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Page 1
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Wim Tytgat (Sabena) & Olivier Delain (EEC)
BRUSSELS AIRPORT CDM PROJECT
Page 2
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
CDM Modelling
Functional CDM Model
Collaborative Improvements Collaborative Improvements
CDM Instantiation
Implementation
Identification of user cases/actors Business Process Description
Identification of problems &targeted improvements Making Choices
Proposal Refinement Identification of Metrics/Indicators Preparation of implementation Description of Experiments
Scope & Objective Modelling Tool Devising & Testing alternative policies Evaluating Benefits against dashboard
1
2
3
4
Project ArticulationProject Articulation
Page 3
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Problem with Problem with Data QualityData Quality Predictabiliy, Accuracy , Completeness , Predictabiliy, Accuracy , Completeness ,
TimelinessTimeliness
Wrong /Wrong /Bad DecisionsBad Decisions
Reduction of the last minute gate changes ?
Between A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e
CDM ObjectiveCDM Objective
Page 4
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Departure
Accuracy: Actual-Estimated time (min)
Timeliness: Horizon (min)
Poor quality of information ..... Results inPoor quality of information ..... Results in
Arrivals
Wrong / bad Wrong / bad decisionsdecisions
Quality of InformationQuality of Information
Page 5
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Planned Planned Rotations Rotations Vs.Vs.RealityReality
Zoom Zoom
Page 6
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Missed SlotMissed Slot DEPARTURE Punctuality DEPARTURE Punctuality Wrong Taxi out timeWrong Taxi out time
Predictability and AccuracyPredictability and Accuracy
EOBT
High sensitivity to : Hub Effects & Weather
08:25
CTOT
09:15
ATFM Delay = 30’ Taxi Time = 20’
08:19
Pilot: Ready !
TWR: Please call at 08:55
08:55
TWR: No 7 for SUC
09:13
SUC
SUC: 18’ 08:55 Taxi Out: 29 ’
AOBT ATOT
09:42
Ready Take off 1h23’
Taxi-out Estimate: 5’
Life Example
Page 7
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Last minute gate changeLast minute gate change Waste of Waste of CapacityCapacity
UncertaintyUncertainty
Planning Under UncertaintyPlanning Under Uncertainty
S/G ManagmentSlack Time 15’
Slack Time 15’
EIBT EOBT EIBT EOBT
AIBT
Disruption (missing pax, connecting px)
AOBT EIBT
2’
Reality
AIBT
Gaming Theory ...... Experience may lead to late S/G change
SAB2468
SAB1357
Page 8
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Airport
S/G conflictsS/G conflicts
InefficientInefficientUse of ResourcesUse of Resources
ThroughputThroughput
ATC TWR
Unused RWY Unused RWY Slots Slots
Departure SequenceDeparture Sequence
ThroughputThroughput
CFMU
Slot AdherenceSlot Adherence
Lost slotsLost slots
OverdeliveriesOverdeliveries
SystemSystemInefficiencyInefficiency
AOs
Induced EffectsInduced Effects
DelaysDelays CostsCosts
SummarySummary
ATC En Route
Overloads Overloads
ReducedReducedCapacityCapacity
Safety Safety
G. Handling
ConflictsConflicts
InefficientInefficientUse of ResourcesUse of Resources
ThroughputThroughput
Page 9
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Reduction of the last minute changesReduction of the last minute changes
Proposals / Enablers
1: Milestones approach (set and control)
2: Propagation of information available at outstation ETD/ETA
6: Determine and publish taxi out time (gate=elementary element)
3: Airport (S&G) View on CFMU operational decisions (slots) 4: ETA updates en-route / ETD next legs impact
5: TOBT: target off block time
ArrivalsArrivals
DepartureDeparture
7: Pre-notice Start up Clearance Delivery (reduceduced R/T)
Page 10
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Disencentives exist for airlines to publish the “real” EOBT,
“Double Penalty” Phenomenon
Mutual lack of understanding result in delays, absence of flexibility, lack of efficiency, etc (change of attitude by training)
Today - Day of Operations
07:00
AOBT ATA EOBT
08:40 09:25
ATOT
AOBT ATA EOBT ATOT
07:00 08:40 09:25
