuclear weapons tests”, Environ. Pollution,Vol. 45, pp. 587-593, 2011.

182

68. Galindo, F., Gomez, R. and Aguilar, M. “Photodegradation of the

herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on nanocrystalline TiO2-CeO2

sol–gel catalysts”, J. Mol. Catal. A; Chem., 281, 119-125 (2008).

69. Gaya, U.I. and Abdullaha, A.H. “Heterogeneous photocatalytic

degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide: A review of

fundamentals, progress and problems”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C:Photochem. Rev., Vol. 9, pp. 1-12, 2008.

70. Ghezzar, M.R., Abdelmalek, F., Belhadj, M., Benderdouche, N. and

Addou, A. “Enhancement of the bleaching and degradation of textile

waste waters by gliding arc discharge plasma in the presence of TiO2

catalyst”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 164, pp. 1266-1274 , 2009.

71. Grandcolas, M., Cottineau, T., Louvet, A., Keller, N. and Keller, V.

“Solar light-activated photocatalytic degradation of gas phase

diethylsulfide on WO3-modified TiO2 nanotubes”, Appl. Catal., B,Vol. 138-139, pp. 128-140, 2013.

72. Gratzel, M. “Heterogenous photochemical electron transfer”, Chapter 3CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1989.

73. Grizard, G., Ouchchane, L., Roddier, H., Artonne, C., Sion, B., Vasson,

M.P. and Janny, L. “In vitro alachlor effects on reactive oxygen species

generation, motility patterns and apoptosis markers in humanspermatozoa”, Reprod. Toxicol., Vol. 23, pp. 55-62, 2007.

74. Grosso, D., Soler-Illia, G.J.A.A., Babonneau, F., Sanchez, C., Albouy,

P.A., Bruneau, A.B. and Balkenende, A.R. “Highly organized

mesoporous titania thin films showing mono-oriented 2D hexagonalchannels”, Adv. Mater., Vol. 13, pp. 1085-1090, 2001.

75. Han, F., Kambala, V., Srinivasan, M., Rajarathnam, D. and Naidu, R.

“Tailored titanium dioxide photocatalysts for the degradation of organic

dyes in wastewater treatment: A Review”, Appl. Catal. A: General,

Vol. 359, pp. 25-40, 2009.

76. Handelsman, D.J. “Estrogens and falling sperm counts”, Reprod. Fertil.Develop., Vol. 13, pp. 317-324, 2001.

183

77. Hashimoto, K., Wasada, K., Osaki, M., Shono, E., Adachi, K., Toukai,

N., Kominami, H. and Kera, Y. “Photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen

oxide over titania-zeolite composite catalyst to remove nitrogen

oxides in the atmosphere”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 30,pp. 429-436, 2001.

78. He, X. and Antonelli, D. “Recent advances in synthesis and applications

of transition metal containing mesoporous molecular sieves”, Angew.

Chem., Int. Ed., Vol. 41, pp. 214-229, 2002.

79. Heijman, S.G.J., Van Paassen, A.M., Van der Meer, W.G.J. and

Hoffman, R. “Adsorptive removal of natural organic matter during

drinking water treatment”, Water Sci. Technol., Vol. 40, pp. 183-190,1999.

80. Herrmann, J.M., Matos, J., Disdier, J., Guillard, C., Laine, J., Malato, S.

and Balanco, H. “Solar photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol

using the synergistic effect between titania and activated carbon inaqueous suspension”, Catal. Today, Vol. 54, pp. 255-265, 1999.

81. Ho, W. and Yu, J.C. “Sonochemical synthesis and visible light

photocatalytic behavior of CdSe and CdSe/TiO2 nanoparticles”, J. Mol.Catal. A: Chem., Vol. 247, pp. 268-274, 2006.

82. Hoffmann, M.R., Martin, S.T., Choi, W. and Bahnemann, D.W.

“Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis”, Chem.Rev., Vol. 95, pp. 69-96, 1995.

83. Hou, Y., Li, X., Zhao, Q., Quan, X. and Chen, G. “Electrochemically

assisted photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by ZnFe2O4-

modified TiO2 nanotube array electrode under visible light irradiation”,Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 44, pp. 5098–5103, 2010.

84. Hu, C., Lan, Y.Q., Qu, J.H., Hu, X.X. and Wang, A.M. “Ag/AgBr/TiO2

visible light photocatalyst for destruction of azodyes and bacteria”,

J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 110, pp. 4066-4072, 2006.

85. Huang, Z., Maness, P.C., Blake, D.M., Wolfrum, E.J., Smolinski, S.L.

and Jacoby, W.A. “Bactericidal mode of titanium dioxide

photocatalysis”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 130,pp. 163-170, 2000.

184

86. Ihara, T., Miyoshi, M., Iriyama, Y., Matsumoto, O. and Sugihara, S.

“Visible light active titanium oxide photocatalyst realised by an oxygen

deficient structure and by nitrogen doping”, App. Catal. B: Environ.,Vol. 42, pp. 430-409, 2003.

87. Iqbal, J., Liu, X. F., Zhu, H. C., Pan, C. C., Zhang, Y., Yu D. and Yu,

R. H. “Trapping of Ce electrons in bandgap and room temperature

ferromagnetism of Ce4+

doped ZnO nanowires”, J. Appl. Phys.,

Vol. 106, pp. 83515-83520, 2009.

88. Irie, H. Watanabe, Y. and Hashimoto, K. “Carbon-doped anatase TiO2

powders as a visible-light sensitive photocatalyst”, Chem. Lett.,Vol. 32, pp. 772-773, 2003a.

89. Irie, H., Watanabe, Y. and Hashimoto, K. “Nitrogen concentration

dependence on photocatalytic activity of TiO2_xNx powders”, J. Phys.

Chem. B., Vol. 107, pp. 5483-5486, 2003.

90. Islam, A., Sugihara, H., Hara, K., Singh, L.K., Katoh, R., Yanagida, M.,

Takahashi, Y., Murata, S. and Arakawa, H. “Sensitization of

nanocrystalline TiO2 film by ruthenium(II) diimine dithiolate

complexes”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 145, pp. 135-141,2001.

91. Iuchi, K.I., Ohko, Y., Tatsuma, T. and Fujishima, A. “Cathode-

separated TiO2 photocatalysts applicable to a photochromic device

responsive to backside illumination”, Chem. Mater., Vol. 16,

pp. 1165-1167, 2004.

