Bart Kuijpers P4 Presentation Main mentor: Dr. G. Bracken1176420 2012-12-03 BT mentor; Ir Y. Cuperus

Updating Shanghai:Life from the ground up

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SHANGHAI 1554-1842

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SHANGHAI 1842-1943

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SHANGHAI 2012

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SHANGHAI CHINA FLOATING

1830

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1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

POPULATION CHINA VS SHANGHAIPO

PULA

TION

SH

ANGH

AI IN

MIL

LION

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POPU

LATI

ON C

HIN

A IN

MIL

LION

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1830

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1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

PEOP

LE IN

MIL

LION

S

FSI

POPULATION VS BUILDING FSI & CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

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SHIKUMEN CHARACTERISTICS

DECORATED STONE DOORFRAME.

BLACK WOODEN DOOR

COURTYARDSKYWELL

DORMERWINDOWS

GREY & REDBRICKS

ROOFTERRACE

BALCONIES& BAY WINDOWS

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ENGLISH (TUDOR) RENTAL HOUSING MARKETS

PUBLIC FACILITIESSMALL INDUSTRY

MAIN ALLEY

FRENCH (CITE) SHANGHAI VERNACULAR FENG SHUI CHINESE SOCIETY

SHIKUMEN= COLLABORATION

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DISTANCE IN MAN

ON WHAT DISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTION TAKES PLACE

0-0.15 m 0.45-0.75 m 1.2-2.1 m 3.6-7.2 m INTIMATE CLOSE PERSONAL CLOSE SOCIAL CLOSE PUBLIC CLOSE0.15-0.45 m 0.75-1.2 m 2.1-3.6 m 7.2 mINTIMATE FAR PERSONAL FAR SOCIAL FAR PUBLIC FAR

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OUTSIDE MAIN ALLEY SIDE ALLEY HOUSE STAIRS ROOM

IN WHAT TYPE OF SPACE DOES THE SOCIAL INTERACTION TAKE PLACE?

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OUTSIDE MAIN ALLEY SIDE ALLEY HOUSE STAIRS ROOM

IN WHAT TYPE OF SPACE DOES THE SOCIAL INTERACTION TAKE PLACE?

INTIMATE

PERSONAL

SOCIAL

PUBLIC

1 PERSON

10,000 PEOPLE

DIST

ANCE

OF

INER

ACTI

ON

AMOU

NT O

F PE

OPLE

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OUTSIDE/COMPOUND

LOBBY/WAITING AREA

ELEVATOR HALLWAY APARTMENT/ROOM

IN WHAT TYPE OF SPACE DOES THE SOCIAL INTERACTION TAKE PLACE?

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OUTSIDE/COMPOUND

LOBBY/WAITING AREA

ELEVATOR HALLWAY APARTMENT/ROOM

INTIMATE

PERSONAL

SOCIAL

PUBLIC

1 PERSON

10,000 PEOPLE

DIST

ANCE

OF

INER

ACTI

ON

AMOU

NT O

F PE

OPLE

IN WHAT TYPE OF SPACE DOES THE SOCIAL INTERACTION TAKE PLACE?

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STREET- LÙ - 路PUBLIC

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MAIN ALLEY - LI - 里SEMI-PUBLIC

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SIDE ALLEY - LÒNGTÁNG - 弄堂SEMI-PRIVATE

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HOUSE - SHÍKÙMÉN - 石库门PRIVATE

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TRANSITION AREAS

SOCIAL HOTSPOTS

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FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE COMPOUND/NEIGHBORHOOD

RESIDENCES RESIDENCES SMALL SHOPS SHOP HOUSES FACILITIES FOR RESIDENTS SMALL INDUSTRY COMMUNAL FUNCTIONS

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FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE COMPOUND/NEIGHBORHOOD

CLOSED OFF FROM THE URBAN FABRIC POROUS ENTITY ONLY ACCESSIBLE FOR RESIDENTS ACCESIBLE FOR EVERYBODY

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拆那

CHINA

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THE SHIKUMEN PARADOX

THEY CAN’T BE SAVED, THEY CAN’T BE KEPT

ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE & SOCIAL HERITAGE

FOUR OPTIONS

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1. DESTROY THE SHIKUMEN

LOSE THE BUILDINGS AS WELL AS THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

MOST COMMON OPTION, AS IT IS HIGHLY PROFITABLE

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2. DESTROY AND REBUILD

KEEP THE FAKE BUILDINGS, LOSE THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

POPULAR HOTSPOT XINTIANDI USES THIS METHOD, AS WILL THE PROJECT LOCATION

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3. RENOVATE

KEEP THE BUILDINGS, GENTRIFICATION WILL PUSH THE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS OUT

JIANYE LI, PORTMAN HOUSE, TRIED AND FAILED

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4. DO NOTHING

IT WILL KEEP THE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS AND BUILDINGS, BUT WILL EVENTUALLY FALL APART AND LOSE EVERYTHING

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Photo by Gropius Photographyhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/gropius/7987982563/

GOALS

MAINTAIN & RENOVATE SHIKUMENKEEP THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE & ORIGINAL RESIDENTS

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SHANGHAI

HIGH RISE, SHIKUMEN & GREEN

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Client: OCT

Goals; Create profit by redeveloping the cultural and historical valuable area on the bank of the Suzhou Creek

Requirements;Redesign the project location within the context of the existing masterplan500-600 Apartments40-60 sqm per apartment20% commercial functions

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End User; Current Shikumen Residents

Description;Working class, low budget, aging populationValue their social interaction, long time residentsAverage household size; 3

Needs;Small, affordable housing (40-60 sqm)Social space for various activities such as playing cards and ex-ercising.Keeping the walking areas as level as possible

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MASTERPLAN

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POROUSITY

3 AREAS;RENOVATED SHIKUMENPUBLIC PARK & SHOPSRESIDENTIAL TOWER

3 INTERCONNECTING FLOWS

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RELOCATION

RENOVATE & GENTRIFY THE SHIKUMEN

OFFER COMPENSATION TO THE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS IN THE NEW TOWER

ALLOW THE NEW SHIKUMEN RESIDENTS TO INVEST IN THE TOWER

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MONEY

FRIENDS

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MATERIAL PUBLIC AREA

WOODEN FACADE PANELS AND PLANTS

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MATERIAL SHIKUMEN

RENOVATE WITH THE EXISTING TRADITIONAL GREY ANDORANGE BRICK

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MATERIAL TOWER

WHITE CONCRETEGLASS

RENDER BY LUXIGON38

STANDARD HIGH RISE SLAB

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SEPARATE SLABS AROUND CENTRAL CORE

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DIVIDE HORIZONTALLY INTO 3 LAYERS

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MAKE THE RELATIONSHIP HORIZONTAL INSTEAD OF VERTICAL

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EARLY MODEL

3 SLABS

OPPOSITE OF EACH OTHERCENTRAL CORE

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P3 MODEL

2 SLABS

HEXAGON AROUND THE CORE

EAST AND WEST FACADE OPEN

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FORM STUDIES

TWO BUILDINGS BECOME ONE

SLABS GROWN TOGETHER

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FORM STUDIES

IT SEEMS THE SUPERFORM IS CREATED BY CUTTING AWAY PARTS OF THE HEXAGON

IN THE PROCESS, IT WAS CREATED BY ADDITION TO THE SLABS

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DESIGN APPROACH

CONSTRUCTED AROUND A SERIES OF SCALE MODELS BASED ON THE DIS-TANCES AND INTERACTION FOUND IN THE SHIKUMEN

WORKING FROM OUTSIDE IN; THE ROUTE FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE

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TRANSITION SPACE 1

GROUNDFLOOR CONNECTING THE TOWER, SHIKUMEN AND PUBLIC AREA

MATERIALIZATION WHICH PATH BELONGS TO WHICH AREA

“ELEVATOR LOBBY” IS OPEN AND SURROUND BY SEMI PUBLIC SOCIAL SPACES

GROUND FLOOR SPACE IS PUBLIC DISTANCE, WHILE THE SOCIAL SPACES ARE ADJUSTED FOR SOCIAL DISTANCE

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TRANSITION SPACE 2

WALKWAYS CONNECTION THE CENTRAL CORE TO THE GALLERY

ONE FOR EACH FLOOR

FLOORS ARE CONNECTED BY STAIRS AT THE BACK OF THE SPACE

VISUAL CONNECTION AT THE FRONT OF THE SPACE

SPACE ADJUSTED FOR SOCIAL DISTANCE

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TRANSITION SPACE 3

COURTYARDS CONNECTING THE GALLERY TO THE APARTMENTS

EVERY HOUSE IT CONNECTED TO A COURTYARD, SOMETIMES SHARED

COURTYARD IS PART OF THE APARTMENT

NO VISUAL OR PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTION BETWEEN THE GALLERY AND FRONT DOOR ALLOWED

SPACE IS ADJUSTED TO PERSONAL DISTANCE

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DESIGN

YÙJING GONGYÙJADE WELL APARTMENTS

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APARTMENTS

625 APARTMENTS IN TOTAL

BOTTOM ALLEY 261 APARTMENTS

MIDDLE ALLEY 220 APARTMENTS

BOTTOM ALLEY 144 APARTMENTS

THE CONFIGURATION CHANGES AS THE SHAPECHANGES

BOTTOM ALLEY HAS MORE FAMILY APARTMENTS

TOP LAYER HAS MORE SINGLE BEDROOM APARTMENTS

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PHYSICAL VERTICAL CONNECTION

3 VERTICAL ALLEYS CONNECTED BY STAIRS

2 PLATFORMS CONNECTING THE VERTICAL ALLEYS

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ELEVATOR SYSTEM

EACH OF THE THREE LAYERS HAS A SEPARATE ELEVATOR CORE

REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE YOU CAN ENCOUNTER DURING THE AWKWARD ELEVATOR MOMENT

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FLOW OF PEOPLE

ROUTE TIME SPEND IN ZONE

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WHAT KIND OF ACTIVITIES TAKE PLACE?

FROM THE STREET TO THE APARTMENT

文学你好

OUTSIDE LOBBY ELEVATOR BRIDGE COURTYARD LIVING ROOM BED ROOM

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FUNCTIONS

GROUND FLOOR HAS SHOPS

THE DECKS ARE CONNECTING ELEMENTS BETWEEN THE VERTICAL ALLEYS

EAST DECK IS FOR BREAKFAST AND EXERCISE

WEST DECK IS EVENING SNACKS AND MAHJONG/CARDS

FOOD STALLS ON THE DECKS ARE SAFE FROM CHENGGUAN

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GROUND FLOOR

3 LEVELS; PATHS, GREEN, SOCIAL SPACE

-1 SOCIAL SPACE0 PATHS+1 GREEN AREAS

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OPENESS

THE TOWERS OPENS UP TOWARDS THE SHIKUMENWHILE THE CENTER IS MORE CLOSED TOWARDS THE OTHER SIDES

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BRIDGES

THREE SETS OF BRIDGES CONSISTING OF 9 EACH MAKETHREE VERTICAL ALLEYS IN THE TOWER

OUTSIDE STRAIGHT, INSIDE ORGANIC

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FENG SHUI

GEOMANCY, AN EARLY FORM OF ENVIROMENTALISM

WORK WITH THE ENVIRONMENT, NOT AGAINST IT

DUE TO FENG SHUI GUIDELINES, ALMOST EVERY BUILDING IN CHINA IS SOUTH FACING

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FENG SHUI, BA GUA

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PRIVACY ZONING OF THE APARTMENTS