CTOT
Late implementation, rectification or extension of a regulation nearby may lead to penalties
NEWCTOT
NEWEOBT
Page 11
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
EOBT [N+1]-30’
TOBT [N+1] init
Milestones ApproachMilestones Approach
TIME-BASED
ETA [N] , EOBTs (next leg & connecting flights)
ETA [N]-30’
In flight phase
Surface [outstation]
Surface [Brussels Station]
In flight phase
MILESTONES M1 M2 M3 M5 M6 M9 M10
M4 M7 M12
M11 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19M8
EVENT-BASED SIT1 N
SIT1 N+1
ATA AIBT N-1 N-1
AOBT ATOT N N
FDO SB GC DC SUR SUC AOBT ATOT ATA AIBT N+1 N+1
ATA AIBT N N
update ETA [N]
EOBT [N]-20’
At EOBT[N] -2h At EOBT[N+1] -2h
Page 12
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Landing ClearanceTaxi-in clearanceAircraft In BlockJetways Deployed1st Door OpenCargo Doors OpenedFirst Bag Unloaded (arrival status)Last Bag Unloaded (arrival status)Check in OpenFinal CallCheck in ClosedGate ClosedBus Call (remote)Embarkation Complete (remote)Flight Attendants ReadyCabin ReadyRefuelling StartRefuelling FinishedStart BoardingEnd BoardingFirst Bag Loaded (departure status)Last Bag Loaded (departure status)Cargo Doors ClosedCabin Doors ClosedA/C Doors ClosedPilot ReadyStart Up RequestStart Up ClearanceReady to PushPushbackStart De-icingEnd De-icingTaxi Out ClearanceTake Off Clearance
SurfaceSurface
Target OBT
Belgocontrol
Parking Control
Sabena OCC
GroundHandling
EOBT-30’
Update
EOBT
TOBT
TOBT-20’
Init. TOBT
Confirmed TOBT
Adjust TOBT
TOBT Window
Page 13
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
EOBT [N] -20’
EOBT [N]
ETA [N] CTA [N]
TOBT
ETA EOBT [N+1] [N+2]
EOBT [N+1]
Inbound Flight [N]
ATA < 15’
ATA < 6’
ATA ATOT ATA AOBT ATA
AOBT < 5’
EOBT[N] -20’
ATA -8’ < ETA <ATA +15’ [N]
ETA[N] -30’ ATA -4 < ETA < ATA +6’ [N]
EOBT [N+1] -30’
AOBT- 5’ < TOBT < AOBT + 5’ [N]
Outbound Flight [N+1]
ETA [N] -30’
EOBT [N+1] -30’
ETA and EOBT AccuracyETA and EOBT Accuracy
Page 14
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Existing Airport Central Data Base (CDB)
Completeness
Data Quality &
Milestones
Performance
CDM Processes
DATA
REPOSITORY
Firewall
CFMU
ATC
Airport
AOs
Ground Handling
BRUSSELSOther Site
SLA
BIAC
Belgocontrol
Sabena
Other AOs
Other Handlers
CDM Contract
Architecture Architecture
Page 15
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Collaborative Pre-Start-Up ClearanceCollaborative Pre-Start-Up Clearance
TOBTTOBT-20’
TOBT Updates window
EOBT-30’
AIRLINE, PILOT HANDLING AGENTS RESPONSIBILITY
CTOT Window
TOBT accuracy 5’
ATC RESPONSIBILITY
PILOT MUST BE READY FOR PUSHBACK
TWR: START-UP CLEARANCE
TWR/ PLANNER: PREPARE SEQUENCE
PUSHBACK
2’
TOBT accuracy 5’
TOBT ESUCSUC
PUSHBACK
TAXI
TAKEOFF
UNECESSARY TO REQUEST START-UP
TOBT-20’
Page 16
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Slot Adaptation ProposalSlot Adaptation Proposal
Delays:
AOC
+
ATC
+
CFMU
=
AOBT ATOT
TOBT Taxi Time CTOT Slot Adaptation?
New CTOT TOBT+ T.T+ SLOT= SAP
SAP
ESUC SUC Taxi Time
Tower
Delay
CTOT
ATFM Delay Taxi-time 20’
CFMU
Delay > 15’
EOBT-30’ TOBT-20’ TOBT
A.O.C /Handlers
EOBT
Page 17
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Propagate the approach to other actors in Brussels (AOs, Handlers)
Implement Approach and Analyse Benefits (Early 2002)
Develop Data Quality Framework (Metrics, Tool)
Build Service Level Agreements
Develop co-operation with CFMU around Milestones approach (TOBT)
Enhance Taxi Time Prediction
Develop new collaborative procedures
2002 Axes 2002 Axes
Page 18
BRUSSELS
CDM
2001
TIM 8 (Washington) - November 1,2001
Used AcronymsUsed Acronyms
SIT1 SLOT ISSUE TIME (CFMU) ESUC ESTIMATED START UP CLEARANCE
EOBT ESTIMATED OFF BLOCK TIME SUR START UP REQUEST
TOBT TARGET OFF BLOCK TIME SUC START UP CLEARANCE
AOBT ACTUAL OFF BLOCK TIME TT TAXI TIME
CTOT CALCULATED TAKE OFF TIME (CFMU)
ETD ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE
ATOT ACTUAL TAKE OFF TIME
ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL
CTA CALCULATED TIME OF ARRIVAL
ATA ACTUAL TIME OF ARRIVAL
AIBT ACTUAL IN BLOCK TIME
FDO FIRST DOOR OPENED
SB START BOARDING
GC GATE CLOSED
DC DOORS CLOSED