92. Jain, A. K., Gupta, V. K. and Jain, S. “Removal of chlorophenols using

industrial wastes”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, pp. 1195-1200,2004.

93. Janda, V. and Svecova, M. “By-products in drinking waterdisinfection”, Chem. Listy., Vol. 94, pp. 905–908, 2000.

94. Jiang, B., Zhang, S., Guo, X., Jin, B. and Tian, Y. “Preparation and

photocatalytic activity of CeO2/TiO2 interface composite film”, Appl.Surf. Sci., Vol. 255, pp. 5975-5978, 2009.

95. Jobling, S., Nolan, M., Tyler, C.R., Brighty, G. and Sumpter, J.P.

“Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish”, Environ. Sci. Technol.,Vol. 32, pp. 2498-2506, 1998.

185

96. Kalyanasundaram K. “Semiconductor particulate systems for

photocatalysis and photosynthesis: An overview”, in Michael Gratzel

(Ed.), Energy resources through photochemistry and catalysis,Academic Press, pp.217-260,1983.

97. Kamat, P.V. “Photochemistry on nonreactive and reactive(semiconductor) surfaces”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 93, pp. 267-300, 1993.

98. Kaneco, S., Rahman, M.R., Suzuki, T., Katsumata, H. and Ohta, K.

“Optimization of solar photocatalytic degradation conditions of

bisphenol-A in water using titanium dioxide”, J. Photochem. Photobiol.A: Chem., Vol. 163, pp. 419-424, 2004.

99. Kanga, M., Ko, Y., Jeon, M., Lee, S., Choung, S., Park, J., Kim, S. and

Choi, S.J. “Characterization of Bi/TiO2 nanometer sized particle

synthesized by solvothermal method and CH3CHO decomposition in a

plasma-photocatalytic system”,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, Vol. 173,pp. 128-136, 2005.

100. Karunakaran, C., Gomathisankar, P. and Manikandan, G. “Preparation

and characterization of antimicrobial Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles for

photocatalytic detoxification of cyanide”, Mater. Chem. Phys.,Vol. 123, pp. 585-594, 2010.

101. Katsumata, H., Kaneco, S., Suzuki, T., Ohta, K. and Yobiko, Y. “Photo-

Fenton degradation of alachlor in the presence of citrate solution”,J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, Vol. 180, pp. 38-45, 2006.

102. Kawaguchi, H. “Photocatalytic decomposition of phenol in the presence

of titanium dioxide”, Environ. Technol. Lett., Vol. 5, pp. 471-474,1984.

103. Keith, L.H. “Environmental endocrine disruptors”, A Handbook ofProperty Data, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1997.

104. Keith, L.H. “Environmental endocrine disruptors”, Pure Appl. Chem,

Vol. 70, pp. 2319-2326, 1998.

105. Keith, L.H. and Telliard, W.A. “ES & T special report: Priority

pollutants: I-a perspective view”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 13,pp.416-423, 1979.

186

106. Khan, S.U.M., Al-shahry, M. and Ingler Jr., W.B. “Efficient

photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2”,

Science, Vol. 297, pp. 2243-2244, 2002.

107. Khaselev, O. and Turner, J.A. “A monolithic photovoltaic-

photoelectrochemical device for hydrogen production via watersplitting”, Science, Vol. 280, pp. 425-427, 1998.

108. Kikuchi, Y., Sunada, K., Iyoda, T., Hashimoto, K. and Fujishima, A.

“Photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO2 thin films: Dynamic view of

the active oxygen species responsible for the effect”, J. Photochem.Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 106, pp. 51-56, 1997.

109. Kim, B., Kim, D., Cho, D. and Cho, S. “Bactericidal effect of

TiO2 photocatalyst on selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria”,Chemosphere, Vol. 52, pp. 277-281, 2003.

110. Kim, D.S. and Kwak, S.Y. “The hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous

TiO2 with high crystallinity, thermal stability, large surface area and

enhanced photocatalytic activity”, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol. 323, pp.110-118, 2007.

111. Kisch, H. “What is photocatalysis: Fundamentals and applications”,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp.1-8, 1989.

112. Kiurski, J., Maric, B., Adamovic, D., Mihailovic, A., Grujic, S., Oros, I.

and Krstic, J. “Register of hazardous materials in printing industry as a

tool for sustainable development management”, Renewable andSustainable Energy Rev., Vol. 16, pp. 660-667, 2012.

113. Koyuncu, I. “Direct filtration of Procion dye bath wastewaters by

nanofiltration membranes: flux and removal characteristics”, J. Chem.Tech. Biotechnol., Vol. 78, pp. 1219-1224, 2003.

114. Kruk, M., Jaroniec, M. and Sayari, A. “Application of large pore

MCM-41 molecular sieves to improve pore size analysis using nitrogenadsorption measurement”, Langmuir, Vol. 13, pp. 6267-6273, 1997.

115. Kruk, M., Jaroniec, M. and Sayari, A. “Surface heterogeneity analysis

of MCM-41 metallosilicates by using nitrogen adsorption data”,Langmuir, Vol. 15, pp. 5683-5688, 1999.

116. Kudo, A. “Photocatalyst materials for water splitting”, Catal. Surv.Asia, Vol. 7, pp. 31-38, 2003.

187

117. Kumaresan, L., Prabhu, A., Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V.

“Synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 in aqueous alcoholic medium and

evaluation of its photo catalytic activity”, Mater. Chem. Phys.,Vol. 126, pp. 445-452, 2011.

118. Kumaresan, L., Prabhu, A., Palanichamy, M., Arumugam, E. and

Murugesan, V. “Synthesis and characterization of Zr4+

, La3+

and Ce3+

doped mesoporous TiO2: Evaluation of their photocatalytic activity”,

J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 186, pp. 1183-1192, 2011a.

119. Kuo, Y. L., Lee, C., Chen, Y. S. and Liang, H. “Gadolinia-doped ceria

films deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering”, Solid StateIonics, Vol. 180, pp. 1421-1428, 2009.

120. Kusvuran, E., Samil, A., Atanur, O.M. and Erbatur, O. “Photocatalytic

degradation kinetics of di- and tri-substituted phenolic compounds in

aqueous solution by TiO2/UV”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 58,pp. 211-216, 2005.

