Painting Harvesting Scene by Pieter Brueghel depicting pre-industrial village life.

• Farming in the Middle Ages• Disadvantages of traditional farming• Forces of change

Crop rotation of four crops on a manor

• Enclosure movement• Crop rotation• Other discoveries

• Effects of the Agricultural Revolution

Engraving of a cottage industry scene from Ireland in 1783.

• Mercantilism and rising demand• Cottage Industry

• Capitalism

• Effects of the cottage industry

Mule-spinning machines making cotton cloth in an English textile mill in 1834

• Textile industry invented

• Rise of the factory• Effects of textile factories in Britain

James Watt’s steam pumping engines at the pit head of an English coal mine in the 1790’s

• Need for energy• How the steam engine works

• Effect of the steam engine

Men pouring steel ingots (bars) at Copenhagen Denmark in 1885

• Need for iron

• Need for coal

• Effect of iron and coal

Stephenson’s Rocket winning the Manchester-Liverpool race in 1829.

• Need for better transportation

• Inventions

• Effects of Railroads

The Triumph of Steam and Electricity; from the Illustrated London News, 1897

• Geography

• Government

• Social factors

• Colonial empire

• Advantages of Industrialization

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution