Ozone cci DARDcci.esa.int/.../incoming/Ozone_cci_phase2_dard_v2.1.pdf · 2019-06-27 · Data Access Requirement Document (DARD) Issue: 2.1 – Date of issue: 25/05/2016 Reference:

Data Access Requirement Document (DARD) Issue: 2.1 – Date of issue: 25/05/2016 Reference: Ozone_cci_DARD_2.1

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TITLE:

Ozone_cci Phase-II

Data Access Requirement Document (DARD)

Date: 25/05/2016

Version: 2.1

Phase 2, Task 1

WP Manager: M. Van Roozendael WP Manager Organization: BIRA-IASB Other partners: EOST: BIRA, DLR-IMF, KNMI, RAL, IUP, KIT, LATMOS, FMI, ULB, UofT, UoS,

CHALMERS VALT: BIRA, AUTH, KMI, MeteoSwiss CRG: DLR-PA, KNMI, KIT


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DOCUMENT PROPERTIES

Title Data Access Requirement Document (DARD) Reference Ozone_cci_DARD_2.1 Issue 2 Revision 1 Status Final Date of issue 25/05/2016 Document type D1.4

FUNCTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE

LEAD AUTHOR

Science Leader Michel Van Roozendael

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

Project partner

Mariliza Koukouli Alexandra Laeng Jean-Christopher Lambert Diego Loyola Richard Siddans Georgina Miles Gabriele Stieler Johanna Tamminen Ronald van der A Mark Weber Eliane Maillard Pierre Coheur Catherine Wespes Doug Degenstein Jo Urban Kaley Walker Christophe Lerot

REVIEWED BY

Data manager Diego Loyola

ISSUED BY Science Leader Michel Van Roozendael


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DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD

Issue Revision Date Modified items Observations

0 0 14/01/2011 Initial template Creation of document

0 2 24/01/2011 MIPAS, OMI, WOUDC Intermediate version

0 3 28/02/2011 GOME-2 and GOMOS First draft delivered to ESA

0 4 08/03/2011 ECMWF and NDACC Intermediate version

1 0 12/04/2011 - validation text cut and reorganised for consistency with the rest of the document

- ECMWF needs clarified

- content completed and expanded with full information on Level-1 data, Level-2 data, Level-2 data for Round-Robin and other comparisons, Ancillary data, and ground-based correlative data

Revised version taking into account ESA comments

1 1 29/04/2011 Minor corrections Final version approved by ESA

1 2 31/05/2011 Added information on SMR Document update

2 0 15/12/2014 Version revised to match the content of Phase-2. Information added for:

- IASI level-1 and level-2 data

- METOP-B and NPP/OMPS

- Microwave radiometer correlative data

Document update for Phase-2

2 1 14/01/2016 Added information on HALOE, SAGE-2 and SABER sensors

Document update for Phase-2


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Executive Summary

The Data Access Requirements Document (DARD, deliverable D1.4 in Ozone_cci Phase-2) describes the necessary data sources (satellite Level-1 and Level-2, ancillary data and ground-based correlative data) required to generate and validate the Ozone ECV data products. It includes a detailed description of each dataset and ensures that those data are freely available and accessible for use in the Ozone_cci project.


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Table of Contents

1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7

1.1 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Document overview ............................................................................................ 7 1.3 Reference documents......................................................................................... 7 1.4 Acronyms ............................................................................................................ 8

2 Overview of required Level-1 and Level-2 data sets from satellites ....................... 10

3 Level-1 data ........................................................................................................... 11

3.1 ERS-2 GOME ................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Envisat SCIAMACHY........................................................................................ 12 3.3 MetOp-A and Metop-B GOME-2 ....................................................................... 14 3.4 MetOp-A and MetOp-B IASI ............................................................................. 15 3.5 Envisat MIPAS .................................................................................................. 16

3.6 EOS-Aura OMI ................................................................................................. 17 3.7 EOS-NPP OMPS .............................................................................................. 18

4 Level-2 data ........................................................................................................... 20 4.1 Total column ozone data .................................................................................. 20

4.1.1 ERS-2 GOME ........................................................................................... 20

4.1.2 Envisat SCIAMACHY ............................................................................... 20 4.1.3 METOP-A and METOP-B GOME-2 ......................................................... 20

4.1.4 EOS-Aura OMI ......................................................................................... 20 4.1.5 EOS-NPP OMPS ..................................................................................... 20

4.2 Nadir ozone profile data.................................................................................... 21 4.2.1 ERS-2 GOME-1 ....................................................................................... 21

4.2.2 Envisat SCIAMACHY ............................................................................... 21 4.2.3 AURA OMI ............................................................................................... 21 4.2.4 METOP-A and METOP-B GOME-2 ......................................................... 21

4.2.5 METOP-A and METOP-B IASI ................................................................. 21 4.3 Limb and occultation ozone profile data ........................................................... 22

4.3.1 Envisat GOMOS ....................................................................................... 22 4.3.2 Envisat MIPAS ......................................................................................... 23

4.3.3 Envisat SCIAMACHY ............................................................................... 24

4.3.4 Odin OSIRIS ............................................................................................ 25

4.3.5 Odin SMR ................................................................................................. 26 4.3.6 SciSat ACE-FTS ...................................................................................... 26 4.3.7 UARS HALOE .......................................................................................... 27 4.3.8 ERBS SAGE-II ......................................................................................... 28 4.3.9 TIMED SABER ......................................................................................... 29

4.3.10 AURA MLS ............................................................................................... 30 5 Level-2 data for validation and intercomparisons ................................................... 32

5.1 Total column ozone data .................................................................................. 32

5.2 Nadir ozone profile data.................................................................................... 36


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5.3 Limb and occultation ozone profile data ........................................................... 37 5.3.1 Envisat MIPAS ......................................................................................... 37

5.3.2 Other limb and occultation sensors .......................................................... 39 6 Ancillary data.......................................................................................................... 41

6.1 Surface albedo ................................................................................................. 41 6.2 Ozone profile climatology ................................................................................. 42

6.2.1 Ozone profile climatology ......................................................................... 42

6.2.2 Tropospheric ozone climatology ............................................................... 43 6.3 Digital Elevation Model ..................................................................................... 43 6.4 Ozone UV absorption cross-sections ............................................................... 44 6.5 ECMWF meteorological data ............................................................................ 46

7 Ground-based correlative data for validation ......................................................... 48 7.1 Data on the vertical total column of ozone ........................................................ 49

7.1.1 Dobson and Brewer measurements archived in the WOUDC .................. 49 7.1.2 Dobson and Brewer measurements archived in the NDACC DHF ........... 53 7.1.3 UV-Visible DOAS data archived in the NDACC DHF ............................... 54

7.2 Data on the vertical distribution of ozone .......................................................... 58 7.2.1 Stratospheric ozone lidars (NDACC) ........................................................ 58

7.2.2 Balloon-borne electro-chemical ozonesondes (WOUDC and NDACC) .... 62 7.2.3 Microwave radiometer (NDACC) .............................................................. 66

8 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 68

References .................................................................................................................... 69


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1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose and Scope

This document identifies all the data that are needed as input to perform the project, including

all required Level 1, and if necessary Level 0, products from ESA and Third Party Missions

all Level 2 (ozone) data from ESA and ESA Third Party Missions

all ancillary data

all in-situ observation data sources as well as higher-level products needed for product inter-comparison

historical data archives, currently operational sources and sources due to become operational in next 3 years

1.2 Document overview

For each data source the DARD includes:

information about the originating system

identification of the data class (in-situ, EO, model)

specification of the sensor type and key technical characteristics

information about data availability & coverage (times-scale, geographic, temporal),

source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents

estimates of the data quantity

indication of data quality and reliability

description of the ordering and delivery mechanism

identification of access conditions & pricing The DARD includes detailed requirements for resolving any known data access, calibration, validation and performance issues specific to the satellite ground segment processing and identifies potential algorithm upgrades enabling the regeneration of improved and most accurate input products required for each ECV.

1.3 Reference documents

[RD-1] Regner, P., CCI EO Satellite Data Requirements, ESA publication, November 2011

[RD-2] Product Specification Document of the GOME Data Processor, ER–PS–DLR–GO–0016, Iss./Rev. 4/B, December 15, 2004

[RD-3] ENVISAT-1 Products Specifications, Volume 15: SCIAMACHY Products Specifications, ESA, IDEAS-SER-IPF-SPE-0398, issue 3L, 21.01 2010

[RD-4] GDPS Input / Output Data Specification (IODS) Volume 2: Level 1B output products and metadata, SD-OMIE-7200-DS-467, issue 8, 3 November 2009.


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[RD-5] OMI Level 2 Ozone DOAS Data Product Specification, SD-OMIE-KNMI-298, Issue 1.1, 9 January 2004

[RD-6] GOMOS Product Handbook, European Space Agency, issue 3.0, 31 May 2007

[RD-7] GOME-2 Product Guide, EUM/OPS-EPS/MAN/07/0445, Issue: v2D, March 2009

[RD-8] OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume II, OMI Ozone Products, Ed. Pawan K Bhartia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, ATBD-OMI-02, Version 2.0, August 2002

[RD-9] GDP 5.0, Upgrade of the GOME Data Processor for Improved Total Ozone Columns,

Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, ERS D-PAF, GDP5-ATBD-1, December 2009.

[RD-10] Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Operational Algorithm Description (OAD) Document for Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Total Columns (TC) Sensor Data Record (SDR) Software, September 2014 available at http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00077_OAD-OMPS-TC-SDR__F.pdf.

[RD-11] Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Operational Algorithm Description (OAD) Document for Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Profile (NP) Sensor Data Record (SDR) Software, September 2014, available at http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00081_OAD-OMPS-NP-SDR_D.pdf.

[RD-12] Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for the Sensor Data Record (SDR) Algorithm Limb Profiler Ozone Mapping And Profiler Suite (OMPS) National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project (NPP), available at https://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/docs/ATBD_NASA_LP_SDR_v3.pdf

1.4 Acronyms

ACE-FTS Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer ATBD Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer AUTH Aristotle University of Thessaloniki BIRA-IASB Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy CCI Climate Change Initiative CRG Climate Research Group DARD Data Access Requirements Document DLR German Aerospace Centre ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast ECV Essential Climate Variable Envisat Environmental Satellite (ESA) EO Earth Observation ESA European Space Agency

http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00077_OAD-OMPS-TC-SDR__F.pdf

http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00077_OAD-OMPS-TC-SDR__F.pdf

http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00081_OAD-OMPS-NP-SDR_D.pdf

http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocuments/2014-10/474-00081_OAD-OMPS-NP-SDR_D.pdf

https://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/docs/ATBD_NASA_LP_SDR_v3.pdf


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EU European Union EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute GAW Global Atmosphere Watch GCOS Global Climate Observation System GDP GOME Data Processor GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (aboard ERS-2) GOME-2 Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment – 2 (aboard MetOp-A) GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars IASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer IUP Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KMI-IRM Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales MetOp Meteorological Operational Platform (EUMETSAT) MIPAS Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NDACC Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change NKUA National and Kapodistrian University of Athens O3 Ozone OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument (aboard EOS-Aura) OSIRIS Optical and Spectroscopic Remote Imaging System (aboard Odin) RAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RMIB Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (aboard Envisat) SHADOZ Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes programme SMR Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (aboard Odin) TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TPM ESA Third Party Mission UV Ultraviolet WMO World Meteorological Organization WOUDC World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre


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2 Overview of required Level-1 and Level-2 data sets from satellites

Table 2-1 gives an overview of the satellite data needed for the generation of the Ozone_cci

ECV Data products in Phase-2. Table 2-1. Overview of satellite data required to generate ozone ECV products in Phase-2. ESA products are indicated in yellow while not colored cells refer to products from ESA Third Party Missions and NASA.

Agency Satellite Sensor Period Product Version Subset or complete needed

Volume Available

from Comments

ESA ERS-2 GOME 1995- 2011

Level 1b V4 Complete 1 TB ESA On D-PAF ftp server

ESA Envisat SCIAMACHY 2002- 2012

Level 1b V8.01 Complete 16 TB ESA Current version v8 available now from ftp server D-MM-

PAC

ESA Envisat GOMOS 2002-2012

Level 1 (TRA)

V6 Complete 10 TB ESA On media

ESA Envisat GOMOS 2002- 2012

Level 2 V6 Complete 400 MB ESA On ftp server

ESA Envisat MIPAS 2002- 2012

Level 1b V7.11 Complete 7 TB ESA On ftp server

ESA Envisat MIPAS 2002-2012

Level 2 Complete 6 GB KIT/IMK On ftp server

EUMETSAT MetOP-

A GOME-2

2006- 2016

Level 1b V4 Complete 50 TB EUMETSAT On media and on ftp server

EUMETSAT MetOP-

B GOME-2

2012- 2016

Level 1b V4 Complete 20 TB EUMETSAT On media and on ftp server

EUMETSAT MetOP-

A IASI

2006- 2016

Level 1c PCS Complete 10 TB EUMETSAT On ftp server

EUMETSAT MetOP-

B IASI

2012- 2016

Level 1c PCS Complete 5 TB EUMETSAT On ftp server

NASA AURA OMI 2004- 2016

Level 1b V3 Complete 20 TB NASA On ftp server


OMITO3 Level 2

V3 Complete 2 TB NASA On ftp server


OMIDOAO3 Level 2

V3 Complete 2 TB NASA On ftp server

NASA NPP OMPS 2011-2016

Level 1 V1 Complete 5 TB NASA On ftp server

SNSB CSA -TPM

ODIN SMR 2001- 2016

Level 2 V2.1 Complete

15 GB

ESA / Chalmers

On ftp server (Univ. Chalmers)

SNSB CSA -TPM

ODIN OSIRIS 2001- 2016

Level 2 V5.01 Complete

15 TB

ESA On ftp server (Univ.

Saskatchewan)

CSA -TPM Scisat ACE-FTS 2004- 2016

Level 2 V3 Complete 1 GB ESA On ftp server

or U. Waterloo (databace.uwaterloo.ca)


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3 Level-1 data

3.1 ERS-2 GOME

The GOME level-1b data are required to generate total ozone and nadir vertical ozone profiles. They serve as input for the level-2 retrieval algorithms that will be developed and applied in the project for the generation of the total column and nadir ozone profile ECV data products. Originating system GOME has been flying on-board the ESA satellite ERS-2 which was launched in April 1995 and operated until September 2011. The GOME level-1b data product were generated from the ESA level 0 product at DLR Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) instrument is a 4 channel UV/Vis grating spectrometer observing the earth's atmosphere in nadir viewing geometry. It has a moderate spectral resolution of 0.2 - 0.4 nm and a ground-pixel size of 320 x 40 km2 (960 x 40 km2 for the back scan). GOME was launched on ERS-2 into a sun synchronous polar orbit in April 1995, and faithfully delivers data ever since. In this project GOME measurements in Channels 1 and 2 will be used to retrieve total and vertical distribution of ozone.

Table 3-2. Wavelength range and spectral resolution of the four GOME channels

Channel Wavelength range (nm)

Spectral resolution (nm)

1A 237-283 0.20 1B 283-316 0.20 2 311-405 0.17 3 405-611 0.29 4 595-793 0.33

Data availability & coverage GOME data are available from April 1995 until September 2011 when the instrument was switched off. However as a result of aging problems of the ERS-2 platform, pointing accuracy has been reduced since February 2001. This affects mainly the solar measurements of GOME, decreasing the frequency of good solar irradiance measurements and thereby increasing noise in some products. Further, since June 2003, a permanent failure of the last tape recorder on ERS-2 has limited GOME coverage to areas where direct downlink of data is possible. With the nominal swath of 960 km, global coverage was achieved every three days at the equator and earlier at higher latitudes. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents ERS-2 GOME level 1b data [RD-2]. Data quantity


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Approximately 70 Gb/year (until 2003). Total volume is about 1 TB. Data quality and reliability The data quality is monitored as part of the operational off-line ground segment of GOME at

DLR (http://atmos.caf.dlr.de/gome). For details about the quality of the GOME level-1

products we refer to the disclaimer document and to the GOME Quality Survey pages. Ordering and delivery mechanism These ESA standard GOME products are generated at DLR on behalf of ESA and are freely

available. After registering at ESA EO help and Order Desk, level 1 data can be copied free-of-

charge from a FTP Server. Access conditions & pricing The team has default access to the GOME Level-1 data. The GOME level-1 products are free of charge. Issues GOME level 1 version 5 using the latest calibration corrections valid for the complete GOME mission are needed. Note that the current GOME level 1 version 4 products only contain a subset of the data acquired after the ERS-2 recorder problem in 2003. A revised version is under development and will be available for processing of CCI Phase-2 products.

3.2 Envisat SCIAMACHY

The SCIAMACHY level-1b data are required to generate the total ozone and the ozone limb vertical profile EVC products. They serve as input for the level-2 retrieval algorithms that will be developed and applied in the project. Originating system SCIAMACHY has been in operation on-board the ESA satellite ENVISAT from March 2002 until May 2012. The SCIAMACHY level-1b data product is generated from the level 0 product by ESA and DLR. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY) is an imaging spectrometer whose primary mission objective is the global monitoring of trace gases in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. The solar radiation transmitted, backscattered and reflected from the atmosphere is recorded at medium resolution (0.2 nm to 1.5 nm) over the range 240 nm to 1700 nm, and in selected regions between 2.0 µm and 2.4 µm. SCIAMACHY has three different viewing geometries: nadir, limb, and sun/moon occultation, which yield total column values as well as distribution profiles in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. In this project both

nadir and limb measurements will be used in Channels 1 to 3. The ground pixel size for channels 2-3 is 30x60 km2 (nadir view).

http://atmos.caf.dlr.de/gome

http://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome/gdp4/disclaimer.pdf#_blank

http://www.oma.be/GOME#_blank

http://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome/products/access_gome_prod.php


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Data availability & coverage SCIAMACHY data are available since 2002 and the instrument operation ended by May 2012, when the communication with ENVISAT was lost. Global coverage is obtained in approximately 6 days. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents SCIAMACHY level 1b data [RD-3].

Table 3-3. Wavelength range and spectral resolution of the eight SCIAMACHY channels

Channel Wavelength range (nm)

Resolution (nm)

1 240(214) – 314 0.24 2 309 – 405 0.26 3 394 – 620 0.44 4 604 – 805 0.48 5 785 – 1050 0.54 6 1000 – 1750 1.48 7 1940 – 2040 0.22 8 2265 – 2380 0.26

Data quantity 1.95 TB / year. Total volume is about 20 TB. Data quality and reliability

The data quality is monitored by ESA and results are reported in SCIAMACHY bimonthly report documents that describe the current status and recent changes to the SCIAMACHY instrument, its data processing chain, and its data products. It is the result of input received from the different groups working on SCIAMACHY operation, calibration, product validation, and data quality. The groups contributing to the report are SOST-DLR and SOST-IFE, ESA-ESRIN PCF, ESA-ESTEC PLSO and DLR-IMF. The geophysical quality monitoring is under responsibility of the SQWG and the SCIAVALIG groups. Other monitoring services are summarized at http://www.sciamachy.org/. Ordering and delivery mechanism

SCIAMACHY level-1 data are available from ESA and are free of charge for the team. Access conditions & pricing The team has default access to the SCIAMACHY Level-1 data. The SCIAMACHY level-1 products are free of charge. Issues The SCIAMACHY level-1 version 8 (or higher) data set including the most advanced degradation corrections is required.

http://atmos.caf.dlr.de/projects/scops/

http://www.sciamachy.org/products/Quality_criteria_SCIAMACHY_products.pdf

http://sqwg.physik.uni-bremen.de/

http://www.sciamachy.org/validation/

http://www.sciamachy.org/

http://earth.esa.int/dataproducts/


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3.3 MetOp-A and Metop-B GOME-2

The GOME-2 level-1b data are required to generate total column and nadir ozone profile ECV products. They serve as input for the level-2 retrieval algorithms that will be developed and applied in the project. Originating system GOME-2 is on-board the EUMETSAT satellite MetOp-A which was launched in October 2006. A second GOME-2 instrument was launched in September 2012 on the MetOp-B platform. The GOME-2 level-1b data product is generated from the level 0 product by EUMETSAT. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The GOME-2 instrument covers the same spectral range as GOME with an improved spatial resolution. When operated in full swath, the nominal ground-pixel size is 80 x 40 km2 with a global coverage in almost one day (swath of 1920 km). After the launch of MetOp-B, it has been decided to operate the two instruments in tandem, GOME-2B in full-swath mode and GOME-2A in reduced swath (960 km) mode. In this configuration, the nominal ground-pixel size of GOME-2A is 40 x 40 km2. When combining the two instruments, full earth coverage is obtained in one day. In this project GOME-2 measurements in Channels 1 and 2 are used to retrieve total and vertical distribution of ozone. Data availability & coverage GOME-2A data are available since January 2007 on an operational basis. Likewise GOME-2B data are operationally available since July 2013. Global coverage is obtained in around 1.5 days (in 1 day when GOME-2A and GOME2-B are combined) at the equator and daily on higher latitudes. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents GOME-2 level 1b data [RD-7]. Data quantity 4 TB/ year. Total volume is about 36 TB until September 2014. Data quality and reliability

The data quality is monitored by EUMETSAT and results are reported in Newsletters. Both

GOME-2A and GOME-2B suffer from time-dependent degradation especially in the UV region. Ordering and delivery mechanism

GOME-2 level-1 data are available from EUMETSAT and are free of charge for the team. Access conditions & pricing The team has default access to the GOME-2 A/B Level-1 data. The GOME-2 level-1 products are free of charge. Issues

http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/Satellites/Metop/Instruments/sp_2011011017745548

http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/DataAccess/EUMETSATDataCentre/index.htm?l=en


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The GOME-2 level-1b version 5 data set is required.

3.4 MetOp-A and MetOp-B IASI The IASI level-1C data are required to generate nadir ozone profile ECV products. Originating system IASI is on-board the EUMETSAT satellite MetOp-A which was launched in October 2006. A second IASI instrument was launched in September 2012 on the MetOp-B platform. The IASI level-1C data (geolocated and calibrated radiance spectra) are generated by CNES and EUMETSAT. The data distribution is assured by EUMETSAT. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is nadir looking Fourier Transform Spectrometer associated with an imaging instrument launched on the MetOp series of polar-orbit satellites. The global coverage is twice daily at about 09:30 and 21:30 local time with 14 orbits per day. IASI is a cross-track scanner covering the infrared spectral domain from 645 to 2,760 cm−1 (3.62–15.5 μm) with a total of 30 ground fields of regard (FOR) per scan. The spectrum is measured in three wavelength bands (8.26–15.5, 5.0–8.26, and 3.62–5.0 μm), with a separate detector allowing the continuous spectral coverage with no gaps, and each FOR measures a 2×2 array of footprints characterized by a 12-km diameter at nadir. The apodized spectral resolution is 0.5 cm−1 and each spectrum is sampled every 0.25 cm−1 providing a total of 8461 radiance channels. Data availability & coverage

IASI data are available since July 2007. The global coverage is twice daily at about 09:30 and 21:30 local time with 14 orbits per day. The IASI measurements are taken every 50 km along the track of the satellite at nadir, but also across-track over a swath width of 2200 km, which gives nearly 1.3x106 data daily for each MetOp satellite. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents IASI level-1 product guide http://www.eumetsat.int/website/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dDocName=pdf_iasi_level_1_prod_guide&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&Rendition=Web Data quantity 7 TB/ year. Total volume is about 51 TB until September 2014. Data quality and reliability

http://www.eumetsat.int/website/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dDocName=pdf_iasi_level_1_prod_guide&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&Rendition=Web

http://www.eumetsat.int/website/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dDocName=pdf_iasi_level_1_prod_guide&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&Rendition=Web


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The quality of the IASI Level1 data is routinely monitored by experts at EUMETSAT and at the

CNES Technical Expertise Centre, also referred to as TEC.

Ordering and delivery mechanism IASI level-1 data will be available from EUMETSAT and will be free of charge for the group. Access conditions & pricing The team has access to the IASI Level-1 data through the EUMETCast system. The IASI level-1 products are free of charge. Issues None.

3.5 Envisat MIPAS

The MIPAS Level-1b data serve as input for several level-2 retrieval processors. Within the project, the algorithms for these processors will be compared (MIPAS Round Robin Exercice, see section 5.1), in order to apply the winning algorithm to retrieve the product contributing to the total ozone and the ozone limb vertical profile ECV products. Originating system MIPAS has been operated on-board the ESA satellite ENVISAT from March 2002 until May 2012, when the communication with ENVISAT was lost. The MIPAS level-1b data product is generated from the level 0 product by ESA and DLR. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics MIPAS is an infrared limb emission sounder on ENVISAT, designed and operated for measurements of constituents between the upper troposphere and the mesosphere. MIPAS has several observation modes: NOM (6-70 km; 500 km along track-sampling), UTLS (6-50km), MA (18-100km), UA (40-170km), and various others. MIPAS is a rear looking instrument with the lines of sight approximately in the orbit plane. In the original measurement mode, which was operational from July 2002 to March 2004, 17 tangent altitudes between 6 and 68 km were measured per limb scan. Spectral resolution: 0.035 cm-1 unapodized. The altitude of the ENVISAT orbit is about 800 km and the ground track speed is about 510 km per 76.5 s which are needed to record one full limb scan. The field of view covers about 3 km in altitude at the tangent point. The horizontal extension of the field of view is about 30 km at the tangent point. Since January 2005, due to a mirror failure, MIPAS is operating on reduced spectral resolution mode (0.0625 cm-1 unapodized).


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Table 3-4. Wavelength range of five MIPAS channels

Channel Wavelength range (cm-1

)

A 685 - 970 AB 1020 – 1170 B 1215 – 1500 C 1570 – 1750 D 1820 – 2410

Data availability & coverage MIPAS measures day and night on the altitude range from 6 to 70 km (170 km), pole-to-pole, which gives rise to more than 1000 vertical profiles/day. So far the vmr of 30 trace species, as well as temperature and cloud composition are generated. MIPAS data are available for July 2002-March 2004 and January 2005 – nowGlobal coverage is obtained in approximately 3 days. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents MIPAS level 1b data (ENVISAT-1 Products Specifications, Vol. 12: MIPAS). Data quantity 1.2 TB / year. Total volume is about 9 TB. Data quality and reliability The data quality is monitored as part of the activities of the MIPAS Quality Working Group. Ordering and delivery mechanism

MIPAS level-1 data can be ordered through ESA and are free of charge for the group. Access conditions & pricing All MIPAS processing teams have default access to the MIPAS Level-1 data, which are free of charge. Issues None.

3.6 EOS-Aura OMI The OMI level-1b data are required to generate total column and vertical ozone profiles. They serve as input for the level-2 retrieval algorithms that are developed and applied in the project for the generation of the nadir ozone ECV data products. Originating system OMI is on-board the NASA satellite AURA which was launched in July 2004. The OMI level-1b data product is generated from the KNMI/NASA level 0 product at NASA. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics

http://earth.esa.int/dataproducts/


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The OMI instrument is a nadir viewing imaging spectrograph that measures the solar radiation backscattered by the Earth's atmosphere and surface over the entire wavelength range from 270 to 500 nm with a spectral resolution of about 0.5 nm. The 114° viewing angle of the telescope corresponds to a 2600 km wide swath on the surface, which enables measurements with a daily global coverage. The light entering the telescope is depolarised using a scrambler and then split into two channels: the UV channel (wavelength range 270 - 380 nm) and the VIS channel (wavelength range 350 - 500 nm). In the normal global operation mode, the OMI pixel size is 13 km× 24 km at nadir (along x across track). In the zoom mode the spatial resolution can be reduced to 13 km × 12 km. The small pixel size enables OMI to look in between the clouds, which is very important for retrieving tropospheric information. Data availability & coverage OMI data are available since 2004 and the instrument is still operational. OMI has a daily global coverage except when operated in zoom-in mode. In 2007 OMI started to experience the so-called row anomaly. Two rows seemed to be (partially) blocked. This row anomaly was followed by other row anomalies in 2008, 2009 and 2011. Like the first row anomaly a few rows seemed to be (partially) blocked. But these rows also suffered from reflected sunlight during part of the orbit and earthshine from another scene. These new row anomalies are changing through time. Currently, progress has been made with a correction algorithm for these rows. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Version 003 OMI Level 1B Products [RD-4]. Orbital Swath Pixels (UV1, 13x48 km2; UV2 & VIS, 13x24 km2; Zoom, 13x12 km2) Data quantity Approximately 1 TB/year. Total volume is about 12 TB (until September 2014). Data quality and reliability The quality flags “PixelQualityFlags”, “GroundPixelQualityFlags”, “XTrackQualityFlags”, and ”MeasurementQualityFlags” are available in the data for all possible errors/warning [RD-4]. Ordering and delivery mechanism The data is available via the browsable web-interface Mirador of NASA. Access conditions & pricing The OMI level-1 products are free of charge. Issues None

3.7 EOS-NPP OMPS

The OMPS level-1b data are required to generate total ozone columns. They serve as input for the level-2 retrieval algorithms which are developed and applied in the project for the generation of the nadir total and limb profile ozone ECV data products. Originating system