121. Kutal, C. “Photochemistry of transition metal-organic systems”, Coord.Chem. Rev., Vol. 64, pp. 191-206, 1985.

122. Lachheb, H., Puzenat, E., Houas, A., Ksibi, M., Elaloui, E., Guillard, C.

and Herrmann, J.M. “Photocatalytic degradation of various types of

dyes (Alizarin S, Crocein Orange G, Methyl Red, Congo Red,

Methylene Blue) in water by UV-irradiated titania”, Appl. Catal. B:Environ., Vol. 39, pp. 75-90, 2002.

123. Lai, C.W. and Sreekantan, S. “Visible light photoelectrochemical

performance of W-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays: Structural properties”,J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, Vol. 12, pp. 3170-3174, 2012.

124. Lakshminarasimhan, N., Bae, E. and Choi, W. “Enhanced

photocatalytic production of H2 on mesoporous TiO2 prepared by

template-free method: Role of interparticle charge transfer”, J. Phys.

Chem. C, Vol. 111, pp. 15244-15250, 2007.

125. Larson, S.J., Gilliom, R.J. and Capel, P.D. “Pesticides in streams of the

United States initial results from the National Water Quality

Assessment Program, U.S. geo logical survey water-resources

investigations report 98-4222, U.S. Geological Survey: Sacramento,

California, 1999.

188

126. Legrini, O., Oliveros, E. and Braun, A.M. “Photochemical processes forwater treatment”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 93, pp. 671-698, 1993.

127. Li, F.B., Li, X.Z., Hou, M.F., Cheah, K.W. and Choy, W.C.H.

“Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ce3+

–TiO2 for

2-mercaptobenzothiazole degradation in aqueous suspension for odourcontrol”, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol. 285, pp. 181-189, 2005.

128. Li, G.S., Zhang, D. and Yu, J.C., “Thermally stable ordered

mesoporous CeO2/TiO2 visible-light photocatalysts”, Phys. Chem.

Chem. Phys., Vol. 11, pp. 3775-3782, 2009.

129. Li, H.X., Bian, Z.F., Zhu, J., Huo, Y.N., Li, H. and Lu, Y.F.

“Mesoporous Au/TiO2 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalyticactivity”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 129, pp. 4538-4539, 2007.

130. Li, X., Cubbage, J.W. and Jenks, W.S. “Variation in the chemistry of

the TiO2-mediated degradation of hydroxy- and methoxybenzenes:

Electron transfer and•OHads initiated chemistry”, J. Photochem.

Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 143, pp. 69-85, 2001.

131. Li, X., Cubbage, J.W., Tetzlaff, T.A. and Jenks, W.S. “Photocatalytic

degradation of 4-chlorophenol”, J. Org. Chem., Vol. 64, pp. 8509-8524,1999.

132. Li, Y., Hwang, D.S., Lee, N.H. and Kim, S.J. “Synthesis and

characterization of carbon-doped titania as an artificial solar lightsensitive photocatalyst”, Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 404, pp. 25-29, 2005.

133. Liakou, S., Zissi, U., Kornaros, M. and Lyberatos, G. “Combined

chemical and biological treatment of azo dye-containing wastewaters”,

Chem. Eng. Commun., Vol. 190, pp. 645-661, 2003.

134. Lin, C.F., Wu, C.H. and Onn, Z.N., “Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in

TiO2, WO3, SnO2, TiO2/WO3 and TiO2/SnO2 systems”, J. Hazard.Mater., Vol. 154, pp. 1033-1039, 2008.

135. Lindner, M., Bahnemann, D., Hirthe, B. and Griebtor, W. “Solar water

detoxification: Novel TiO2 powders as highly active photocatalysts”,

Solar Engg., Vol. 1, pp. 339-408, 1995.

136. Linsebigler, A.L., Lu, G. and Yates, J.T. “Photocatalysis on TiO2

surfaces: Principles, mechanisms and selected results”, Chem. Rev.,Vol. 95, pp. 735-758, 1995.

189

137. Liu, G., Yin, L.C., Wang, J., Niu, P., Zhen, C., Xie, Y. and Cheng,

H.M. “A red anatase TiO2 photocatalyst for solar energy conversion”,

Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 5, pp. 9603-9610, 2012.

138. Liu, H., Liang, Y., Hu, H. and Wang, M. “Hydrothermal synthesis of

mesostructured nanocrystalline TiO2 in an ionic liquid–water mixture

and its photocatalytic performance”, Solid State Sci., Vol. 11,pp. 1655-1660, 2009.

139. Liu, R.L.H., Chiu, H.M. and Yeh, R.Y.L. “Colloid interaction and

coagulation of dye wastewater with extra application of magnetites”,Int. J. Environ. Stud., Vol. 59, pp. 143-158, 2002.

140. Lopez, J.B., Martos, M., Ulldemolins, N., Odriozola, J.A., Cordoncillo,

E. and Escribano, P. “Self-assembling of Er2O3-TiO2 mixed oxide

nanoplatelets by a template-free solvothermal route”, Chem. Eur. J.,

Vol. 15, pp. 12426-12434, 2009.

141. Luo, L., Miao, L., Tanemura, S. and Tanemura, M. “Photocatalytic

sterilization of TiO2 films coated on Al fiber”, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, Vol.148, pp. 183-186, 2008.

143. Ma, T.Y., Cao, J.L., Shao, G.S., Zhang, X.J. and Yuan, Z.Y.

“Hierarchically structured squama-like cerium-doped titania: Synthesis,

photoactivity, and catalytic CO oxidation”, J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 113,pp. 16658-16667, 2009.

144. Magash, G., Viswanathan, B., Viswanath, R.P. and Varadarajan, T.K.

“Photocatalytic behavior of CeO2-TiO2 system for the degradation of

methylene blue”, Ind. J. Chem. Vol. 48A, pp. 480-488, 2009.

145. Mahalakshmi, M., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V.

“Preparation, characterisation and photocatalytic activity of Gd3+

doped

TiO2 nanoparticles”, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., Vol. 7, pp. 3277-3285,2007.

146. Mahalakshmi, M., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V.,

“Photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran using semiconductor oxides”,J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 143, pp. 240-245, 2007a.

147. Maillard Dupuy, C., Guillard, C., Courbon, H. and Pichat, P. “Kinetics

and products of the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of pyridine inwater”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 28, pp. 2176-2183, 1994.

