3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

The role of microelectronics in capsule endoscopy

O. Alonso and A. Diéguez

Universitat de Barcelona

May 26th, 2010Berlin (Germany)

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Capsule endoscopy is a way to

record images of the digestive tract

for use in medicine.

The capsule is the size and shape of a

pill and contains a tiny camera. After a

patient swallows the capsule, it takes

pictures of the inside of the

gastrointestinal tract.

Introduction

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Introduction

Vision:

CCD/CMOS camera

LEDs

Supply:

Battery / Harvesting

Data Storage:

RF link / Memory

Basic

Functions

Fluorescence:

F. LEDs

Locomotion:

Legs / Magnetic /

Vibration

Advanced

Functions

Basic Functions

Vision:

CCD/CMOS camera

LEDs

Data Storage:

RF link / Memory

Supply:

Battery / Harvesting

Advanced Functions

Fluorescence:

Fluor. LEDs

High Frame Rate:

Compressor

Autofocus/Zoom:

Liquid Lens

Drug Delivery:

Drug Reservoir

Pump / Syringe

Biopsy:

Cutting mechanism

Locomotion:

Legs / Magnetic /

Vibration

Required

Electronics

Required Electronics

LEDs Driver

(Image processor)

LEDs Driver

(Image Processor)

High Voltage Drivers:

Lens Driver

HV Supply

HV Level-shifters

High Integration tech:

Faster

Less power

Less area

Specially Designed

Analog Drivers for:

Biopsy

Drug Delivery

Locomotion

Specially

Designed Analog

Drivers

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Charge Pump

Operational Amplifier

RLC filter

DC-DC converter

VCO

Relaxation oscillator

ADC

DAC

Flip Flop

Current conveyor

Microcontroller

Level-shifter

Image encoders

BUS controllers (I2C, SPI, CAN, …)

PLL

ALU

Modulator

Comparator

Timers

Counter

Half Bridge

LDO

Band gap

Image decoders

Digital Filter

Current source

Sample & Hold

Adder

Logic AND

Introduction

Overcurrent protectorOvervoltage protector

Opto-isolator

DC Chopper

Full Bridge

Three-phase converter

Voltage doubler

Voltage multiplier

Flyback converter

Marx generator

Transformer

Low Noise Amplifier

Fully differential amplifier

Oscilloscope vertical

amplifiers

Logic NAND

Logic OR

Logic NOR

Logic XOR

Logic XNOR

Register

Biasing circuit

Schmitt trigger

Schmitt trigger

Inductance gyrator

Negative impedance converter

Wien bridge oscillator

Precision rectifier

DC voltage stabilizers

Switching regulator

SCR regulator

Feedback amplifier

Ring oscillator

Phase detector

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Printed circuit board

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to

mechanically support and electrically connect

electronic components using conductive pathways,

tracks or traces etched from copper sheets

laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.

PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable.

However, the space required for this solution is too

big.

Miniaturitzation

Microelectronics

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

A. Mercha, B.Parvais -@ IMEC

How it all got started...

1958The First IC

Texas Instruments1961

The First Planar ICFairchild

1947The Point contact transistor

Bell Labs

2007Penryn

Intel

Microelectronics

Microelectronics is related to the study and manufacture, or

microfabrication, of electronic components which are very

small. These devices are made from semiconductors.

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Microelectronics

Miniaturization permits to

decrease the power

consumption. The supply

voltage is reduced.

Miniaturization permits to increase the

density of gates. It permits to increase

the complexity of the new circuits.

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Vector

Dimension (DxL) 10 mm x 30 mm

Operative region Entire GICamera CMOSResolution 320x240 pixels

Frame rate 2 images/second

Illumination 4 to 16 LEDs

Motion Peristalsis/Bioinspired legs

Electronics ASIC :- uC- Motor drivers- Lens driver- LEDs driverRF transceiverCompressor

Sensors Yes

Actuators

Liquid LensFluorescent LEDBLDC Micromotors: - Drug delivery- Tissue sampling- Legged locomotion

OtherActive locomotionImproved vision system

Case of study: VECTOR

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

Case of study: VECTOR

Technology permits to combine

the HV drivers of the autofocus

function with the LV analog

drivers of the other functions.

Vision:

CCD/CMOS camera

LEDs

Supply:

Battery / Harvesting

Data Storage:

RF link / Memory

Basic

Functions

Locomotion:

Legs

Advanced

Functions

Required

Electronics

VECTOR capsule

Basic Functions:

CMOS camera

RF link

Battery

Advanced Functions:

Fluorescence

Autofocus/Zoom

Locomotion

Drug Delivery

Biopsy

Locomotion:

Legs

Specially

Designed Analog

Drivers

Fluorescence:

F. LEDs

LEDs Driver

3rd Rev Meeting17-18 Dec’09 - Tübingen

VECTOR Capsule: ASIC

Only 2 external capacitorsPowering at 3.3V and 1.8V10MHz external clockPower consumption < 30mW@10MHz

uP inside

8kB program memory, 2kB data memory

I2C bus implemented

Additional sensing/actuating capabilities

Vision Sensor Control

WR/RD camera registers via I2C bus

Illumination control

Control of groups of 4 LEDSProgrammable intensity

Interface with RF communications

Reception with specific RX channelI2C bus for sending messages

Timestamp generation