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OMPS is on-board the NASA satellite NPP which was launched in October 2011. The OMPS level-1 data product is generated at NASA and is available through the NASA’s Ozone Product Evaluation and Test Element (PEATE) web site at http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/omps. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is a complete system including two nadir and one limb hyperspectral imaging sensors to measure atmospheric ozone column and its vertical distribution. The two nadir spectrometers are designed to have optimal performance for the retrieval of total ozone column and low-resolution nadir profiles, respectively. The total column instrument covers the spectral range 300-380 nm with an approximate spectral resolution of 0.42 nm. With an field of view of 110° and a corresponding 2800 km cross-track swath divided into 35 ground pixels, the spatial resolution of the measurements is about 50 x 50 km² at nadir. The nadir profile instrument covers the spectral range 250-310 nm and has a limited 250 km cross-track swath providing a spatial resolution of 250 x 250 km². The limb profiler covers the spectral range 290-1000 nm with a spectral resolution varying from 0.75 nm in the UV to 25 nm in the infrared. It provides profiles of atmospheric radiances with a vertical resolution of 2.2 km between 0 and 60 km of altitude. Three vertical slits allow to record simultaneously three profiles with a spatial resolution of about 110 x 250 km². Data availability & coverage OMPS data are available since 2011 and the instrument is still operational. The nadir total column mapper has a daily global coverage owing to its large cross-track swath, while the nadir and limb profilers provide global coverage in 6 and 3-4 days, respectively. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Version 1 OMPS Level 1B Products [RD-10, RD-11, RD-12]. Data quantity Nadir total column mapper: ~ 350 GB/year. Nadir Profiler: ~ 1.8 GB/year. Limb profiler: ~973 GB/year Data quality and reliability The quality of the OMPS Level1 data is routinely monitored by experts at NASA. So far, the nadir sensors performed within prelaunch specifications. Overall, the limb instrument behaves as expected. However, a 1-2 km error has been identified in the pointing altitude. Ordering and delivery mechanism The data is available through the NASA’s Ozone Product Evaluation and Test Element (PEATE) web site at http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/omps. Access conditions & pricing The OMPS level-1 products are free of charge. Issues None


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4 Level-2 data

4.1 Total column ozone data

4.1.1 ERS-2 GOME

ERS-2 GOME level-2 total ozone data are required for creation of the merged total ozone ECV product. The baseline total ozone algorithm for CCI is the GODFIT-3 direct-fitting algorithm, which has been developed as part of the Ozone_cci Phase-1 project. Alternative (non-CCI) GOME total ozone data products and algorithms are used for comparison and assessment purposes. They are described in section 5.

4.1.2 Envisat SCIAMACHY

SCIAMACHY level-2 total ozone data are required for creation of the merged total ozone ECV

product. The GODFIT-3 algorithm has been transferred to SCIAMACHY as part of the Phase-1 Ozone_cci research and development activities. Alternative (non-CCI) SCIAMACHY total ozone data products and algorithms are used for comparison and assessment purposes. They are described in section 5.

4.1.3 METOP-A and METOP-B GOME-2

GOME-2 level-2 total ozone data are required for creation of the merged total ozone ECV

product. The GODFIT-3 algorithm has been transferred to GOME-2 as part of the Phase-1 Ozone_cci research and development activities. Alternative (non-CCI) GOME-2 total ozone data products and algorithms are used for comparison and assessment purposes. They are described in section 5.

4.1.4 EOS-Aura OMI

The OMI level-2 data are required for creation of the merged total ozone ECV product. The GODFIT-3 algorithm is being transferred to OMI as part of the Ozone_cci Phase-2 research and development activities. Alternative (non-CCI) OMI total ozone data products and algorithms are used for comparison and assessment purposes. They are described in section 5.

4.1.5 EOS-NPP OMPS

The OMPS level-2 data are required for creation of the merged total ozone ECV product. The GODFIT-3 algorithm will be transferred to OMPS as part of an optional activity within the Ozone_cci Phase-2 research and development activities. Alternative (non-CCI) OMPS total ozone data products and algorithms are used for comparison and assessment purposes. They are described in section 5.


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4.2 Nadir ozone profile data

4.2.1 ERS-2 GOME-1

The ERS-2 GOME level-2 data are required for creation of the merged ozone profile ECV product. The baseline ozone profile algorithm for CCI has been developed at RAL and selected as part of a CCI Phase-1 Round-Robin.


The Envisat SCIAMACHY level-2 data are required for creation of the merged ozone profile ECV product. The baseline ozone profile algorithm for CCI has been developed at RAL and selected as part of a CCI Phase-1 Round-Robin. Issues Possible limitations within the quality of the level-1 calibration, requiring dedicated soft-calibrations.

4.2.3 AURA OMI

The AURA OMI level-2 data are required for creation of the merged ozone profile ECV product. The baseline ozone profile algorithm for CCI has been developed at RAL and selected as part of a CCI Phase-1 Round-Robin. Issues Starting in 2007 the so called row anomaly appears in the data, resulting in a partial loss of data/coverage.

4.2.4 METOP-A and METOP-B GOME-2

The METOP-A & B GOME-2 level-2 data are required for creation of the merged ozone profile

ECV product. The baseline ozone profile algorithm for CCI has been developed at RAL and selected as part of a CCI Phase-1 Round-Robin. Issues The METOP-A level-1 data suffer from a significant degradation that may affect the quality of the data. Soft-calibrations are needed to mitigate these effects.

4.2.5 METOP-A and METOP-B IASI

The METOP-A & B IASI level-2 data are required for creation of the merged ozone profile

ECV product. The baseline IASI ozone profile algorithm will be based on the algorithm developed within the O3M-SAF, with adaptations to optimise the consistency with nadir UV sensors. Issues None.


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4.3 Limb and occultation ozone profile data

4.3.1 Envisat GOMOS

The GOMOS Level 2 data are required for creation of the merged limb ozone profile integrated data set. Originating system GOMOS has been on-board the ESA satellite ENVISAT from March 2002 until May 2012. The GOMOS Level 2 data product is generated from the Level 1B product by ESA at FIN-CoPAC (Sodankylä, Finland). Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) is a medium resolution spectrometer covering the wavelength range from 250 nm to 950 nm. It measures attenuation of stellar light in occultation geometry. Although GOMOS measures during day and night, only dark-limb occultations are used in this project. From UV-Visible and IR spectra, the vertical profiles of O3, NO2, NO3, H2O, O2 and aerosols are retrieved. Measurements cover altitude region 5–150 km. Ozone data adequate for atmospheric studies are obtained in the 15–100 km range. The vertical resolution of the retrieved ozone profiles is 2 km below 30 km, 3 km above 40 km, with a linear growth from 2 km to 3 km in the altitude range 30-40 km. It does not depend either on stellar properties or occultation geometry. Data availability & coverage GOMOS data are available from May 2002 until May 2012. Until early January 2005, the daily number of measurements was about 400. After July 2005, the number of occultations has been reduced down to ~280 daily. Summer poles are not covered (absence of night-time conditions). Data from May-June 2003, January-July 2005 and February-November 2009 are non-available due to the instrument technical anomalies. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents GOMOS Level 2 data [RD-6]. Data quantity Approximately 15 Gb / year. Total volume is about 150 Gb. Data quality and reliability The assessment of the GOMOS data quality and reliability is performed part of the GOMOS Quality Working Group activities. The current status of the instrument is documented in the GOMOS Monthly Reports. These are available at

http://earth.eo.esa.int/pcs/envisat/gomos/reports/monthly/. Ordering and delivery mechanism FTP from final archive at DLR. Access conditions & pricing

http://earth.eo.esa.int/pcs/envisat/gomos/reports/monthly/


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The team has default access to the GOMOS Level 2 data. The GOMOS Level 2 products are free of charge. Issues None.

4.3.2 Envisat MIPAS

The MIPAS Level 2 data are required for creation of the merged limb ozone profile integrated data set.

MIPAS level-2 data are processed by ESA/DLR plus by several scientific institutions (IMK/IAA, IFAC Florence, ISAC Bologna, Oxford University, Leicester University). All processors rely on level-1b data provided by ESA. Delivery of Level-1b version (IPF) 5 has started in January 2010

from January 2010 on only level-1b version 5 is available; before January 2010, the level-1b data were 4.61/62 for FR and 4.67 for RR data; reprocessing of older data with IPF V5 will start in fall 2010. The level-2 algorithms differ considerably: IFAC Florence uses ORM which is the prototype code of the ESA/DLR processor (with further functionalities); IMK/IAA uses a Tikhonov-constrained 1D global fit (KOPRA/RCP); Oxford and Leicester use optimal estimation (MORSE); ISAC Bologna uses a 2D-global fit approach (GEOFIT). The level-2 data sets of the different institutions differ by spatial/geographical representation, temporal and spatial coverage, data and error characterization, availability of averaging kernels, and by values.

All datasets have participated in a Round Robin covering a period of two consecutive years, chosen by the consortium to be years 2007 and 2008.

The table below summarizes the characteristics of the datasets having participated in the Round Robin exercise. After evaluation by an independent panel, the KIT/IMK/IAA algorithm has been selected for CCI processing.

Table 4-5. Characteristics of MIPAS datasets having participated in the Phase-1 Round Robin exercise. The KIT/IMK/IAA has been selected for CCI data processing.

IFAC-CNR Florence

ESA / DLR ISAC-CNR Bologna

Oxford University

KIT IMK/IAA

Grid Tangent

pressures Tangent

pressures

Altitude grid independent of the actual

tangent altitudes

Tangent altitudes


tangent altitudes

Altitude coverage 6-68 km 6-68 km 6-68 km 6-70 km 0-120 km

Diagnostics available

Averaging Kernels

Vertical Available for

each retrieval

- - Available for

sample retrievals

Available for each

retrieval

Horizont

al

provided for each

species for tabulated

atmospheric

- Not

available

Not available, can not provide easily

Available for sample

retrievals


Page 24-75

conditions (4 seasons

and 6 latitude bands).

Trace (degree

of freedom)

Not provided

- Not

provided Not

provided Provided

Total Error Estimate Available Available Available Available Available

Random Error

Covariance Matrix Available - Available Available Available

Chi2 Available Available Available Available Available


The SCIAMACHY level-2 version 2.9 data (current version) is produced by applying the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model and retrieval package to level 1-b data (See Section 3.2) to retrieve the ozone limb vertical profile. Originating system SCIAMACHY has been operated on-board the ESA satellite Envisat from March 2002 until May 2012 in a sun-synchronous orbit. SCIAMACHY performs observations in 3 different geometries, i.e., limb, nadir and occultation. The SCIAMACHY level-2 data products are generated from level 1-b data (See Section 3.2). Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The radiative transfer code (SCIATRAN) is employed to retrieve ozone number density profiles by exploiting the Hartley and Chappuis spectral absorption bands (SCIAMACHY Channel 1 and 3). In the Chappuis-bands the triplet technique is used to derive ozone profiles in order to reduce the impact of the scattering term (Flittner et al., 2000; von Savigny et al., 2003). The following parameters like surface albedo, cloud optical thickness, cloud and aerosol extinction coefficient and Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) have strongest effect on the retrieved ozone profiles (Sonkaew et al., 2009). The retrieval is rather insensitive towards changes of cloud water droplets size, solar azimuth angle (SAA), cloud geometrical thickness, and cloud top height for constant cloud optical thickness. Auxillary Data The temperature and pressure are derived by using the ECMWF operational stratospheric analysis data (ECMWF). The ground albedo distribution is extracted from the albedo data base from Matthews (1983), a Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) dataset. High precision integrated albedo data at 1°x1° resolution are available for different seasons. The aerosol extinction profiles are taken from the ECSTRA (Extinction Coefficient for STRatospheric Aerosol) model which depends on altitude, latitude and wavelength and is used as input in the


Page 25-75

retrieval (Fussen & Bingen, 1999). This data base was derived from SAGE II solar occultation measurements. Covariance matrices, diagonal elements of the a priori cov. matrix, and averaging kernels are available in addition to the limb ozone profiles. Data quantity Approximately 200 MB/day. Total volume of level-2 version 2.9 data is about 700 GB. (Ozone profiles: 34 GB, a priori diagonal elements: ~ 10 GB, covariance matrices: 330 GB, averaging kernels: 330 GB) Ordering and delivery mechanism SCIAMACHY level-2 data are available from the Institute für Umweltphysik (IUP) University of Bremen.

4.3.4 Odin OSIRIS

Originating system OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System) is a Canadian device on board the Swedish satellite Odin that was launched in February of 2001. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Odin has a circular, sun-synchronous orbit, inclined 98° from the equator, at an altitude near 600 km, with a 96 minute period so OSIRIS is very near local dusk on the ascending track and near local dawn on the descending track, going through local midnight near the southern pole and local noon near the northern pole. OSIRIS is a limb-viewing device and the Optical Spectrograph (OS) has a field of view that spans approximately 40km horizontally and 1km vertically. It makes repeated measurements approximately every 2km while scanning up and down between tangent altitudes of about 10 km to 100 km. The scan period is around 1.5 minutes which allows nearly 60 scans every orbit. The OS only sees the summer hemisphere illuminated by the sun, except during the equinoxes when the entire orbit is illuminated. The OS measures 280nm to 810nm with a 1353 pixel-wide CCD, with a spectral resolution of approximately 1 nm. Data from the wavelength range of 475 to 535nm is discarded due to contamination from the spectrograph's order sorter. The InfraRed Imager (IRI) consists of three channels that record the limb radiance at 1260, 1270, and 1530 nm. Each consists of an array of 100 photodetectors with a tangent altitude resolution of about 1 km. The IRI simultaneously measures 100 vertical kilometers in tangent altitude. Data availability & coverage OSIRIS Level 2 data covers from 80° S to 80° N for all longitudes. Ozone concentrations are retrieved on a 1km grid from 10.5 km to 59.5 km. The most recent version of OSIRIS Level 2 data product is available from 2002 to 2010. From 2002-2007 Odin’s time was shared with other instruments, so OSIRIS was operational for only


Page 26-75

half time. From 2008-present the other instruments were decommissioned and OSIRIS became operation full time. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents OSIRIS Level 2 Ozone, documents not available. Data quantity The OSIRIS Level 2 data (including aerosol) is currently 5.05 Gb. Data quality and reliability Retrieved scans have flags indicating if they are affected by cloud cover, by radiation hits on the instrument detector, or if scans underwent some otherwise unstable retrieval. Ordering and delivery mechanism Requests for Odin/OSIRIS data access must go through the ESA data user online registration. Access conditions & pricing Access is free of charge

4.3.5 Odin SMR

The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) onboard the Odin satellite, launched in February 2001, makes time-shared limb measurements of strato-mesospheric ozone using several independent bands within the 486-581GHz frequency range. Odin is on a sun-synchronous orbit at about 600km altitude with ~6am/6pm equator crossing time. Measurements of thermal emission lines are performed during day and night and global coverage is achieved during one observation day based on about 15 orbits per day and 45-65 vertical scans between nominally 8 and 70km or 110km per orbit (depending on obervation mode). Vertical profiles of ozone and many other species are retrieved using retrieval algorithms based on the Optimal Estimation Method. Ozone data product The official operational level-2 data are produced by the Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg, Sweden. The currently recommended version 2.1 ozone data product is measured in a stratospheric mode band centred at 501.8GHz and can be obtained after registration from http://odin.rss.chalmers.se. Ozone data retrieved from other lines are also available. The 501.8GHz v2.1 level-2 product provides stratospheric ozone data in the ~12-50km range with 2.5-3.5km vertical resolution and single-profile precision of about 20%. The systematic error is estimated to be smaller than 0.75ppmv. The Odin data set is available from November 2001 until present. The here relevant stratospheric mode measurements have been performed on every third day until April 2007 and on every other day since then.