190

148. Malato, S., Blanco, J., Richter, C., Milow, B. and Maldonado, M.I.

“Solar photocatalytic mineralization of commercial pesticides:

Methamidophos”, Chemosphere, Vol. 38, pp. 1145-1156, 1999.

149. Malato, S., Ibanez, F.P., Maldonado, M.I., Blanco, J. and Gernjak, W.

“Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis:Recent overview and trends”, Catal. Today, Vol. 147, pp. 1-59, 2009.

150. Malinowska, B., Walendziewski, J., Robert, D., Weber J.W. and

Stolarski, M. “The study of photocatalytic activities of titania and

titania–silica aerogels”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 46, pp. 441-451,2003.

151. Manera, M.G., Cozzoli, P.D., Leo, G., Curri, M.L., Agostiano, A.,

Vasanelli, L. and Rella, R. “Thin films of TiO2 nanocrystals with

controlled shape and surface coating for surface plasmon resonance

alcohol vapour sensing”, Sens. Actuators B, Vol. 126, pp. 562-572,2007.

152. Mantilla, A., Acatitla, G.J., Mendoza, G.M., Tzompantzi, F. and

Gomez, R. “Photoassisted degradation of 4-chlorophenol and p-cresol

using MgAl hydrotalcites”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 50,pp. 2762–2767, 2011.

153. Maruska, H.P. and Ghosh, A.K. “Photocatalytic decomposition of waterat semiconductor electrodes”, Sol. Energy, Vol. 20, pp. 443-458, 1978.

154. Matsunaga, T., Tomoda, R., Nakajima, T. and Wake, H.

“Photoelectrochemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor

powders”, FEMS. Microbiol. Lett., Vol. 29, pp. 211-214, 1985.

155. Matthews, R.W. “Photocatalysis in water purification: Possibilities,

problems and prospects”, in Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H. (Eds.),

Photocatalytic purification and treatment of water and air, ElsevierScience Publishers, pp.121-139, 1993.

156. Matthews, R.W. “Carbon dioxide formation from organic solutes in

aqueous suspensions of ultraviolet-irradiated TiO2”, Aus. J. Chem.,Vol. 40, pp. 667-675, 1987a.

157. Matthews, R.W. “Photooxidation of organic impurities in water using

thin films of titanium dioxide”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 91,pp. 3328-3333, 1987.

191

158. Matthews, R.W. “Photooxidative degradation of coloured organics in

water using supported catalysts. TiO2 on sand”, Water Res., Vol. 25,

pp. 1169-1176, 1991.

159. Mengyue, Z., Shifu, C. and Yaowu, T. “Photocatalytic degradation of

organophosphorus pesticides using thin films of TiO2”, J. Chem.Technol. Biotechnol., Vol. 64, pp. 339-344, 1995.

160. Metzler, M. and Pfeiffer, E. “Genotoxic potential of xenobiotic growth

promoters and their metabolites”, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand.,

Vol. 109, pp. 89-95, 2001.

161. Miller, J.R., Peeples, J.A., Schmitt, M.J. and Closs, G.L. “Long distance

fluorescence quenching by electron transfer in rigid solutions”, J. Am.Chem. Soc., Vol. 104, pp. 6488-6493, 1982.

162. Mills, A. and Davis, R. “The photomineralization of reactive

black 5, sensitized by TiO2: A study of the initial kinetics of dye

photobleaching in photocatalytic purification and treatment of waterand air”, Elsevier Science Publisher, BV, pp. 595-599, 1993.

163. Mishra, V.S., Mahajani, V.V. and Joshi, J.B. “Wet air oxidation”, Ind.Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 34, pp. 2-48, 1995.

164. Mitoraj, D. and Kisch, H. “The nature of nitrogen-modified titanium

dioxide photocatalysts active in visible light”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,

Vol. 47, pp. 9975-9978, 2008.

165. Miyauchi, M., Ikezawa, A., Tobimatsu, H., Irie, H., Hashimoto, K.

“Zeta potential and photocatalytic activity of nitrogen doped TiO2

films”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 6, pp. 865-870, 2004.

166. Moller, A., Xie, Z., Sturm, R. and Ebinghaus, R. “Polybrominated

diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants in

air and seawater of the European Arctic”, Environ. Pollution, Vol. 159,pp. 1577-1583, 2011.

167. Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Suzuki, K., Moribe, S. and Kubota, S.T.

“Visible-light- induced photocatalytic oxidation of carboxylic acids and

aldehydes over N-doped TiO2 loaded with Fe, Cu or Pt”, Appl. Catal.B: Environ., Vol. 83, pp. 56–62, 2008.

192

168. Moulder, J.F. Stickle, W.F. Sobol, P.E. and Bomben, K.D. “Handbook

of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Physical Electronics Division,

Perkin-Elemer Corp: Eden Prairie MN, 1992.

169. Nada, A.A., Barakat, M.H., Hamed, H.A., Mohamed, N.R. and

Veziroglu, T.N. “Studies on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

using suspended modified TiO2 photocatalysts”, Int. J. HydrogenEnergy, Vol. 30, pp. 687-691, 2005.

170. Nagaveni, K., Hegde, M.S. and Madras, G. “Structure and

photocatalytic activity of Ti1-xMxO2± (M = W, V, Ce, Zr, Fe, and Cu)

synthesized by solution combustion method”, J. Phys. Chem. B,Vol. 108, pp. 20204-20212, 2004.

171. Neppolian, B., Choi, H.C., Sakthivel, S., Arabindoo, B. and Murugesan,

V. “Solar light induced and TiO2 assisted degradation of textile dye

reactive blue 4”, Chemosphere, Vol. 46, pp. 1173-1181, 2002.

172. Neppolian, B., Kanel, S.R., Choi, H.C., Shankar, M.V., Arabindoo, B.

and Murugesan, V. “Photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow17 in

aqueous solution in the presence of TiO2 with cement binder”, Int. J.

Photoenergy, Vol. 5, pp. 45-49, 2003.

173. Neppolian, B., Sakthivel, S., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye commonly

used in cotton fabrics”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., Vol. 113, pp. 329-335,1998.

174. Neppolian, B., Sakthivel, S., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Degradation of textile dye by solar light using TiO2 and

ZnO photocatalysts”, J. Environ. Sci. Health., Part A, Vol. 34,pp. 1829-1838, 1999.

