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PADSPower Aware Distributed Systems
Architecture Approaches
USC Information Sciences InstituteBrian Schott, Bob Parker
UCLAMani Srivastava
Rockwell Science CenterCharles Chien
Sensor Network Baseline
Instrument a state-of-the-art sensor node to understand and baseline power consumption in current sensor systems.
Rockwell WINS is modular: Power Board StrongARM Board Radio Board Sensor Board
WINS representative of other sensor nodes in the community.
We plan to adapt this node to allow module-level power instrumentation and logging both in the lab and in the field.
Power Instrumentation
Goals Insert a power isolation board
between each module. Signals are passed through, power
supplies are isolated. Microcontroller provides power
monitoring and power control from a host’s serial port (workstation, laptop or iPAQ).
Status Four channel instrumentation
board completed and was used at SITEX01.
Power isolator currently in fabrication.
PADS Power Isolator
StrongARM
PADS Power Isolator
Radio
PADS Power Isolator
Sensor
Battery Pack
Measurement Approach
Measurement Device – Configured to measure the power performance of sensor node in real time
Measurement Data - Used in SensorSim to characterize the nodes’ power performance
Sensor Node
MeasurementDevice
Research Platform Status
PADS team has been surveying existing sensor node platforms inside and outside community. mAMPS-1, MIT, StrongARM, ECOS.
Not available to community until Fall 2001. PicoNode, UCB, StrongARM, ECOS.
Still a candidate architecture. Would have to produce own radio with proper P-A hooks and migrate to
WINS, Rockwell, StrongARM, MCOS/ECOS Some aspects of design are closed.
WINS 2.0, Sensoria, SH4, Linux Closed architecture.
ARL CAuS?
Limitation of these nodes is direct dependence on StrongARM (bus master, signaling, control).
AMPS-1 Node Processor Architecture
StrongARMSA-1110
IntelGDS1110BB
Flash
MEMORY
System Connector
IEEE 1386 Mezzanine
DA
TA
AD
DR
ES
S
[31:0]
[31:0][31:0]
[15:0]US
B
RS
232 [4:1]
IRQ
Per
iphe
ral P
wr.
En.
SP
I
DC/DC+3.3V Buck
DC/DC+5V Boost
DC/DC+0.9-2.1V Buck
[4:0]
Core Power
Core Voltage Select
+3.3V
+5V
Battery (3.3-5V)
On-Board Sensor
Dig
ital
logi
c su
pply
Threshold
Gain Select
[19:2]
[19:2]
[19:1]
Per
iphe
ral C
hip
Sel
.
[1:0]
SPI
System Connector
Data Bus [15:0]
Address [4:1]
Peripheral Chip Select [1:0]
RS-232USB peripheral port
Synch. Serial Port (SPI)Peripheral Power Enable [1:0]
+3.3V ~IRQBattery Supply Power Ground
Signal Ground
Memory Control (~WE, ~OE)
64-pin IEEE 1386 Mezzanine connector
PicoNode I
Currently supporting the following efforts Sensors for smart buildings Seismic monitoring Local Positioning research Ad-hoc networking and media-access research New physical layers (Bluetooth and others)
sensor digital power bluetooth radio
Off-the-shelf fully programmable communication/computation node20 nodes operational; new bluetooth and power boardsOrders for nodes due by July 1!
FY99 CAFY99 CAS Gen S Gen II
FY01 CAFY01 CAS Gen IIS Gen II
ARL CAuS ImplementationARL CAuS Implementation
Proof of concept system achieved4 orders of magnitude reduction in Size x Weight x Power metric
Enabled by Adaptive Computing• Supports a wide range of sensors• Move the processing to the sensor head• Low power, high computational throughput• Field upgradeable to support emerging algorithms
Courtesy of Bae/ARL
UCLA Medusa II
Initial prototype competed: Medusa
Design of Medusa II(using non-SensIT resources) Longer range ultrasound (15-20m) Radio Power Control & RSSI circuitry More computation (Atmel THUMB)
Goal: Hybrid Radio-acoustical localization use radio for long-range when ultrasound is unable to find a neighbor Medusa used standalone or as a location coprocessor to sensor nodes
AtmelAVR
RFMRadio
UltrasoundReceiver
Ultrasound Transmitter
INT
Power Management for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Sensors RadioCPU
Real Time Operating System
Power Manager
Dynamic Voltage Scaling
Scalable Signal
Processing
Dynamic Modulation
Scaling
Coordinated Power Management
Distributed Sensor Node Approach
Make each module an independent actor on a multi-master serial bus such as I2C (400Kb, 4Mb*). 87C554 Microcontroller - 16 mA Active, 4 mA Idle, 50 uA Shutdown.
Create common command set for peer to peer communication and control of modules.
Localize specific processing as close to modules as possible (perform energy threshold on seismic board, packet forwarding on radio board, etc.).
A StrongARM may be used for application control and data processing, but could distribute “event handlers” to local microcontrollers and power down most of the time.
I2C + Power
PADS Research Platform Plan
Focus code development in summer using existing SA1/SA2 development boards, radios, and sensors.
Activate ISI hardware team to invent or leverage existing node stack definition that can be reasonably replicated and deployed. Build TI TMS320VC5509 DSP processor module. Build SA2 processor module.
Deploy PADS research platform at ARL Summer ’02 exercise demonstrating 10X power improvement over existing baseline node capabilities.