4.3.6 SciSat ACE-FTS

Originating system


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ACE-FTS is on-board the CSA satellite SCISAT which was launched in August 2003, data is available from Feb. 2004 to present. The ACE-FTS level-2 data products (VMR profiles) are generated from the ACE-FTS level 1-b product (infrared limb spectra) at the University of Waterloo. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The ACE-FTS is a high-resolution (0.02 cm-1) Fourier transform spectrometer measuring from 2.2 to 13 µm (750 – 4400 cm-1). It has a circular field of view and uses 2 photovoltaic detectors (InSb and HgCdTe) with a dichroic element to obtain the same field of view. Operating in solar occultation mode, the ACE-FTS provides detailed profiles of the Earth’s atmosphere for more

than 30 chemical species. More information is available at: http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/ Data availability & coverage ACE-FTS data are available since Feb. 2004 and is still operational. It provides latitudinal coverage from about 85°N to 85°S with complete coverage every 3 months. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Current validated version of processing is v3.0. Data quantity Approximately 1 Gb/year (level 2). Total volume is about 8 Gb. Data quality and reliability The ACE-FTS team maintains an up-to-date list of measurements that have known data quality issues. This list is freely available online on their website at https://databace.uwaterloo.ca/validation/data_issues.php Ordering and delivery mechanism ACE is an ESA third party mission and with data available from: http://earth.esa.int/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=3750 Data is also available from University of Waterloo by contacting Peter Bernath ([email protected]) and Kaley Walker ([email protected]). Access conditions & pricing The ACE-FTS level-2 products are free of charge.

4.3.7 UARS HALOE

Originating system Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) was launched 1991 on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) launched in 1991 with level -2 data with VMR on pressure grid. Data class Earth Observation Data

http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/

https://databace.uwaterloo.ca/validation/data_issues.php#_blank

http://earth.esa.int/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=3750#_blank


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Sensor type and key technical characteristics Solar occultation. Data availability & coverage October 1991 – November 2005 Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents HALOE GATTS V19 HALOE website Data quantity Harmonized HALOE data:

V 19

File version fv0001

177 monthly files with total of 78 MB Data quality and reliability No filtering applied. Quality have to be determined: Here a full citation about two problems in profiles: Link to two problems. Ordering and delivery mechanism Original data can be downloaded from HALOE GATTS: Download Link HALOE Access conditions & pricing The UARS HALOE level-2 products are free of charge.

4.3.8 ERBS SAGE-II

Originating system SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II) was launched aboard the Earth Budget Satellite (ERBS) in October 1984. The ozone profiles are retrieved in number density (ND) on a geometrical altitude. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Solar Occultation Data availability & coverage October 1984 – August 2005

http://haloe.gats-inc.com/home/index.php

http://haloe.gats-inc.com/user_docs/index.php

http://haloe.gats-inc.com/download/index.php


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Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents SAGE II V7 SAGE website Data quantity Harmonized SAGE II data:

248 monthly files with total size of 115 MB size

Harmonized at UBR

Status: file version fv0001 Data quality and reliability Ozone values during Pinatubo period should be excluded. Full filtering and screening have been applied as recommended by the data provider. See ATBD. Ordering and delivery mechanism Download Link Access conditions & pricing The ERBS SAGE-2 level-2 products are free of charge.

4.3.9 TIMED SABER

Originating system The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument is one of four instruments on NASA's TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics) satellite. It has been launched in Dec. 2001 and has been operating until Aug. 2015. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Infrared Sounder. Data availability & coverage January 2002 – August 2015 Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents SABER V 2.0 Website to Documentations Data quantity Harmonized SABER data:

157 monthly files

8.8 GB total size

V 2.0

Fv0001

http://sage.nasa.gov/missions/about-sage-ii/

https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sage2/sage2_v7_table

http://saber.gats-inc.com/documentation.php


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HARMOZ_PRS

Harmonized at UBR

Data quality and reliability 5 of the files have corrupt time values. Ordering and delivery mechanism Download Page We used the reduced monthly Temp_O3 data via specified ftp server: Link to reduced data sets Access conditions & pricing The TIMED SABER level-2 products are free of charge.

4.3.10 AURA MLS

Originating system Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Aura satellite and part of the A-Train constellation, was launched in 2004. The ozone values are VMR on pressure grid. Data class Earth Observation Data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Microwave Limb. Data availability & coverage August 2004 – December 2015 Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Product overview MLS Data quantity Harmonized MLS data: V 3.3

87 monthly files

5.8 GB

fv0001

August 2004- December 2011 V 4.2

118 monthly files

http://saber.gats-inc.com/data.php

ftp://saber.gats-inc.com/custom/Temp_O3/

http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/products/o3_product.php


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18.3 GB

fv0002

August 2004 – November 2015 Data quality and reliability The MLS profiles are of high quality and reliability. V3.3 is fully filtered and screened as recommended by the data provider. In the current fv0002 V4.2 no filtering have been applied and December months are missing. The filtering is now processed and will be delivered for fv0003 (Begin of June 2016). Ordering and delivery mechanism Original data download link for V 4.2: Download site of MLS V4.2 Access conditions & pricing The MLS AURA level-2 products are free of charge.

http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/mirador/presentNavigation.pl?tree=project&dataset=ML2O3.004&project=MLS&dataGroup=L2_V004&version=004


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5 Level-2 data for validation and intercomparisons

5.1 Total column ozone data

A number of total ozone algorithms and data products have been developed from European and US nadir sensors. Although the baseline CCI total ozone level-2 algorithm is based on the GODFIT-3 direct-fitting algorithm consistently applied to all European sensors (see section 4.1), other operational and scientific total ozone data sets are used for comparison purposes as relevant. These data sets are listed and briefly described in the following tables. Table 5-6. ERS-2 GOME total ozone algorithms and data products

Originating system ERS-2 GOME

Sensor type UV-Vis nadir sensor on ESA ERS-2 platform

Data product GDP 4.1 WFDOAS V1

Source algorithm Operational algorithm developed and run at DLR on behalf of ESA, version 4.1

Scientific algorithm developed at University of Bremen (Coldewey-Egbers et al, 2005)

Data availability & coverage

1995-present, global 1995-present, global

Data quantity Orbit data: 78 Gb (hdf5 format) Orbit data: 38Gb (unzipped), daily gridded data: <100Mb (zipped)

Data quality and reliability

Excellent agreement to within 1% with Brewer, Dobson and DOAS (WOUDC and NDACC), see Balis et al., 2007a.

Excellent agreement to within 1% with Brewer and Dobson (WOUDC), see Weber et al., 2005, Fioletov et al., 2008

Ordering and delivery mechanism

ESA standard GOME products are generated at DLR on behalf of ESA and are freely available. After registering at ESA EO help and

Order Desk, level 2 data can be

copied free-of-charge from a FTP Server.

1.x 1.25 degs daily gridded and WOUDC/NDACC overpass data

available at www.iup.uni-bremen.de/gome/wfdoas, orbit

data upon request: [email protected]

Access conditions & pricing

freely available freely available

Issues Upgrade to GDP5 pending Upgrade to V2 pending (SCIAMACHY & GOME2 are already V2)

Table 5-7. Envisat SCIAMACHY total ozone algorithms and data products

Originating system

Envisat SCIAMACHY

Sensor type UV-Vis-NIR limb-nadir sensor on ESA Envisat platform

Data product SGP TOSOMI WFDOAS V2

Source algorithm Operational algorithm, version 5.01 based on SDOAS developed at BIRA (Lerot et al., 2009)

Scientific algorithm, version 2.0, developed at KNMI (Eskes et al., 2005)


http://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome/products/access_gome_prod.php

http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/gome/wfdoas


mailto:[email protected]



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2002-present, global 2002-present, global 2002-present, global

Data quantity Orbit data: ~ 0.95 Tb 1 Gb per year (zipped ascii data)

Orbit data: 90 Gb (unzipped ascii), daily gridded data: <100Mb (zipped)


Agreement to GOME within 1-2%

For version 0.43 an agreement to ground observations was found within 3 % (Eskes et al., 2005)

Agreement to GOME within 1-2%, (Bracher et al., 2005)


Full consolidated data set available on DPAC FTP server. Access may be requested on

http://earth.esa.int/

Data/images available at

www.temis.nl/protocols/O3total.html including overpass data.

1.x 1.25 degs daily gridded and WOUDC/NDACC overpass data available

at www.iup.uni-bremen.de/gome/wfdoas, orbit data upon

request: [email protected]


Freely available Access conditions on



Issues trend of minus 4%/decade until end of 2008 (see Lerot et al., 2009)

Trend of 1 DU per year until end of 2008 (van der A et al., 2009)

trend of minus 4%/decade until end of 2008 (seems to be independent of algorithm, see Lerot et al., 2009)

Table 5-8. METOP GOME-2 total ozone algorithms and data products

Originating system METOP-A&B/ GOME2

Sensor type UV-Vis- nadir sensor on EUMETSAT/METOP-A&B platforms

Data product GDP 4.7 WFDOAS V2

Source algorithm Operational level 2 products generated at DLR in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (O3M-SAF).



2007-present, global 2007-present, global

Data quantity Orbit data: 200 Gb (hdf5 format) Orbit data: 90 Gb (unzipped ascii), daily gridded data: <100Mb (zipped)


Agreement to within 1-2% with Brewer and Dobson from WOUDC (Loyola et al., 2011)

Agreement to GOME within 1-2%, (Bracher et al., 2005)


Off-line and reprocessed products

can be order via the EUMETSAT Data Centre and EO-WEB.

1.x 1.25 degs daily gridded and WOUDC/NDACC overpass data

available at www.iup.uni-


http://www.temis.nl/protocols/O3total.html

http://www.temis.nl/protocols/O3total.html







http://archive.eumetsat.int/umarf/#_blank

http://archive.eumetsat.int/umarf/#_blank

https://centaurus.caf.dlr.de:8443/eoweb-ng/template/default/welcome/entryPage.vm?AppletTab=Catalogue&Service=Vertical-Column-Density&QueryMode=Advanced&ITCs=2007-11-01+00:00:00&ITCe=2007-11-05+00:00:00&autoSearch=no#_blank



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Additionally all products are available

at DLR's ATMOS FTP-server. bremen.de/gome/wfdoas, orbit

data upon request: [email protected]



Issues None none Table 5-9. AURA OMI total ozone algorithms and data products

Originating system AURA/ OMI

Sensor type Ozone Monitoring Instrument (Mapping High resolution Spectrometer)

Data product OMI-TOMS OMI-DOAS

Source algorithm OMI ozone algorithm ATBD available online at http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atbd/ATBD-OMI-02.pdf

OMI ozone algorithm ATBD available online at http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atbd/ATBD-OMI-02.pdf


Global coverage. Data available from Oct. 2004 until today.


Data quantity 48 MB per orbit 11 MB per orbit


Data quality assessment report available at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI/omto3_v003.shtml

Data quality assessment report available at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI/omdoao3_v003.shtml


Data available on line at Mirador: http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/mirador/collectionlist.pl?search=1&page=1&keyword=OMTO3

Data available on line at Mirador: http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/mirador/collectionlist.pl?search=1&page=1&keyword=OMDOAO3



Issues none none

ftp://[email protected]/gome2ol/#_blank





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Table 5-10. TOMS total ozone algorithm and data product

Originating system EP TOMS

Sensor type Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer on board NASA Earth Probe platform

Data product TOMS V8

Source algorithm Version 8 of TOMS algorithm. ATBD available online at

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/version8/v8toms_atbd.pdf Data availability & coverage

Global coverage. Data available from 7/22/1996 until 12/14/2005.

Data quantity Approximately 16 Gb (1.x 1.25 degs daily gridded level 3 product)


Data quality assessment report available at

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/dataqual/data.html Ordering and delivery mechanism

Data available on line at

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/ep_v8.html Access conditions & pricing

Freely accessible at no cost

Issues See data quality assessment

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/version8/v8toms_atbd.pdf

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/dataqual/data.html

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/ep_v8.html


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Table 5-11. OMPS total ozone algorithm and data product

Originating system NASA OMPS research product

Sensor type Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite on the Suomi National Polar- orbiting Partnership satellite

Data product TC_EDR_TO3_L3

Source algorithm OMPS total ozone column ATBD available online at https://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/docs/OMPS_TC_ATBD_RevG.pdf. Heritage from TOMSv8


Global coverage. Data available from October 2011 until present.

Data quantity Approximately 73 Mb/year (1.x 1. degs daily gridded level 3 product)


First comparison indicates a good agreement with OMI (tbc). http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/DEW_NPP_reports/OMPS%20Nadir%20Products%20Report%20%28Jan-22-2013%29.pdf


Data available on line at https://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/omps/


Freely accessible at no cost

Issues None

5.2 Nadir ozone profile data

The following non-ESA nadir sensors will be used for comparison purposes. Table 5-12. NOAA SBUV/2 ozone profile algorithm and data product

Originating system SBUV/2 on NOAA-9, 11, 14, 16 , 17, and 18

Sensor type Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet on board NOAA platforms

Data product SBUV/2

Source algorithm ftp://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/smcd/spb/ozone/docs/SBUV2_V8_ATBD_020207.pdf


Limited global coverage. Data available from 1985 until today.

Data quantity


ftp://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/smcd/spb/ozone/docs/SBUV2_V8_ATBD_020207.pdf


Data will become available on line at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/sbuvto


Freely accessible on line at no cost

Issues ftp://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/smcd/spb/ozone/docs/calibration/

https://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/docs/OMPS_TC_ATBD_RevG.pdf






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Table 5-13. OMI ozone profile algorithm and data product

Originating system Aura-OMI

Sensor type Ozone Monitoring Instrument (Mapping High resolution Spectrometer)

Data product OMPROO3

Source algorithm OMI ozone algorithm ATBD available online at http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/data/OMI_ATBD_Volume_2_V2.pdf



Data quantity 11 MB per orbit


Data quality assessment report available at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI/documents/v003/OMO3PROreleaseInfo.html


Data available on line at Mirador: http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/mirador/collectionlist.pl?search=1&page=1&keyword=OMO3PR


Freely accessible on line at no cost

Issues See data quality assessment

5.3 Limb and occultation ozone profile data

5.3.1 Envisat MIPAS

The table below summarizes the characteristics of MIPAS Level 2 Processors and corresponding datasets having participated in the MIPAS Round Robin exercice during the first phase of the Ozone_cci project (2010-2013). The KOPRA/RCP algorithm from KIT/IMK has been selected for MIPAS processing within CCI.