175. Neppolian, B., Sakthivel, S., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of reactive

yellow 17 dye in aqueous solution using UV irradiation”, J. Environ.Sci. Health., Part A, Vol. 36, pp. 203-213, 2001.

176. Nosaka, Y. and Fox, M.A. “Kinetics for electron transfer from laser-

pulse-irradiated colloidal semiconductors to adsorbed methyl viologen.

Dependence of the quantum yield on incident pulse width”, J. Phys.

Chem., Vol. 92, pp. 1893-1897, 1988.

193

177. O’Shea, K.E., Beightol, S., Garcia, I., Aguilar, M., Kalen, D.V. and

Cooper, W.J. “Photocatalytic decomposition of organophosphonates in

irradiated TiO2 suspensions”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,Vol. 107, pp. 221-226, 1997.

178. Ohko, Y., Ando, I., Niwa, O., Tatsuma, T., Yamamura, T., Kubota, Y.

and Fujishima, A. “Degradation of bisphenol-A in water by TiO2

photocatalyst”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 35, pp. 2365-2368, 2001.

179. Okamoto, K.I., Yamamoto, Y., Tanaka, H. and Tanaka, M.

“Heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of phenol over TiO2

powder”, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 58, pp. 2015-2022, 1985.

180. Osano, O., Admiraala, W., Klamerc, H.J.C., Pastorc, D. and Bleekera,

E.A.J. “Comparative toxic and genotoxic effects of chloroacetanilides,

formamidines and their degradation products on vibrio

fischeri and chironomus riparius”, Environ. Pollut., Vol. 119,pp. 195-202, 2002.

181. Pala, B., Sharonb, M. and Nogami, G. “Preparation and characterization

of TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides and its photocatalytic

properties”, Mat. Chem. Phy., Vol. 59, pp. 254-261, 1999.

182. Park, I.S., Choi, M., Kim, T.W. and Ryoo, R. “Synthesis of

magnetically separable ordered mesoporous carbons using furfuryl

alcohol and cobalt nitrate in a silica template”, J. Mater. Chem.,Vol. 16, pp. 3409-3416, 2006.

183. Park, Y., Kim, W., Park, H., Tachikawa, T., Majima, T. and Choi, W.

“Carbon-doped TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized without using an

external carbon precursor and the visible light activity”, Appl. Catal. B:Environ., Vol. 91, pp. 355-361, 2009.

184. Pelizzetti, E., Borgarello, E., Serpone, N. and Gratzel, M.

“Photocatalytic cleavage of hydrogen sulphide and organosulphur

compounds”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., Vol. 19, pp. 329-335, 1984.

185. Pichat, P. “Photocatalytic degradation of aromatic and alicyclic

pollutants in water: By-products pathways and mechanisms”, Water.Sci. Techol., Vol. 35, pp. 73-78, 1997.

186. Pradhan, G.K. and Parida, K.M. “ Fabrication growth mechanism and

characterization of R-Fe2O3 nanorods”, Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 3,

pp. 317–323, 2011.

194

187. Pradhan, G.K., Martha, S. and Parida, K.M., “Synthesis of

multifunctional nanostructured Zinc Iron mixed oxide photocatalyst by

a simple solution-combustion technique”, Appl. Mater. Interfaces,Vol. 4, pp. 707 713, 2012.

188. Pramauro, E., Prevot, A.B., Cincent, M. and Brizzolessi, G.

“Photocatalytic degradation of carbonyl in aqueous solutions containing

TiO2 suspensions”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 31, pp. 3126-3131,

1997.

189. Priya, M.H. and Madras, G. “Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of

phenols with multiple substituent groups”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A:Chem., Vol. 179, pp. 256-262, 2006.

190. Rao, C.N.R., Muller, A. and Cheetham, A.K. “The chemistry of

nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and applications”, John Wiley and

Sons, pp. 1-761, 2004.

191. Rathousky, J., Kalousek, V., Kolar, M. and Jirkovsky, J. “Mesoporous

films of TiO2 as efficient photocatalysts for the purification of water”,Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., Vol. 10, pp. 419–424, 2011.

192. Reeves, P., Ohlhausen, R., Sloan, D., Pamplin, K., Scoggins, T., Clark,

C., Hutchinson, B. and Green, D. “Photocatalytic destruction of organic

dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions using concentrated, stimulated andnatural solar energy”, Sol. Energy, Vol. 48, pp. 413-420, 1992.

193. Ren, W., Ai, Z., Jia, F., Zhang, L., Fan, X. and Zou, Z. “Low

temperature preparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of

mesoporous carbon-doped crystalline TiO2”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ.,Vol. 69, pp. 138-144, 2007.

194. Richardson, S.D. “Environmental mass spectrometry: Emerging

contaminants and current issues”, Anal. Chem., Vol. 80, pp. 4373-4402,2008.

195. Rothenberger, G., Moser, J., Gratzel, M., Serpone, N. and Sharma, D.K.

“Charge carrier trapping and recombination dynamics in small

semiconductor particles”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 107, pp. 8054-8059,1985.

195

196. Saepurahman, Abdullah, M.A. and Chong, F.K. “Preparation and

characterization of tungsten-loaded titanium dioxide photocatalyst for

enhanced dye degradation”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 176, pp. 451-458,2010.

197. Sajjad, A.K.L., Sajjad, S., Chen, F. and Zhang, J. “WO3/TiO2 composite

with morphology change via hydrothermal template-free route as an

efficient visible light photocatalyst”, Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 166,

pp. 906-915, 2011.

198. Sakai, H., Baba, R., Hashimoto, K., Kubota, Y. and Fujishima, A.

“Selective killing of a single cancerous T24 cell with TiO2

semiconduction microelectrode under irradiation”, Chem. Lett.,pp. 185-186, 1995.

199. Sakatani, Y. and Koike, H. “Japan patent”, P2001-72419A, 2001.

200. Sakthivel, S. and Kisch, H. “Daylight photocatalysis by carbon-

modified titanium dioxide” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Vol. 42,pp. 4908-4911, 2003.

201. Sakthivel, S., Geissen, S.U., Bahnemann, D.W., Murugesan, V. and

Vogelpohl, A. “Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by

semiconductor heterojunctions: -Fe2O3, WO3 and CdS deposited on

ZnO”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 148, pp. 283-293,2002a.