SEMI PUBLIC

PRIVATE

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PRIVACY ROUTE

THE FURTHER THE ROUTE GOES IN TO THEBUILDING, THE MORE PRIVATE IT GETS

AT THE END, THE BEDROOMS, THE MOSTPRIVATE MEETS THE MOST PUBLIC

THE OUTER FACADE WILL BE STRAIGHT ANDANGULAR

THE INSIDE FACADE IS MORE ORGANIC

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N

3RD FLOOR

BOTTOM ALLEY

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N

13TH FLOOR

MIDDLE ALLEY

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N

19TH FLOOR

CONNECTING FLOOR FOR THE MIDDLE AND TOP ALLEY

EAST DECK

MORNING AREA; EXERCISE & BREAKFAST

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N

24TH FLOOR

TOP ALLEY

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APARTMENTS

54 M2TWO BEDROOMSOUTH FACINGPRIVATE COURTYARD

38 M2SINGLE BEDROOMNORTH FACINGSHARED COURTYARD

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BRIDGES

THE SOCIAL SPACES ON THE BRIDGES ARECONNECTED VISUALLY...

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BRIDGES

...AND PHYSICALLY

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LOAD BEARING CONSTRUCTION

WHILE A RIGID FRAME POSSIBLY COULD BE STABLE ENOUGHK-BRACING HAS BEEN ADDED TO COUNTER TORSION AND HORIZONTALDEFORMATION

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LOAD BEARING CONSTRUCTION

RIGID CONCRETE FRAME WITH K-BRACING4000x9100 GRID

6000x9100 GRID

6000x9100 GRID6000x9100 GRID

6400x9100 GRID

5000x9100 GRID

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3D RIGID FRAME

CROSS FLOORS

GRID ADAPTS TO THE APARTMENTS

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CONSTRUCTION BRIDGES

IF LENGTH INCREASES, THE RAILING GETS HIGHER

SUPPORTED ON THE RIGID CONCRETE FRAME ANDCENTRAL CORE

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INSTALLATIONS - SHAFTS

EACH APARTMENT HAS 2 SHAFTS

BETWEEN EACH OF THE 3 LAYERS A HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION SPACE

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DAYLIGHT

SHANGHAI’S LATITUDE IS 31 DEGREES

IN SUMMER, THE HIGHEST POINT OF THE SUN IS 82 DEGREES

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DAYLIGHT

... AND 32 DEGREES IN THE WINTER

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HEATING/COOLING SUMMER

COOLING, USING THE SUZHOU CREEK1.5M BELOW THE SURFACE CONSTANT ~14C

WARMTH STORED IN AQUIFER

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HEATING/COOLING WINTER

HEATING, USING THE HEAT FROM THE SUMMER IN THE AQUIFER

HEATING IS NOT MANDATORY IN SHANGHAI, BUT IT IS NECESSARY

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INDOOR CLIMATEINDOOR CLIMATE

OUTSIDE SOLAR SHADINGOUTSIDE SOLAR SHADINGNATURAL CROSS VENTILATIONNATURAL CROSS VENTILATIONFLOOR HEATING/COOLINGFLOOR HEATING/COOLINGPOSSIBILITY FOR AIRCO UNIT IN FACADEPOSSIBILITY FOR AIRCO UNIT IN FACADECONCRETE FLOORS PROVIDE THERMAL MASSCONCRETE FLOORS PROVIDE THERMAL MASS

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AIRCONDITIONING

AIRCO IS NOT NECESSARY DUE TO FLOOR HEATING/COOLING

IN THE HIGHLY LIKELY EVENT PEOPLE WANTAIRCO, IT WILL NOT DISRUPT THE FACADE

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DETAILS

OUTER FACADE THE GLASS AND PREFAB ELEMENTARE IN ONE LINE, A STRICT DIVISION BETWEEN THEPUBLIC OUTSIDE AND PRIVATE INSIDE

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DETAILS

OUTSIDE SOLAR SHADING IS CONNECTED BY AN ISOKORFINSULATION ELEMENT

THE PREFAB ELEMENT WILL BE ENGRAVED WITH SMALL LINES,DIFFERENT FOR EACH ALLEY LAYER, CHANGING THEAPPEARANCE OVER TIME AS IT GETS DIRTIER

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DETAILS

ON THE INSIDE THE APART-MENTS HAVE BAY WINDOWSMAKING A BETTER CONNECTIONBETWEEN THE GALLERY ANDLIVING ROOM

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THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?

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