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Table 5-14. Characteristics of the processors giving rise to the data participating in the MIPAS Round Robin exercise

Code Name ORM ORM GEOFIT MORSE KOPRA

/RCP

Institution IFAC-CNR Florence

ESA / DLR ISAC-CNR Bologna

Oxford University

KIT IMK/IAA

Grid Tangent

pressures Tangent

pressures


tangent altitudes

Tangent altitudes


tangent altitudes

Altitude coverage 6-70 km 6-70 km 6-68 km 6-70 km 0-120 km

Data published

&

Data validation done

&

Data validation published

&

OR – started,

FR - published

OR – started

OR – started,

FR - published

Forward model validation done

Blind test validation of the retrieval scheme

Interactive quality control (*)

Horizontal inhomogenities full gradient

NLTE ( )

(*)

Criteria can vary among different retrieving groups. Available for each retrieval ( ) Available for sample retrievals

Not available & Not explicitely done for IFAC/CNR Florence dataset, but due to the similarity of the dataproducts,

publication and validation of the ESA/DLR product applies in some sens also to the IFAC/CNR dataset. Retrieval setup and algorithm version, however, may be different.


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5.3.2 Other limb and occultation sensors

The following non-ESA limb and occultation sensors will be used for comparison purposes. Table 5-15. SAGE II/ERBS

Originating system SAGE II/ERBS

Sensor type VIS/NIR solar occultation

Data product SAGE V6.2

Source algorithm See: Chu, W.P., M.P. McCormick, J. Lenoble, C. Brogniez, and P. Pruvost, "SAGE II Inversion Algorithm", J. Geophys. Res., 94, D6, 8339-8352; 1989.

Data availability & coverage -70° to 70°, 30 profiles per day, 1984-2005

Data quantity ~1.5 Gb (all products)

Data quality and reliability Considered “gold” standard (IGACO-O3)

Ordering and delivery mechanism See ftp information at http://www-sage2.larc.nasa.gov/ Version6-2Data.html

Access conditions & pricing Free available

Issues Some issues with retrievals few years after major volcanic eruptions (El Chichon, Pinatubo)

Table 5-16. HALOE/UARS

Originating system HALOE/UARS

Sensor type TIR solar occultation

Data product HALOE V19

Source algorithm See Russell, J. M. III, L. L. Gordley, J. H. Park, S. R. Drayson, D. H. Hesketh, R. J. Cicerone, A. F. Tuck, J. E. Frederick, J. E. Harries, and P. Crutzen: The Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 98, No. D6, 10,777-10,797, June 20, 1993.

Data availability & coverage <60°-70°, ~30 profiles per day, 1992-2005

Data quantity ~1 Gb

Data quality and reliability High quality, small 5% bias wrt SAGE II, see also: Brühl, C., S. R. Drayson, J. M. Russell III, P. J. Crutzen, J. McInerney, P. N. Purcell, H. Claude, H. Gernand, T. McGee, I. McDermid, and M. R. Gunson: HALOE Ozone Channel Validation, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 101, 10,217-10,240, 1996.

Ordering and delivery mechanism http://haloe.gats-inc.com/home/index.php

Access conditions & pricing Free available

Issues New data version V20 in preparation

http://www-sage2.larc.nasa.gov/


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Table 5-17. MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) aboard AURA

Originating system EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS)

Sensor type Microwave limb

Data product MLSO3 V3.3

Source algorithm N. J. Livesey, W. V. Snyder, and P. A. Wagner, “Retrieval algorithms for the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 5, 1144–1155,2006.

Data availability & coverage 2004-present, global, day and night, http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/

Data quantity ~12 Gb (incl. O3, T, GPH)

Data quality and reliability Vertical Resolution:

~3 km from 261 - 0.2 hPa

4 - 5.5 km from 0.1 to 0.02 hPa Useful Range: 261 - 0.02 hPa Precision:

~0.04 ppmv from 215-46 hPa

0.1-0.5 ppmv from 22-0.1 hPa

1.4-0.9 ppmv from 0.05 - 0.02 hPa


Available from links provided at http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/, data user registration desired

Access conditions & pricing Freely available

Issues Highest quality above 0.46hPa


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6 Ancillary data

6.1 Surface albedo

Spectral surface albedo data are required as input for the total column and nadir ozone profile retrieval algorithms. These data sets must be available at the UV wavelengths used for the inversion, and at suitable spatial and temporal resolutions. Originating system TOMS, GOME, OMI sensors. Data class Climatological data base Sensor type and key technical characteristics Minimum Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (MLER) data bases derived from the TOMS, GOME and OMI sensors are available and suitable for nadir UV ozone retrievals. Data availability & coverage MLER climatologies are available from TOMS, GOME and OMI. These data sets are specified as global monthly averaged maps, representative for one yearly cycle (i.e. they are distributed in the form of 12 maps for each wavelength interval). Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents The TOMS, GOME and OMI LER climatologies are documented in the following scientific publications: Herman et al., 1997; Koelemeijer et al., 2003 and Kleipool et al., 2008. Data quantity The full data base of GOME LER amounts to approximately 100 MB. Data quality and reliability The quality of the TOMS, GOME and OMI LER climatologies is documented in the respective scientific publications (see above). Ordering and delivery mechanism

LER climatologies from relevant sensors are available from the TEMIS web-site and from the

OMI web-site. Access conditions & pricing Albedo climatologies from TOMS, GOME and OMI are available free of charge. Issues None.

http://www.temis.nl/data/ler.html

http://www.knmi.nl/omi/research/product/product_generator.php?&info=index&product=reflectance


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6.2 Ozone profile climatology

Ozone vertical profile climatologies are required as input for the total column retrieval algorithms. These data sets must be global in coverage, classified according to the total column and be representative for the main sources of ozone variability in both the troposphere and the stratosphere. Within Ozone_cci we use as baseline the ozone profile climatology developed for the version 8 of the NASA TOMS algorithm (see McPeters et al., 2007, and the derived total ozone classified climatology described in [RD8]) combined with the tropospheric ozone column climatology built using OMI and MLS observations (Ziemke at al., 2011)

6.2.1 Ozone profile climatology

Originating system Combination of data from SAGE II, MLS and ozone sondes. Data class Climatological data base Sensor type and key technical characteristics The McPeters et al. climatology was formed by combining data from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II; 1988–2001) or Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; 1991–1999) with data from balloon sondes (1988–2002). It consists of monthly average ozone profiles for 10° latitude zones covering altitudes from 0 to 60 km (in Z* pressure altitude coordinates). Data availability & coverage The climatology is global in scope and available from the web. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents The TOMS version 8 ozone profile climatology is fully described in McPeters et al. (2007). Data quantity Approximately 200 kB. Data quality and reliability See McPeters et al. (2007). Ordering and delivery mechanism

The data base is available from the web (e.g. from the TOMS web site). Access conditions & pricing The data base is freely available. Issues None.

http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/version8/version8_update.html


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6.2.2 Tropospheric ozone climatology

Originating system Combination of data from OMI and MLS observations. Data class Climatological data base Sensor type and key technical characteristics The Ziemke et al. climatology was formed by combining data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and the Microwave Limb Sounder. It consists of monthly mean tropospheric ozone columns provided on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1.25° x 1° (Lon x lat) for all latitudes comprised between -60° and + 60°. Corresponding tropopause altitudes are also provided. Data availability & coverage

The climatology is available from the web (http://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/cloud_slice/). Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents This tropospheric climatology is fully described in Ziemke et al. (2011). Data quantity < 10 Mb. Data quality and reliability See Ziemke et al. (2011) or http://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/cloud_slice/. Ordering and delivery mechanism The data base is available from the web (http://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/cloud_slice/). Access conditions & pricing The data base is freely available. Issues None.

6.3 Digital Elevation Model

A global digital elevation model (DEM) is required as input for the total column and nadir

profile retrieval algorithms. Within Ozone_cci we use as baseline GTOPO30 DEM with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometre). Originating system

http://eros.usgs.gov/ecms/images/common/gtopo30/gt30dem.gif


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GTOPO30 was derived from several raster and vector sources of topographic information. Data class Elevation data base Sensor type and key technical characteristics GTOPO30, completed in late 1996, was developed over a three year period through a collaborative effort led by staff at the U.S. Geological Survey's Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science. Data availability & coverage

The DEM data is global in scope and available from the web.

Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents The GTOPO30 is fully described in the web link. Data quantity Approximately 2 Gb. Data quality and reliability See Web link. Ordering and delivery mechanism The data base is available from the web. Access conditions & pricing The data base is freely available. Issues None.

6.4 Ozone UV absorption cross-sections

Spectroscopic data bases of absorption cross-sections are required as input for the total

column and nadir profile ozone retrieval algorithms. Within Ozone_cci we use as baseline temperature-dependent ozone absorption cross-sections covering the Hartley-Huggins bands

from 270 to 340 nm. Originating system Laboratory data by Daumont et al. (1992), Malicet et al. (1995), and Brion et al. (1998). Laboratory data by Gorshelev et al. (2014) and Serdyuchenko et al. (2014). Data class Spectroscopic data base

http://eros.usgs.gov/ecms/images/common/gtopo30/gt30src.gif

http://www.usgs.gov/#_blank

http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/gtopo30_info


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Sensor type and key technical characteristics BDM data set: Absorption cross-sections are measured in the laboratory using a grating spectrometer and an absorption cell. A capacitive manometer measures the pressure of gaseous mixture in the absorption cell all through the experiment. To allow measurement at low temperatures down to 215 K, a two-stage cryostat is used. For details see Malicet et al. (1989) and Daumont et al. (1992). Serdyuchenko et al. data set: These new ozone absorption cross-section measurements are performed in the solar spectral region using a combination of Fourier transform and echelle spectrometers. The cross-sections cover the spectral range 213–1100nm at a spectral resolution of 0.02– 0.06nm in the UV–visible and 0.12–0.24nm in the IR at eleven temperatures from 193 to 293K in steps of 10 K. The absolute accuracy is better than three percent for most parts of the spectral region and

wavelength calibration accuracy is better than 0.005 nm. For details see Gorshelev et al. (2014) and Serdyuchenko et al. (2014). Data availability & coverage The data are available from the authors and from public data bases. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Laboratory data by Daumont et al. (1992), Malicet et al. (1995), and Brion et al. (1998). Laboratory data by Gorshelev et al. (2014) and Serdyuchenko et al. (2014). Data quantity BDM: Approximately 10 MB. Serdyuchenko et al.: Approximately 36 MB. Data quality and reliability

See author’s references, Orphal (2003) and the ESA Ozone cross-sections review study by

J. Orphal. Ordering and delivery mechanism The data base is available from the web. Access conditions & pricing The data base is freely available. Issues The Brion, Daumont and Malicet (BDM) ozone absorption cross-section data set has been recommended for use in remote-sensing applications, notably as part of the activities of the

ACSO IGACO-O3 committee (see http://igaco-o3.fmi.fi/ACSO/index.html). However the

recent availability of the high quality data set of Serdychenko et al. (2014) which covers an extended range of temperatures has motivated new investigations. In comparison to past historical references such as Bass and Paur (1985), these data sets are characterised by (1) improved wavelength registration, (2) more accurate characterization of the temperature dependence of the cross-section, (3) high spectral resolution, and (4) high signal to noise ratio.

http://igaco-o3.fmi.fi/ACSO/files/2002-ESA-O3.pdf

http://igaco-o3.fmi.fi/ACSO/index.html


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Although the current baseline for CCI total ozone and ozone profile retrievals in the Hartley and Huggins bands is BDM, the eventual possibility of switching to the new Serdyuchenko et al. data set will be investigated.

6.5 ECMWF meteorological data

Originating system ECMWF (European Center for Middle-range Weather Forecasts) is providing forecasts, up to 10 days ahead, of meteorological parameters to the European Meteorological institutes. Re-analysis of these parameters are also available. Data class Meteorological parameters (e.g. temperature, humidity, wind fields, surface pressure, etc.) Sensor type and key technical characteristics The ECMWF general circulation model, T1279L91, consists of a dynamical component, a physical component and a coupled ocean wave component. The model formulation can be summarised by six basic physical equations, the way the numerical computations are carried out and the resolution in time and space. Data availability & coverage The global data is operationally delivered on a 12 hour basis and can be downloaded by the meteorological institutes via dedicated internet-access. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents A full set of parameters is available to ECMWF Member States through the operational dissemination system (see The Catalogue of ECMWF Real-Time Products available at http://www.ecmwf.int/products/catalogue/). As a matter of fact, more parameters are produced and disseminated, than are archived. They are available in Gaussian regular and reduced grid, regular and rotated lat-lon grid forms. Upper air parameters (except humidity) are also available in spectral form. Data quantity Approximately 1 Gb per day. Total amount of data at ECMWF is 150 TB. Data quality and reliability See web link: http://www.ecmwf.int Ordering and delivery mechanism Data is accessible for meteorological institutes of the Member States. Access conditions & pricing The data base is only freely available for meteorological institutes of the Member States. Assessment of needs for ECMWF data by the Ozone_cci teams

ECMWF meteorological data are needed for the retrieval of ozone data products and for assimilation tools that will be used as one of the approaches to data merging. The current status


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of the usage of ECMWF data sets for generating of the ozone ECV products is summarized in

Table 6-18. As can be seen, most retrieval algorithms make use of meteorological input data,

either as a-priori information (when e.g. temperature is retrieved as part of the state vector) or to constrain model parameters used in the inversion process. In addition ECMWF data are also used at KNMI for the assimilation of total ozone columns and nadir ozone profiles. In the latter case, the Operational Data stream is used for data after 2000. For the period before 2000, ERA40 data have been used so far but will progressively be replaced by ERA-Interim data in the course of the project. Ingestion procedures are in place within each team. Table 6-18. Source of meteorological data sets (pressure/temperature) used for generating the Ozone_cci data products.

Source of PT data

Product

retrieved climatology ECMWF data

Operational ERA40 ERA-Interim

Total ozone X(1)

X

Nadir ozone profile X

SCIAMACHY limb ozone profile

X X(2)

MIPAS ozone profile X X(4)

GOMOS ozone profile X

Assimilated ozone products

X

(1) the total ozone algorithm retrieves an effective ozone-weighted mean temperature. A

priori T° profiles are taken from the TOMS v8 climatology.

(2) Some of the reprocessed level-2 and level-3 data used ERA-Interim, however there is a

limitation in the range of altitude covered by ERA-Interim which prevents its use on a systematic basis.

(4) ECMWF data are used as a-priori in the inversion process


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7 Ground-based correlative data for validation Ground-based correlative measurements of the total column and vertical distribution of ozone are performed by ground-based networks of instruments which contribute to WMO’s Global Atmosphere Watch programme (GAW) [WMO TD No. 1384]. Data sets suitable for the correlative analysis of CCI products are collected from complementary instruments archiving routinely their data to the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) and the NDACC networks Data Host Facility (DHF) of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Individual details are given in the following sections. Access conditions and pricing as applicable to the two data archives are regulated by data protocols

available on the archive web sites (http://woudc.org and http://ndacc.org, respectively).

Within the same data archive they are common to the different instrument types and therefore summarised hereafter. Access conditions & pricing The WOUDC and NDACC DHF provide public access to the data, free of charge. WOUDC data are freely available following an implicit agreement of usage that states that:

“The data contained within the WOUDC Data Archive are to be used for non-profit, scientific and educational purposes only. The WMO Executive Council/Committee on Atmospheric Sciences (EC/CAS) Panel of Experts Working Group on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry remind users of the data to acknowledge and honour the following statement. For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge. By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data. In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication. Interested data clients are reminded that the data within the archive must be considered preliminary. While the WOUDC examines data sets for format and ranges of values, the originators of these data are ultimately responsible for data quality, and should always be consulted if there are questions”

As such, it is of paramount importance to include in the acknowledgement section of any scientific publication the appropriate reference to the WOUDC Data Archive and, if required, the specific PI whose station data were most utilized within the scientific publication. Similar guidelines apply to NDACC data. The NDACC data products are provided free of charge, however, the formal NDACC Data Protocol defines guidelines for data access, use and publication, that can be found on the NDACC web site on the Protocols pages. Hereafter we reproduce elements of this Protocol which are of direct relevance to the CCI Projects.

NDACC Data Protocol […] It is the spirit and purpose of the NDACC to foster the broadest possible collaboration among interested scientists, including quick access to NDACC data. However, with any good measurements, the investigators themselves bear the ultimate burden of responsibility for data

http://woudc.org/

http://ndacc.org/


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quality. The NDACC Data Protocol recognizes that, in order to produce a verifiable data product, sufficient time is needed to collect, reduce, test, analyze, and intercompare the streams of preliminary analyses from each of the NDACC observing sites. This protocol is structured to ensure excellent data quality while providing quick data access. This data protocol consists of the following principles: 1) Any NDACC investigator may establish the scientific collaborations needed for the optimum testing and verification of his or her measurements. Such collaborations are, in fact, strongly encouraged.

2) Intercomparison among NDACC instruments is a critical element of the analysis / verification process. […]

3) Since the nature of small-trends detection requires an extremely high level of measurement confidence, the Data Protocol recognizes that multiple seasonal analyses may be required for observations from both individual and multiple sites. It is expected that such a procedure shall yield the verifiable product referred to as “NDACC data” within a two-year period after acquisition. Co-authorship shall be offered on publications resulting from the verification procedure to those investigators participating in the process.

[…]

Special cases will no doubt arise, and will warrant discussion and resolution by the NDACC Steering Committee. For example, such exceptions might include (i) campaigns in the vicinity of an NDACC station for which earlier centralized access to the preliminary analyses described under item (2) would help to achieve the goals of the campaign, (ii) geophysical episodes for which such analyses might be useful in planning a research response, or (iii) satellite intercomparison and validation activities. People who use NDACC data in a publication are requested to include the following acknowledgment: “The data used in this publication were obtained as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org).” Revised: February 17, 2009

7.1 Data on the vertical total column of ozone Ground-based correlative data sets of total column ozone measurements are measured complementarily by ultraviolet spectrophotometers of the Dobson and Brewer types, and by UV-visible DOAS spectrometers. Details are given hereafter.

7.1.1 Dobson and Brewer measurements archived in the WOUDC

Originating system

The WOUDC archive in Toronto, Canada (http://www.woudc.org), contains total ozone

column data from Dobson and Brewer UV spectrophotometers as well as from M-124 UV filter radiometers from the early fifties onwards. In general, spatial and temporal coincidences offered

http://www.woudc.org/


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by the Dobson and Brewer networks are sufficient to cover a wide geographical extent for the validation of a satellite sensor, however, with better coverage over land with respect to sea and over the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere. Total ozone column data from a large number of stations have already been used extensively both for trend studies [e.g. WMO 1998, 2002, 2006] as well as for validation of satellite total ozone data [e.g. Lambert et al., 1999; Fioletov et al., 1999; Lambert et al., 2000; Bramstedt et al., 2003; Labow et al., 2004, Weber et al., 2005, Balis et al., 2007a]. Data class Ground-based remote sensing data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers are based on the same principle. Total ozone columns are determined by the measurement of the differences between the intensities of the solar radiation reaching Earth's surface in the strongly absorbing Huggins bands nearby the ozone UV cutoff. Both systems can be operated in direct-sun or in zenith-sky scattered light mode. Best precision and accuracy are obtained in direct-sun mode. Data availability & coverage To prepare the ground-based data set for trend analysis, we investigated the quality of the total ozone values of each station and instrument that deposited data at WOUDC for any time period after 1995, date chosen to coincide with the beginning of the GOME/ERS-2 mission. For detailed discussion on the selection process and the exclusion procedures please refer to Balis et al. [2007b]. Using this methodology, 36 Brewer and 52 Dobson stations were considered as adequate for the comparisons with GOME/ERS-2, SCIAMACHY/Envisat and GOME-2/Metop-A total ozone column data. These stations are sorted with station number latitude and listed in Appendix I. In the following two figures, the global spread of both sets of networks is represented.


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Figure 7-1. The locations of the Brewer network of stations on a global scale.

Figure 7-2. The locations of the Dobson network of stations on a global scale.

Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Technical details on the Dobson are given in the Dobson Operations Handbook [WMO TD No. 1469]. The Brewer design is documented in [Kerr et al., 1981; 1985]. Data Quantity


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Approximately 46 MB in total. Data quality and reliability The well-established, worldwide network of Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers is generally considered as the standard for surface remote sounding of the total ozone column. Both types of instrument rely on the method of differential absorption in the Huggins band where ozone exhibits strong absorption features in the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum. This technique has been described in detail by several reference papers, see Kerr [2002] and references therein. When Brewer spectrophotometers are properly calibrated and regularly maintained, the TOC records obtained through DS measurements can potentially maintain a precision of 1% over long time intervals [WMO, 1996]. The Dobson spectrophotometer measures TOC values with an accuracy of 2%–3% for solar zenith angles smaller than 75°. The Brewer grating spectrophotometer is in principle similar to the Dobson. However, it has an improved optical design and is fully automated. The ozone column abundance is determined from a combination of five wavelengths between 306 nm and 320 nm. Since the 1980s, Brewer instruments are part of the ground-based networks as well. Most Brewers are single monochromators, but a small number of systems are double monochromators with improved stray light performance. The error of individual total ozone measurements for a well maintained Brewer instrument is about 1% (e.g. Kerr, 1988). Despite the similar performance between the Brewer and Dobson stations, small differences within ±0.6% are introduced because of the use of different wavelengths and different temperature dependence for the ozone absorption coefficients [Staehelin et al., 2003]. The atmospheric temperature seasonal changes result in a seasonal variation of the Brewer ozone data, where the contribution of the systematic offset is less than 1% [Van Roozendael et al., 1998]. Dobson and Brewer instruments might also suffer from long-term drift associated with calibration changes. Additional problems arise at solar elevations lower than 15°, for which diffuse and direct radiation contributions can be of the same order of magnitude. Ordering and delivery mechanism The total ozone column measurements from the World Meterological Organization (WMO) - Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network are downloaded from a dedicated ftp server found on

the main webpage of http://www.woudc.org. The server, ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/, contains a

freely accessible hyperlink to the daily summary files for the total ozone measurements by the global network of Brewer, Dobson and M-124. This file which is always labeled, o3tot.zip and is updated on a periodic daily basis, has a format as described in the accompanying FileFormat_DV.txt and can be found in the following hyperlink:

ftp://[email protected]/Summaries/TotalOzone/Daily_Summary/ The data are downloaded as one zipped file which contains one file per station number, named after the station number. This file undergoes the unzipping process to extract the individual station measurements. Those files are then, via a dedicated computational routine, categorized into three sub-directories depending whether the station includes a Brewer, a Dobson or a M-124 instrument. In cases where two kinds of instruments operate in a single station, such as the case of Hohenpeissenberg, two files are created in the appropriate subdirectories. The data at this stage are also undergoing a standard quality and continuity check as discussed elsewhere in this document.

http://www.woudc.org/

ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/

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The column headers and descriptions for file OZTOT.DAT contained within the O3TOT.ZIP file for ozone "Daily Values" are as follows: Each daily record should be 29 characters long string as follows: SSSYYYYMMDDHHGGLSXXXEEEIINNNN

- SSS is the same as the WOUDC Platform ID (position 1-3)

- YYYY is year (position 4-7)

- MM is month (position 8-9)

- DD is day (position: 10-11)

- HH is the start hour of the observation (position 12-13 - may be blank)

- GG is the finish hour of observation (if HH value is given) , or either the representative hour of observation, or number of Observations (position 14-15)

- L is wavelength pair - typically AD pair for Dobson coded 0, coded 8 for Filter instruments and coded 9 for Brewer instruments) (position 16)

- S is the Observation type - typically Direct Sun (DS) coded 0) (position 17)

- XXX is the total column ozone amount in Dobson units (position 18-20)

- EEE is reserved for ozone standard error - presently blank ((position 21-23)

- II is the instrument type (1=Brewer, 3=Dobson, 4=Japanese Dobson, 9=Filter) (position 24-25)

- NNNN is the instrument serial number (Note: Japanese Dobson numbers are 4 digit numbers) (position 26-29)

Access conditions & pricing See WOUDC and NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data. Issues None

7.1.2 Dobson and Brewer measurements archived in the NDACC DHF

We consider here the same Dobson and Brewer instruments as those contributing to WOUDC (see previous section), but at NDACC stations only. As such, they have to comply with NDACC procedures, formal protocols and networking rules. Data format is also slightly different, fostering the availability of ancillary data and of all individual measurements (which enhances capabilities for satellite validation), as opposed to other data archives requiring the availability of daily means. Access conditions & pricing See WOUDC and NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data.


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7.1.3 UV-Visible DOAS data archived in the NDACC DHF

Originating system Passive ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy using scattered sunlight as a source has been progressively developed since the late seventies as a powerful remote-sensing technique for the unattended long-term monitoring of stratospheric and tropospheric trace gases. Currently, about 25 UV-visible DOAS spectrometers measure twice daily the total ozone column at twilight, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. They perform network operation in the framework of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The NDACC is an international activity, involving and requiring the participation of scientists around the world. It has been endorsed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Ozone Commission (IO3C) of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP). It has also been recognized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as a major contributor to WMO’s Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). Data class Ground-based remote sensing Sensor type and key technical characteristics Several trace constituents, such as ozone, NO2, O4, H2O, BrO and OClO, can be detected from UV-visible zenith-sky observations at twilight [e.g., Brewer et al., 1973; Noxon et al., 1979; Solomon et al., 1987; Pommereau and Goutail, 1988]. Observations of the zenith-scattered radiation are performed by grating spectrometers of various designs (see references below). The zenith-sky geometry offers enhanced sensitivity to weak absorbers in the stratosphere. Based on the technique pioneered by Dobson [1957], the retrieval method, referred to as the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), consists of studying the narrow absorption features of the species, after removal of the broad band signal due to scattering processes. A differential optical thickness is calculated as the logarithm of the ratio between the actual zenith-sky spectrum and a reference recorded at lower SZA. Column densities along the optical path, or apparent slant columns, are derived by an iterative least squares procedure, fitting the observed differential optical thickness with high resolution differential absorption cross-sections measured in the laboratory and convolved with the instrument slit function. The apparent slant column amount of ozone is derived by DOAS analysis in the Chappuis band of ozone (between 470 and 540 nm). The DOAS analysis procedure includes simultaneous fitting of interfering species (NO2, H2O, O4) and of the rotational Raman scattering (the Ring effect). Apparent slant columns are converted into vertical columns using a geometrical enhancement factor, or air mass factor (AMF). This AMF is calculated with a radiative transfer model assuming vertical distributions of the target absorber and of the atmospheric constituents controlling the path of the solar radiation into the atmosphere. This UV-visible measurement technique has been widely used in atmospheric chemistry and physics, and validated through a number of intercomparison exercises as well as through various contributions to the validation of atmospheric chemistry satellite missions like ERS-2 GOME, the TOMS N7/M3/EP/AD series, Envisat, OMI, and MetOp GOME-2. Data availability & coverage Most of instruments perform twice daily measurement of the total ozone column. They are

distributed geographically from the Arctic to the Antarctic (see Figure 7-3). One main


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advantage of UV-visible spectroscopy based on measurements of the zenith-scattered sunlight, is to allow automated daily measurements of ozone even under moderate cloud cover, and year-round up to the polar circles and even beyond.

Figure 7-3. The network of UV-visible DOAS spectrometers archiving ozone column data to the NDACC DHF, on top of the GOME global ozone field of October 15, 2010 (source Environment Canada).

Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents N.A. Data quantity Approximately 100 MB/year. Data quality and reliability In general, the emphasis within NDACC is on long-term measurements and global studies including multi-missions satellite validation, which require a long term dedicated approach to the maintenance of the quality of the measurements and the archiving of data. To get – and keep – certification for the NDACC, UV-visible instruments have to comply with a list of quality criteria defined in a formal protocol. The UV/Vis Protocol can be found on the “Protocols” page of the

NDACC web site (http://ndacc.org ), under Appendix VII - UV/Vis Instruments.

The process of certifying a new UV/Vis observing system of the NDACC involves two major steps: (1) an evaluation of the instrument design and of the available data analysis tools, and (2) the formal participation to a blind or semi-blind instrument intercomparison campaign. Full certification is granted to instruments and measuring groups that fulfil a set of general and specific criteria defined in the Protocol. Generally speaking, the accuracy of UV/Vis data products (e.g. NO2 vertical columns derived from zenith measurements) is determined by several factors:

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measurement accuracy (random and systematic), which is primarily determined by instrumental factors, but also by the quality of molecular absorption cross-sections used in the retrieval process;

the accuracy of air mass factor (AMF) calculations, which depend on (a) the suitability of radiative transport models used to simulate sky radiances and (b) the choice of the atmospheric data bases used as an input (e.g. atmospheric temperature, pressure and ozone profiles);

other uncertainties due to effects not explicitly treated in the inversion process (e.g. scattering by clouds and aerosols, inelastic scattering (Ring effect) or polarisation).

For total column measurements of ozone, the limiting accuracy of the most accurate instruments operating at clean sites is determined by the accuracy of the AMF calculations and the accuracy of the calculation of the residual amount in the reference spectrum.

Further details, as well as the description and references for all UV-visible instruments contributing to this CCI Ozone project, are given in:

Hofmann, D., P. Bonasoni, M. De Maziere, F. Evangelisti, G. Giovanelli, A. Goldman, F. Goutail, J. Harder, R. Jakoubek, P. Johnston, J. Kerr, W. Matthews, T. McElroy, R. McKenzie, G. Mount, U. Platt, JP. Pommereau, A. Sarkissian, P. Simon, S. Solomon, J. Stutz, A. Thomas, M. Van Roozendael, and E. Wu, Intercomparison of UV/visible spectrometers for measurements of stratospheric NO2 for the network for the detection of stratospheric change, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,765, 1995.

Vaughan, G., H.K. Roscoe, L.M. Bartlett, F.M. O'Connor, A. Sarkissian, M. Van Roozendael, J.C. Lambert, P.C. Simon, K. Karlsen, B.A. Kastad Hoiskar, D.J. Fish, R.L. Jones, R. Freshwater, J.P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, S.B. Andersen, D.J. Drew, P.A. Hughes, D. Moore, J. Mellqvist, E. Hegels, T. Klupfel, F. Erle, K. Pfeilsticker and U. Platt, An intercomparison of ground-based UV-visible sensors of ozone and NO2, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1411-1422, 1997.,

Roscoe, H.K., P.V. Johnston, M. Van Roozendael, A. Richter, A. Sarkissian, J. Roscoe, K.E. Preston, J.-C. Lambert, C. Hermans, W. De Cuyper, S. Dzienus, T. Winterrath, J. Burrows, F. Goutail, J.-P. Pommereau, E. D’Almeida, J. Hottier, C. Coureul, D. Ramon, I. Pundt, L.M. Bartlett, C.T. McElroy, J.E. Kerr, A. Elokhov, G. Giovanelli, F. Ravegnani, M. Premuda, I. Kostadinov, F. Erle, T. Wagner, K. Pfeilsticker, M. Kenntner, L.C. Marquard, M. Gil, O. Puentedura, M. Yela, W. Arlander, B.A. Kåstad Høiskar, C.W. Tellefsen, K. Karlsen Tørnkvist, B. Heese, R.L. Jones, S.R. Aliwell, and R.A. Freshwater, Slant column measurements of O3 and NO2 during the NDSC intercomparison of zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers in June 1996, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Vol. 32, pp. 281-314, 1999.

Vandaele, A.C., C. Fayt, F. Hendrick, C. Hermans, F. Humbled, M. Van Roozendael, M. Gil, M. Navarro, O. Puentedura, M. Yela, G. Braathen, K. Stebel, K. Tørnkvist, P. Johnston, K. Kreher, F. Goutail, A. Mieville, J.-P. Pommereau, S. Khaikine, A. Richter, H. Oetjen, F. Wittrock, S. Bugarski, U. Friess, K. Pfeilsticker, R. Sinreich, T. Wagner, G. Corlett, R. Leigh, An intercomparison campaign of ground-based UV-Visible measurements of NO2, BrO, and OClO slant columns. I. Methods of analysis and results for NO2, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005423, 2005.

Ordering and delivery mechanism The NDACC Data Host Facility (DHF) provides public data access. See http://ndacc.org Access conditions & pricing See WOUDC and NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data.


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Issues None


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7.2 Data on the vertical distribution of ozone

The vertical distribution of ozone is measured complementarily by ground-based stratospheric ozone lidars and by balloon-borne electrochemical ozonesondes. Those ground-based instruments are operated in networks which contribute to WMO’s Global Atmosphere Watch programme (GAW) [WMO TD No. 1384]. Data sets suitable for the correlative analysis of CCI products are collected from the Data Host Facility (DHF) of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC). The geographical distribution of ozone profile instruments

having archived data to the WOUDC and NDACC DHF in the Envisat era is displayed in Figure 7-4, on top of an illustrative global field of total ozone. Further details regarding the availability

of data suitable for the validation of CCI products are given hereafter.

Figure 7-4. Geographical distribution of ground-based lidar and ozonesonde stations having archived regularly ozone profile data to the NDACC DHF and/or the WOUDC in the Envisat era.

7.2.1 Stratospheric ozone lidars (NDACC)

Originating system Lidar spectroscopy is an analytical technique with a long history in environmental science and chemistry. This method has been used widely in atmospheric chemistry and has a heritage in ground-based as well as space-based instruments. The NDACC has accepted lidar measurement techniques as valid methods for measuring and monitoring stratospheric ozone, temperature, and aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor. Atmospheric ozone profiles from around 12-18 km up to 45–50 km can be measured using the DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique [Mégie et al., 1977]. In NDACC there are thirteen DIAL systems dedicated to the measurement of stratospheric ozone at fixed locations, and one mobile DIAL system.


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Data class Ground-based remote sensing data Sensor type and key technical characteristics The basic principle of the DIAL technique is to transmit two short laser pulses vertically into the atmosphere, one having a wavelength in an absorption band of ozone (typically 308 nm) and the other not absorbed by ozone – or not so strongly absorbed (typically 355 nm). The light is scattered by the atmospheric molecules and particles, and a fraction is collected back on the ground with a telescope. Knowing the speed of light, the distance to a scattering molecule or particle is deduced from the travel time of the photons on their way upward and then back to the lidar. The light collected by the lidar telescope is geometrically and spectrally separated (e.g., with optical filters and beam splitters) and detected with photosensitive devices (photomultipliers, abbreviated PMTs) where it is converted to electro-photon counts, the so-called “lidar signals”. The signals are sampled in time (i.e., distance) and after various corrections are proportional to the product of the number of photons emitted by the number of backscattering molecules. This proportionality is expressed by the so-called “lidar equation”. This equation is the starting point for the retrieval of many atmospheric properties. The ozone number density can be retrieved from the difference in slope between the absorbed and non-absorbed (reference) backscattered laser signals. Following major volcanic eruptions, it is necessary to avoid corruption of the backscattered signal caused by enhanced aerosols. Nitrogen Raman scattering can be used with the DIAL principle to derive ozone in the lower stratosphere under these conditions. The lidars involved in the NDACC differ by the size of their receiver telescope and their laser power, i.e., power–aperture product. However, these differences do not significantly affect the derivation methodology and their main effect is on the level of the counting noise that only restricts the altitude range of the measurement or the integration time for a given accuracy. In addition, many variations in the actual lidar implementations can be noted, which can explain the differences observed between the various lidars involved in the NDACC. The review by Keckhut et al. [2004] describes briefly the different stratospheric ozone instruments accepted for NDACC, gives appropriate references, and summaries the results of validation exercises carried out in the framework of NDACC. Data availability & coverage The geographical distribution of stratospheric ozone lidars having archived regularly data to the

NDACC DHF in the Envisat era is displayed in Figure 7-4. The availability of lidar data records

at DHF in the 1991-2010 era is displayed in Table 7-19. NDACC stratospheric ozone lidars

operate only by clear-sky nights. Some of them perform measurements systematically, weather permitting, while others operate only on campaign basis or if resources permit. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents This documentation is available on http://ndacc.org Data quantity One file of the order of 50-100 kB is produced by night of measurement. NDACC stratospheric ozone lidars operate only by clear-sky nights. Some of them perform measurements systematically, weather permitting, while others operate only on campaign basis or if resources permit.


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Data quality and reliability To ensure quality and consistency of the NDACC lidars operation and products, a number of protocols have been formulated covering such topics as validation, measurements and instruments intercomparisons, and theory and analysis. The members of the NDACC Lidar Working Group (LWG) are committed to follow the principles of these protocols, and the LWG meets every two years to review and coordinate the activities necessary to the valuable contribution of the lidars to NDACC. Lidar Investigators must provide the following information:

A document describing the instrument and data acquisition procedures. A document describing the algorithm to be used, including the forward and retrieval

models, the method of error analysis, and the ancillary data (spectroscopic data, atmospheric parameters) used for the inversion.

The validation record of the instrument.

In addition, NDACC lidar Instrument Investigators are required to participate in ongoing validation exercises such as algorithm intercomparisons and satellite data long-term analysis. On average, the ozone measurement bias achieved by NDACC lidars is around 5-10% below 20 km for instruments without Raman channels and 5% for instruments with Raman channels, around 2% at altitudes within 20-35 km, and around 5-10% at altitudes above 40 km [Keckhut et al., 2004]. The ozone measurement precision achieved by NDACC lidars is around 1% up to 30 km, 2–5% at 40 km and 5–25% at 50 km. The network of NDACC lidars can, in principle, be considered as homogeneous within ±2% between 20–35 km. Ordering and delivery mechanism The NDACC Data Host Facility provides public access to the data. Access conditions & pricing See WOUDC and NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data. Issues None


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Table 7-19. Availability of lidar ozone profile data in the NDACC DHF [from NDACC website]


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7.2.2 Balloon-borne electro-chemical ozonesondes (WOUDC and NDACC)

Originating system Ozonesondes were introduced into atmospheric science in the 1960s [Brewer and Milford, 1960; Komhyr, 1964, 1967, 1969] and have had a long development history. The ozonesonde is balloon-borne instrument of light weight that is coupled to a meteorological radiosonde. It measures the vertical profile of pressure, temperature and humidity (PTU) as the balloon ascends through the atmosphere. During the ascent the ozonesonde/radiosonde package telemeters ozone and PTU data – and also sometimes wind direction and speed – to a ground receiving station through the radiosonde transmitter. These in situ instruments using balloon platforms are unique in providing ozone profiles at vertical resolution of about 150 m in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, with maximum altitudes at balloon burst, usually near 30 km. In the framework of WMO’s Global Atmosphere Watch [WMO TD No.1384], there is a network of global ozone sounding stations which partially overlaps the NDACC network. Data class In situ measurement from lightweight meteorological balloons Sensor type and key technical characteristics The heart of the ozonesonde is an electrochemical concentration cell that senses ozone as is reacts with a dilute solution of potassium iodide to produce a weak electrical current proportional to the ozone concentration of the sampled air according to the following redox reaction:

Ambient air is continuously forced into the sensing cell by a battery driven sampling pump. An electrical current is generated proportional to the mass flow rate of ozone through the cell. By knowing the volume flow rate and temperature, the electrical current can be converted to an ozone concentration under the assumption that the ozone reaction with potassium iodide is quantitatively known. Long term monitoring networks of ozone sounding stations as well as project dedicated networks have developed optimal practices over the years. Within these networks three different types of ozonesondes are still employed: electrochemical concentration cell (ECC), Brewer Mast (BM), and the Japanese KC sonde. The ECC ozonesonde was developed by Komhyr [1969, 1971]. It consists of two half cells, made of Teflon, which serve as cathode and anode chamber, respectively. Both half cells contain a platinum mesh serving as electrodes. They are immersed in potassium iodide solution of different concentrations. The two chambers are linked together by an ion bridge in order to provide an ion pathway and to prevent mixing of the cathode and anode electrolytes. In contrast to the Brewer-Milford type of electrochemical ozone sensors (see below), the ECC does not require an external electrical potential. ECC ozonesondes are now the most widely used ozonesonde type. Two companies produce ECC sondes, Science Pump Corporation (SPC) and ENSCI Corporation. The two manufacturers recommend their own procedures, which differ slightly. These along with expertise gained in the operational ozonesonde networks, such as NDACC, and comparisons organized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have


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been used to improve these recommendations. These improvements have evolved to a stage where the publication of SOPs for ECC ozonesondes will be made available soon by the WMO. The Brewer-Mast sonde evolved from the Oxford-Kew ozonesonde developed by Brewer and Milford (1960). The Brewer-Milford type ozone sensor consisted of a single electrochemical cell with a silver anode and platinum cathode immersed in an alkaline potassium iodide solution. The Brewer-Mast sondes were manufactured by the Mast Keystone Corporation (Reno, Nevada, USA) and its predecessor the Mast Development Corporation. Since 1976, a document defining the SOPs for the Brewer-Mast ozonesonde has been available. It defines the different steps to complete proper and reproducible ozone profiles with BM sondes. Brewer-Mast sondes have constituted several long-term data records of interest. Presently only one station (Hohenpeissenberg) is still using Brewer-Mast ozonesondes operationally. The third still active instrument is the Japanese sonde KC92 [Kobayashi et al., 1966; Fujimoto et al., 2004]. This ozonesonde type is based on a modified version of the carbon-iodine ozone sensor [Komhyr, 1969]. The ozone sensor is an electrochemical cell containing a platinum gauze as cathode and an activated carbon anode immersed in an aqueous neutral potassium iodide/potassium bromide solution. Successive versions (KC-68, RSII-KC79, KC92…) of this instrument have been used by the Japanese Meteorological Agency and produced long-term data records of interest at several sounding stations, however, KC92 sondes are now being replaced by ECC sondes. No other stations have used KC sondes. Data availability & coverage The geographical distribution of ozonesondes archiving regularly data to the WOUDC and

NDACC DHF is displayed in Figure 7-4. Ozonesonde data records with clear interest for this

CCI-Ozone project are listed in Table 7-20.

Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Ozonesonde data format was discussed extensively at the Ozonesonde WG meeting in February 2009 in Jülich, Germany. A working group was formed at that time to complete the work done there and to provide a document to describe the format and provide example files. The format is based on the NASA/AMES 2160 format and efforts are taken to standardize this format amongst all stations to avoid the need for a multiplicity of readers to access NDACC ozonesonde data. The relevant documents are posted on the ozonesonde working group web site. NDACC investigators will be encouraged to submit all new data with the revised format, and, although not required, to consider resubmitting all their previous data in the new format.