202. Sakthivel, S., Neppolian, B., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. and

Murugesan, V. “Photocatalytic degradation of leather dye over ZnO

catalyst supported on alumina and glass surfaces”, Water Sci. Techol.,Vol. 44, pp. 211-218, 2001.

203. Sakthivel, S., Neppolian, B., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “TiO2 catalysed photodegradation of leather dye Acidgreen 16”, J. Sci. Ind. Res., Vol. 59, pp. 556-562, 2000.

204. Sakthivel, S., Neppolian, B., Shankar, M.V., Arabindoo, B.

Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V. “Solar photocatalytic degradation

of azo dye: Comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2”,J. Sol. Ener. Mater. Cells, Vol. 77, pp. 65-82, 2003.

196

205. Sakthivel, S., Shankar, M.V., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Photocatalytic decomposition of leather dye:

Comparative study of TiO2 supported on alumina and glass beads”,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 148, pp. 153-159, 2002.

206. Sanghi, R. and Bhattacharya, B. “Review on decolorisation of aqueous

dye solutions by low cost adsorbents”, Res. J. Can., Vol. 118,pp. 256-269, 2002.

207. Sano, T., Negishi, N., Koike, K., Takeuchi, K. and Matsuzawa, S.

“Preparation of a visible light responsive photocatalyst from a complex

of Ti4+

with a nitrogen containing ligand”, J. Mater. Chem., Vol.14,pp.380-384, 2004.

208. Sato, T. and Taya, M. “Copper aided photosterilization of microbial

cells on TiO2 film under irradiation from a white light fluorescent

lamp”, J. Biochem. Eng., Vol. 30, pp. 199-204, 2006.

209. Schattka, J., Shchukin, D., Jia, J., Antonietti, M. and Caruso, R.

“Photocatalytic activities of porous titania and titania/zirconia structures

formed by using a polymer gel templating technique”, Chem. Mater.,

Vol. 14, pp. 5103-5108, 2002.

210. Schrauzer, G.N. and Guth, T.P. “Photocatalytic reactions. photolysis

of water and photoreduction of nitrogen-titanium dioxide”, J. Am.Chem. Soc., Vol. 99, pp. 7189-7193, 1977.

211. Seo, M.H., Yuasa, M., Kida, T., Huh, J.S., Shimanoe, K. and Yamazoe,

N. “Gas sensing characteristics and porosity control of nanostructured

films composed of TiO2 nanotubes”, Sens. Actuators B, Vol. 137,pp. 513-520, 2009.

212. Serpone N., Lawless D. and Pelizzetti E. “Subnanosecond

characteristics and photophysics of nanosized TiO2 particulates from

RPart = 10A to 34A: Meaning for heterogenous photocatalysis”, in

Pelizzetti E. (Ed.), Fine particles science and technology, KluwerAcademic Publishers, pp.657-673, 1996.

213. Serpone, N., Borgarellow, E., Barbeni, M. and Pelizzetti, E. “Effect of

cadmium sulphide preparation on the photo-catalysed decomposition of

hydrogen sulphide in alkaline aqueous media”, Inorg. Chim. Acta,

Vol. 90, pp. 191-194, 1984.

197

214. Serre, C., Garin, F., Belot, G. and Marie, G. “Reactivity of Pt/Al2O3 and

Pt-CeO2Al2O3 catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide by

oxygen: II. Influence of the pretreatment step on the oxidationmechanism”, J. Catal. Vol., 141, pp. 9-20, 1993.

215. Shankar, M.V., Cheralathan, K.K., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. and

Murugesan, V. “Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of

monocrotophos in aqueous solution over titania hybridized with

-zeolite”, Annali di chimica, Vol. 93, pp. 827-832, 2003.

216. Shankar, M.V., Neppolian, B., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. and

Murugesan, V. “Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of textile dyereactive red 2”, Indian J. Engg. Mat. Sci., Vol. 8, pp. 104-109, 2001.

217. Shena, M., Wua, Z., Huanga, H., Dua, Y., Zoub, Z. and Yanga, P.

“Carbon-doped anatase TiO2 obtained from TiC for photocatalysisunder visible light irradiation”, Mater. Lett., Vol. 60, pp. 693-697, 2006

218. Shifu, C., Lei, C., Shen, G. and Gengyu, C. “The preparation of coupled

WO3/TiO2 photocatalyst by ball milling”, Powder Technology,Vol. 160, pp. 198- 202, 2005.

219. Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A.,

Rouquerol, J. and Siemieniewska, T. “Reporting physisorption data for

gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surfacearea and porosity”, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 57, pp. 603-619, 1985.

220. Snaith, H.J. and Gratzel, M. “The Role of a ‘Schottky Barrier’ at an

electron-collection electrode in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells”,

Adv. Mater., Vol. 18, pp. 1910-1914, 2006.

221. Sobana, N., Muruganadham, M. and Swaminathan, M. “Nano-Ag

particles doped TiO2 for efficient photodegradation of direct azo dyes”,J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol. 258, pp. 124-132, 2006.

222. Stafford, U., Ray, K.A. and Kamat, P.V. “Photocatalytic degradation of

4-chlorophenol: The effects of varying TiO2 concentration and light

wavelength”, J. Catal., Vol. 167, pp. 25-32, 1997.

223. Su, C., Hong, B.Y. and Tseng, C.M. “Sol-gel preparation and

photocatalysis of titanium dioxide”, Catal. Today, Vol. 96, pp. 119-126,2004.

198

224. Subramanian, V., Wolf, E.E. and Kamat, P. “Catalysis with TiO2/gold

nanocomposites: Effect of metal particle size on the Fermi level

equilibration”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 126, pp. 4943-4950, 2004.

225. Sugimoto, T., Zhou, X. and Muramatsu, A. “Synthesis of uniform

anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by gel-sol method: Shape control”,J. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol. 259, pp. 53-61, 2003.

226. Sun, Q., Leng, W., Li, Z. and Xu, Y. “Effect of surface Fe2O3 clusters

on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for phenol degradation in water”,

J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 229, pp. 224– 232, 2012.

227. Sun, X. and Li, Y.D. “Colloidal carbon spheres and their core/shell

structures with noble-metal nanoparticles”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,Vol. 43, pp. 597-601, 2004.

228. Sung-Suh, H.M., Choi, J.R., Hah, H.J., Koo, S.M. and Bae, Y.C.

“Comparison of Ag deposition effects on the photocatalytic activity of

nanoparticulate TiO2 under visible and UV light irradiation”,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 163, pp. 37-44, 2004.

229. Tahiri, H., Ichou, Y.A. and Hermann, J.M. “Photocatalytic degradation

of chlorobenzoic isomers in aqueous suspensions of neat and modified

titania”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 114, pp. 219-226,

1998.

230. Taira, S., Miki, T. and Yanagi, H. “Dye sensitization of n-TiO2 single-

crystal electrodes with vapor deposited oxometalphthalocyanines”,Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 143, pp. 23-29, 1999.

231. Tanabe, K., Hattori, H., Sumiyoshi, T., Tamaru, K. and Kondo, T.

“Surface property and catalytic activity of MgO/TiO2”, J. Catal.,Vol., 53, pp. 1-8, 1978.

232. Teoh, L.G., Hon, Y.M., Shieh J., Lai, W.H. and Hon, M.H. “Sensitivity

properties of a novel NO2 gas sensor based on mesoporous WO3 thinfilm”, Sens. Actuators, B, Vol. 96, pp. 219-225, 2003.

233. Theurich, J., Lindner, M. and Bahnemann, D.W. “Photocatalytic

degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aerated aqueous titanium dioxide

suspensions: A kinetic and mechanistic study”, Langmuir, Vol. 12,pp. 6368-6376, 1996.

199

234. Thimsen, E., Biswas, S., Lo, C.S. and Biswas, P. “Predicting the band

structure of mixed transition metal oxides: Theory and experiment”,

J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 113, pp. 2014–2021, 2009.

235. Tsubomura, H., Matsumura, M., Nomura, Y. and Amamiya, T. “Dye

sensitised zinc oxide/aqueous electrolyte/platinum photocell”, Nature,Vol. 261, pp. 402-403, 1976.

236. Turchi, C.S. and Ollis, D.F. “Photocatalytic degradation of organic

water contaminants: Mechanisms involving hydroxyl radical attack”,

J. Catal., Vol. 122, pp. 178-192, 1990.

237. Umamaheswari, V., Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V.

“Isopropylation of m-cresol over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecularsieves”, J. Catal., Vol. 210, pp. 367-374, 2002.

238. Umebayashi, T., Yamaki, T., Itoh, H. and Asai, K. “Bandgap narrowing

oftitanium dioxide by sulfur doping”, Appl. Phys. Lett.,

Vol. 81, pp. 454-456, 2002.

239. Umebayashi, T., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, S., Miyashita, A., Tanaka, S.,

Sumita, T. and Asai, K. “Sulfur-doping of rutile-titanium dioxide by ion

implantation: Photocurrent spectroscopy and first-principles bandcalculation studies”, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 93, pp. 5156-5160, 2003.

240. Valentin, C.D., Pacchioni, G., Selloni, A., Livraghi, S. and Giamello, E.

“Characterization of paramagnetic species in N-doped TiO2 powders by

EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations”, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 109,pp. 11414-11419, 2005.

241. Van der Bruggen, B., De Vreese, I. and Vandecasteele, C. “Water

Reclamation in the Textile Industry:Nanofiltration of Dye Baths forWool Dyeing”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 40, pp. 3973-3978, 2001.

242. Venkatachalam, N., Palanichamy, M. and Murugesan, V. “Sol-gel

preparation and characterization of nanosize TiO2: Its photocatalyticperformance”, Mater. Chem. Phys., Vol. 104, pp. 454-459, 2007.

243. Venkatachalam, N., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and Murugesan,

V. “Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by Zr4+

doped nano TiO2”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol. 266, pp. 158-165,2007a.

200

244. Venkatachalam, N., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and Murugesan,

V. “Alkaline earth metal doped nanoporous TiO2 for enhanced

photocatalytic mineralisation of bisphenol-A”, Catal. Commun., Vol. 8,pp. 1088-1093, 2007b.

245. Venkatachalam, N., Vinu, A., Anandan, S., Arabindoo, B. and

Murugesan, V. “Visible light active photocatalytic degradation of

bisphenol-A using nitrogen doped TiO2”, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.,

Vol. 6, pp. 2499-2507, 2006.

246. Vereba, G., Manczingerb, L., Oszkoc, A., Sienkiewiczd, A., Forrod, L.,

Mogyorosia, K., Dombia, A. and Hernadia, K. “Highly efficient

bacteria inactivation and phenol degradation by visible light irradiated

iodine doped TiO2”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 129, pp. 194-201,

2013.

247. Vijayan, P., Mahendiran, C., Suresh, C. and Shanthi, K. “Photocatalytic

activity of iron doped nanocrystalline titania for the oxidative

degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol”, Catal. Today, Vol. 141,

pp. 220-224, 2009.

248. Vogel, R., Hoyer, P. and Weller, H. “Quantum-sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S,

Sb2S3 and Bi2S3 particles as sensitizers for various nanoporous wide-

bandgap semiconductors”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 98, pp. 3183-318,1994.

249. Vorontsov, A.V., Stoyanova, I.V., Kozlov, D.V., Simagina, V.I. and

Savinov, E.N. “Kinetics of the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous

acetone over platinized titanium dioxide”, J. Catal., Vol. 189,pp. 360-369, 2000.

250. Wagner, C.D., Riggs, W.M., Davis, L.E. and Muilenberg, J.F.

“Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; perkin elmer”, Eden

prairie, 1979.

251. Wang, C.C. and Ying, J.Y. “Sol-gel synthesis and hydrothermal

processing of anatase and rutile titania nanocrystals”, Chem. Mater.,Vol. 11, pp. 3113-3120, 1999.

252. Wang, W., Silva, C.G. and Faria, J.L. “Photocatalytic degradation of

Chromotrope 2R using nanocrystallineTiO2/activated-carbon composite

catalysts”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 70, pp. 470-478, 2007.

201

253. Wang, X., Yu, J.C., Yip, H.Y., Wu, L., Wong, P.K. and Lai, S.Y.

“Mesoporous Pt/TiO2 nanoarchitecture with catalytic and photocatalytic

functions”, Chem. Eur. J., Vol. 11, pp. 2997-3004, 2005.

254. Weckhuysen, B.M. and Schoonheydt, R.A. “Recent progress in diffuse

reflectance spectroscopy of supported metal oxide catalysts”, Catal.Today, Vol. 49, pp. 441-451, 1999.

255. Wintgens, T., Salehi, F., Hochstrat, R. and Melin, T. “Emerging

contaminants and treatment options in water recycling for indirect

potable use”, Water Sci. Technol., Vol. 57, pp. 99-107, 2008.

256. Wong, C.C. and Chu, W. “The direct photolysis and photocatalytic

degradation of alachlor at different TiO2 and UV sources”,Chemosphere, Vol. 50, pp. 981-987, 2003.

257. Wong, K.H., Tao, S., Dawson, R. and Wong, P.K. “Optimisation of

photocatalytic oxidation of 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrachlorobiphenyl”, J. Hazard.

Mater., Vol. 109, pp. 149-155, 2004.

258. Wu, C.H., Chang, H.W. and Chern, J.M. “Basic dye decomposition

kinetics in a photocatalytic slurry reactor”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 137,pp. 336-343, 2006.

259. Xiao, M.W., Wang, L.S., Huang, X.J., Wu, Y.D. and Dang, Z.

“Synthesis and characterization of WO3/titanate nanotubes

nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic properties”, J. AlloysCompd, Vol. 470, pp. 486-491, 2009.

260. Xie, Y. and Yuan, C. “Visible-light responsive cerium ion modified

titania sol and nanocrystallites for X-3B dye photodegradation”, Appl.

Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 46, pp. 251-259, 2003.

261. Xu, Y.H. Chen, H.R. Zeng, Z.X. and Lei, B. “Investigation on

mechanism of photocatalytic activity enhancement of nanometercerium-doped titania”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 252, pp. 8565-2570, 2006.

262. Xu, Z., Zhang Q., Herbert, H. and Fang, P. “Applications of porous

resin sorbents in industrial wastewater treatment and resource

recovery”, Critical Reviews in Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 33,pp. 363-389, 2003.

202

263. Yamashita, T. and Hayes, P. “Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+

and

Fe3+

ions in oxide materials”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 254,

pp. 2441 2449, 2008.

264. Yang, H.G., Liu, G., Qiao, S.Z., Sun, C.H., Jin, Y.G., Smith, S.C., Zou,

J., Cheng, H.M. and Lu, G.Q.M. “Solvothermal synthesis and

photoreactivity of anatase TiO2 nanosheets with dominant {001}facets”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 131, pp. 4078-4083, 2009.

265. Yang, P., Lu, C., Hua, N. and Du, Y. “Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

co-doped with Fe3+

and Eu3+

ions for photocatalysis”, Mater. Lett.,Vol. 57, pp. 794-801, 2002.

266. Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D.I., Chmelka, B.F. and Stucky, G.D.

“Generalized syntheses of large-pore mesoporous metal oxides withsemicrystalline frameworks”, Nature, Vol. 396, pp. 152-155, 1998.

267. Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D.I., Chmelka, B.F. and Stucky, G.D.

“Block copolymer templating syntheses of mesoporous metal oxides

with large ordering lengths and semicrystalline framework”, Chem.Mater., Vol. 11, pp. 2813-2826, 1999.

268. Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D.I., Fredrickson, B.F., Chmelka, B.

and Stucky, G. D. “Hierarchically ordered oxides”, Science, Vol. 282,

pp. 2244-2246, 1998.

269. Yang, X., Konishi, H., Xu, H. and Wu, M. “Comparative sol-

hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals”, Eur. J. Inorg.Chem., Vol. 2006, pp. 2229-2235, 2006.

270. Yin, H., Wada, Y., Kitamura, T., Kambe, S., Murasawa, S., Mori, H.,

Sakata, T. and Yanagida, S. “Hydrothermal synthesis of nanosized

anatase and rutile TiO2 using amorphous phase TiO2”, J. Mater. Chem.,Vol. 6, pp. 1694-1703, 2001.

271. Yoshitake, H., Sugihara, T. and Tatsumi, T. “Preparation of wormhole-

like mesoporous TiO2 with an extremely large surface area and

stabilization of its surface by chemical vapor deposition”, Chem.Mater., Vol. 14, pp. 1023-1029, 2002.

272. Yu, J., Su, Y. and Cheng, B. “Template-free fabrication and enhanced

photocatalytic activity of hierarchical macro-/mesoporous titania”, Adv.Funct. Mater., Vol. 17, pp. 1984-1990, 2007.

203

273. Yu, J.C., Li, G., Wang, X., Hu, X., Leung, C.W. and Zhang, Z. “An

ordered cubic Im3m mesoporous Cr–TiO2 visible light photocatalyst”,

Chem. Commun., pp. 2717-2719, 2006.

274. Yu, J.C., Yu, J., Ho, W., Jiang, Z. and Zhang, L. “Effects of F-doping

on the photocatalytic activity and microstructures of nanocrystallineTiO2 powders”, Chem. Mater., Vol. 14, pp. 3808-3816, 2002.

275. Yue, B., Zhou, Y., Xu, J.Y., Wu, Z.Z., Zhang, X., Zou, Y.F. and Jin,

S.L. “Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous 4-chlorophenol by silica-

immobilized polyoxometalates”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 36,pp. 1325-1329, 2002.

276. Zeltner, W.A. and Anderson, M.A. “The use of nanoparticles in

environmental application”, in Pelizzetti E. (Ed.), Fine particles scienceand technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.643-656, 1996.

277. Zhang, P.C., Scrudato, R.J. and Germano G. “Solar catalytic

inactivation of Escherichia coli in aqueous solutions using TiO2 ascatalyst”, Chemosphere, Vol. 28, pp. 607-611, 1994.

278. Zhao, W., Ma, W., Chen, C., Zhao, J. and Shuai, Z. “Efficient

degradation of toxic organic pollutants with Ni2O3/TiO2-xBx undervisible irradiation”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 126, pp. 4782-4783, 2004.

279. Zhu, J.F., Zhang, J.L., Chen, F. and Anpo, M. “Preparation of high

photocatalytic activity TiO2 with a bicrystalline phase containinganatase and TiO2”, Mater. Lett., Vol. 5, pp. 3378–3381, 2005.

280. Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, C. and Cao, L. “The synthesis of nanosized

TiO2 powder using a sol– gel method with TiCl4 as a precursor”, J.

Mater. Sci., Vol. 35, pp. 4049-4054, 2000.