This documentation and other relevant information are available on http://woudc.org and

http://ndacc.org

Data quantity One file of the order of 50 kB is produced by ozonesonde flight. Some stations launch an ozonesonde twice a week, others only once a month, others only during special events (e.g. ozone hole season) or campaigns. Data quality and reliability Many intercomparisons between different ozonesonde types and reference instruments have been conducted over the last 40 years [Attmannspacher and Dütsch, 1970; 1981; Barnes et al., 1985; Hilsenrath et al. 1986; Kerr et al., 1994; Beekmann et al.,1994; 1995; Komhyr et al.,

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1995a; 1995b; Reid et al., 1996; Boyd et al., 1998; Johnson et al., 2002; Fioletov et al. 2006; Terao and Logan, 2007; Smit et al., 2007; Deshler et al., 2008; Stübi et al. 2008]. Therefore, this is a proven technique which doesn't require further justification to be accepted as a reference instrument and as a validation source. The peculiarity of ozonesondes is that every instrument is usually new and flown only once. Therefore, the notion of a reference/standard instrument has to be interpreted differently than for other types of instruments. In the case of ozonesondes, the main emphasis is on the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for preparation of the instruments for flight, and on the data processing. The WMO has attributed the role of the world calibration center for ozonesondes (WCCOS) to the Research Center in Jülich. The primary goals of the WCCOS are to promote understanding of the instrument, to establish well documented SOPs, and to assess differences in instrument manufacturers and in variations of SOPs in use. The WCCOS along with NDACC investigators were instrumental in establishing the guidelines behind the presently recommended SOPs which should be available on the WMO web site soon. At that time this document will be cross linked from the NDACC ozonesonde web site. WCCOS continues to periodically test the quality of ECC ozonesondes provided by the two manufacturers. The role of the WCCOS is endorsed by the NDACC ozonesonde working group and there is a good collaboration between NDACC and WCCOS. From recent laboratory [Smit et al., 2007, WMO TD No. 1218 and 1225] and field [Deshler et al., 2008] experiments, it can be concluded that, if the SOPs are strictly followed, the variability (precision) between sondes is estimated to be ± 0.1 mPa in the troposphere and ± 0.2 mPa (± 2%), that is, very reproducible and consistent results. Ordering and delivery mechanism The NDACC Data Host Facility provides public access to the data. Access conditions & pricing See WOUDC and NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data. Issues None


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Table 7-20. Availability of ozonesonde data records in the WOUDC in the ERS-2/Envisat timeframe: station, country code, latitude, longitude, instrument type (ECC/Brewer or Mast), instrument model, first and last date of measurement as of 31.12.2009 [from information retrieved from the WOUDC]

ALERT / ALERT GAW LAB CAN 82,49 -62,42 MSC ECC 6A 6/01/2000 1/02/2005 20/08/2007

ALERT / ALERT GAW LAB CAN 82,49 -62,42 MSC ECC Z 17/05/2001 31/12/2008 20/07/2009

EUREKA / EUREKA LAB CAN 80,04 -86,175 MSC ECC 6A 31/03/1999 8/12/2004 18/02/2008

EUREKA / EUREKA LAB CAN 80,04 -86,175 MSC ECC Z 1/11/2000 3/12/2008 10/03/2009

NY ALESUND NOR 78,933 11,883 AWI-NA ECC 6A 20/11/1996 4/10/2006 18/10/2006

THULE GRL 76,53 -68,74 DMI ECC na 11/01/1995 26/02/1999 1/09/2004

THULE GRL 76,53 -68,74 DMI ECC 6A 30/08/1999 4/11/2003 10/11/2005

RESOLUTE CAN 74,72 -94,98 MSC ECC na 3/01/1995 29/12/1999 25/07/2000

RESOLUTE CAN 74,72 -94,98 MSC ECC Z 15/11/2000 24/12/2008 1/06/2009

SCORESBYSUND GRL 70,5 -22 DMI ECC Z 5/01/1995 26/12/2003 10/11/2005

LERWICK GBR 60,1315 -1,183 UKMO ECC 5A 1/01/1995 25/02/2004 25/11/2008

LERWICK GBR 60,1315 -1,183 UKMO ECC Z 15/11/1995 14/03/2005 26/11/2008

LERWICK GBR 60,1315 -1,183 UKMO ECC 6A 25/03/1997 22/10/2008 26/11/2008

CHURCHILL CAN 58,75 -94,07 MSC ECC na 4/01/1995 5/09/2001 24/10/2001

CHURCHILL CAN 58,75 -94,07 MSC ECC 6A 11/11/1999 26/05/2004 20/06/2005

CHURCHILL CAN 58,75 -94,07 MSC ECC Z 16/11/2000 11/12/2008 10/08/2009

EDMONTON / STONY PLAIN CAN 53,55 -114,1 MSC ECC na 4/01/1995 29/12/1999 25/07/2000

EDMONTON / STONY PLAIN CAN 53,55 -114,1 MSC ECC Z 19/04/2000 31/12/2008 26/01/2009

GOOSE BAY CAN 53,3 -60,36 MSC ECC na 4/01/1995 29/12/1999 25/07/2000

GOOSE BAY CAN 53,3 -60,36 MSC ECC Z 17/01/2001 31/12/2008 23/06/2009

LEGIONOWO POL 52,4 20,967 PIMWM ECC 5A 4/01/1995 9/06/2006 17/07/2006

LEGIONOWO POL 52,4 20,967 PIMWM ECC na 23/03/1995 31/01/2007 13/11/2008

LEGIONOWO POL 52,4 20,967 PIMWM ECC Z 24/03/1995 6/04/2001 30/09/2003

LEGIONOWO POL 52,4 20,967 PIMWM ECC 6A 31/07/1996 29/07/2009 28/09/2009

LINDENBERG DEU 52,21 14,12 DWD-MOL ECC na 4/01/1995 28/10/2009 23/11/2009

DE BILT NLD 52,1 5,1815 KNMI ECC 5A 6/01/1995 1/03/2001 28/05/2002

DE BILT NLD 52,1 5,1815 KNMI ECC 6A 24/07/1997 30/12/2008 24/08/2009

VALENTIA OBSERVATORY IRL 51,93 -10,25 ME ECC 5A 6/01/1995 26/03/2003 1/03/2004

VALENTIA OBSERVATORY IRL 51,93 -10,25 ME ECC 6A 20/06/1996 26/06/2009 20/07/2009

VALENTIA OBSERVATORY IRL 51,93 -10,25 ME ECC na 15/02/1997 8/03/2006 20/02/2008

UCCLE BEL 50,8 4,35 RMIB ECC Z 2/04/1997 29/06/2007 6/11/2007

BRATTS LAKE (REGINA) CAN 50,205 -104,705 MSC ECC Z 11/12/2003 24/12/2008 21/04/2009

PRAHA CZE 50,02 14,45 CHMI-PR ECC na 3/01/1995 30/04/1999 12/04/2000

PRAHA CZE 50,02 14,45 CHMI-PR ECC 6A 2/04/1999 28/04/2009 20/05/2009

KELOWNA CAN 49,92 -119,4 MSC ECC Z 19/11/2003 24/12/2008 20/07/2009

HOHENPEISSENBERG DEU 47,8 11,02 DWD-MOHp Brewer-Mast na 2/01/1995 30/09/2009 14/10/2009

PAYERNE CHE 46,49 6,57 MeteoSwiss ECC 2Z 2/09/2002 30/03/2009 17/06/2009

PAYERNE CHE 46,49 6,57 MeteoSwiss Brewer-Mast na 3/01/1995 30/08/2002 27/01/2003

EGBERT CAN 44,23 -79,78 MSC ECC Z 15/12/2003 19/11/2008 29/06/2009

YARMOUTH CAN 43,87 -66,1 MSC ECC Z 15/10/2003 31/12/2008 14/04/2009

TRINIDAD HEAD USA 40,8 -124,16 NOAA-CMDL ECC 2Z 21/01/1999 31/08/2006 24/02/2009

MADRID / BARAJAS ESP 40,46 -3,65 INME ECC 5A 4/01/1995 13/11/2002 20/03/2006

MADRID / BARAJAS ESP 40,46 -3,65 INME ECC 6A 22/05/1996 18/11/2009 23/11/2009

ANKARA TUR 39,95 32,883 TSMS ECC na 5/01/1995 26/12/2001 31/07/2002

WALLOPS ISLAND USA 37,898 -75,483 NASA-WFF ECC 6A 29/05/1996 27/08/2009 14/09/2009

WALLOPS ISLAND USA 37,898 -75,483 NASA-WFF ECC Z 7/08/1996 30/01/2002 3/09/2004

HUNTSVILLE USA 34,72 -86,64 UAH ECC 2Z 20/04/1999 15/12/2007 14/05/2008

ISFAHAN IRN 32,477 51,425 MDI ECC 6A 4/03/1999 2/06/2009 28/09/2009

SANTA CRUZ ESP 28,42 -16,26 INME-IZO ECC 5A 3/01/1996 12/01/2000 23/07/2002

SANTA CRUZ ESP 28,42 -16,26 INME-IZO ECC 6A 5/01/1999 28/05/2003 9/06/2003

HONG KONG OBSERVATORY HKG 22,31 114,17 HKO ECC 6A 5/01/2000 31/12/2008 7/04/2009

PARAMARIBO SUR 5,81 -55,21 KNMI ECC 6A 2/09/1999 17/12/2008 20/05/2009

SEPANG AIRPORT MYS 2,73 101,7 MMS ECC 6A 15/01/1998 18/08/2008 20/01/2009

SAN CRISTOBAL ECU -0,92 -89,6 NOAA-CMDL ECC 6A 25/03/1998 23/10/2008 19/08/2009

NAIROBI KEN -1,267 36,8 MeteoSwiss ECC 2Z 7/01/1998 26/11/2008 19/08/2009

MALINDI KEN -2,99 40,19 U_Rome-CRPSM ECC 6A 10/03/1999 4/01/2006 28/04/2007

MAXARANGUAPE (SHADOZ-NATAL) BRA -5,445 -35,33 NASA-WFF ECC 6A 3/01/2003 31/08/2009 14/09/2009

WATUKOSEK (JAVA) IDN -7,57 112,65 NASDA ECC 2Z 7/08/1999 23/11/2007 13/05/2008

ASCENSION ISLAND SHN -7,98 -14,42 NASA-WFF ECC 6A 8/01/1998 18/09/2008 3/11/2008

SAMOA ASM -14,25 -170,56 NOAA-CMDL ECC 1Z 8/08/1995 30/01/1999 30/09/2001

SAMOA ASM -14,25 -170,56 NOAA-CMDL ECC 6A 30/01/1997 4/07/2008 19/08/2009

SUVA (FIJI) FJI -18,13 178,315 NOAA-CMDL ECC 6A 6/02/1997 24/11/2005 15/06/2006

LA REUNION ISLAND REU -21,075 55,48 U_LaReunion ECC Z 6/01/1998 29/05/2002 15/06/2006

IRENE ZAF -25,91 28,211 SAWS ECC 6A 11/11/1998 12/12/2007 13/05/2008

BROADMEADOWS AUS -37,6914 144,9467 ABM ECC 6A 16/02/1999 15/10/2008 27/10/2008

LAUDER NZL -45,03 169,683 NIWA-LAU ECC 1Z 4/01/1995 18/12/2008 14/04/2009

LAUDER NZL -45,03 169,683 NIWA-LAU ECC 2Z 29/06/2000 6/08/2008 13/08/2009

MACQUARIE ISLAND AUS -54,5 158,967 ABM ECC 6A 5/01/1999 21/10/2008 3/11/2008

DAVIS ATA -68,577 77,973 ABM ECC 6A 20/02/2003 11/12/2007 20/10/2008

NEUMAYER ATA -70,65 -8,25 AWI-NM ECC 6A 20/09/1997 11/11/2009 16/11/2009


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7.2.3 Microwave radiometer (NDACC)

Originating system The microwave ozone radiometers measure the spectra of emission lines produced by thermally excited, purely rotational ozone transitions at millimeter wavelengths. The pressure broadening effect of the line allows the retrieval of a vertical ozone profile from the measured spectrum by the use of an a priori profile, a radiative transfer simulation and the optimal estimation method based on Rodgers (2000). The altitude range lies between 20 and 70 km depending on the instrument. The microwave radiometers operate continuously, and profile retrievals are obtained independently of the weather conditions. Currently, about 10 microwave radiometers measure 4 to 48 profiles a day, 5 of them being in operation in the frame of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Data class Ground-based remote sensing data Sensor type and key technical characteristics Ozone microwave radiometers are based on the same principles but differ in technical details. The rotational ozone transitions are measured at 142.175 GHz or 110.836 GHz depending on the instrument. Outgoing from the front-end part, the signal is amplified and down-converted in frequency at a lower intermediate frequency which can be processed by a filter bank, an AOS or FFT spectrometer. The instruments are calibrated by substituting the radiation from the sky by the thermal radiation from two black body sources at the receiver input. One source is at ambient temperature or heated and stabilized (300 K) and the second source is cooled with liquid nitrogen at 77 K. Ozone profiles are given in volume mixing ratio (ppmv) and the grid on which data are provided varies between the instruments. The vertical resolution is typically 8–10 km from 20 to 40 km, increasing to 15-20 km at 60 km. Instrument and measurement details for Lauder (New Zealand), and Mauna Loa (USA) are given in Parrish et al.(1992), for Payerne (Switzerland) in Maillard Barras et al. (2009) and Hocke et al. (2007), for Bern (Switzerland) in Studer et al. (2013), for Ny Ålesund (Norway) in Palm et al. (2010). Data availability & coverage The microwave radiometers at Lauder, Bern, Payerne and Mauna Loa have operated continuously from resp. 1992, 1996, 2000, and 1995 up to now. The Ny Ålesund instrument has been measuring since 1994, with some extended breaks. The NDACC ozone microwave radiometers are listed in http://www.iapmw.unibe.ch/research/collaboration/ndsc-microwave/instruments/index_spe.html and data are archived on the NDACC webpage

(http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/clickmap/).

http://www.iapmw.unibe.ch/research/collaboration/ndsc-microwave/instruments/index_spe.html

http://www.iapmw.unibe.ch/research/collaboration/ndsc-microwave/instruments/index_spe.html

http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/clickmap/


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Figure 7-5. Geographical distribution of ground-based microwave radiometer stations having archived regularly ozone profile data to the NDACC. Source data product name & reference to product technical specification documents Data are available in ASCII Ames and/or GEOMS compliant HDF4 formats. The documentation and other relevant information are available on http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/ Data quantity For each microwave radiometer: Monthly ames files of 50 to 100 kB Daily hdf files of 100 to 250 kB Data quality and reliability Microwave ozone measurement errors and vertical resolution have been investigated in Connor et al. (1995) for Lauder and Mauna Loa instruments, in Palm et al. (2010) for the Ny Ålesund measurements, in Calisesi et al. (2003) for the Payerne radiometer and in Studer et al. (2013) for the Bern radiometer. Lauder and Mauna Loa Instruments agree with each other within 5% from 22 to 65 km as shown in formal intercomparison campaigns involving several types of instruments (Mc Dermid et al., 1998a, b; McPeters et al., 1999). Differences between the Bern (Studer et al., 2013) and the Payerne microwave radiometers and others instruments (satellites, lidar, ozonesonde) are within 10%. Ny Ålesund instrument comparisons with satellites show a general agreement with at most 20% deviation in the stratosphere and up to 30% deviation in the mesosphere.

http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/


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Relative drifts between the Lauder and MLO measurements and those made with lidar, ozonesonde, SAGE II, and HALOE are typically < 0.5% / yr from 22 to 60 km over the period from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s (Boyd et al., 2007; Hassler et al 2013). For Steinbrecht et al (2009), climatological mean differences between lidars, microwave radiometers, SAGE and HALOE are smaller than 5% between 30 and 45 km altitude and ozone anomalies from the long-term records from SAGE II, HALOE, fit well the NDACC microwave radiometers. Ordering and delivery mechanism The NDACC Data Host Facility provides public access to the data. Access conditions & pricing See NDACC rules reproduced at the beginning of this Chapter on ground-based correlative data. Issues None

8 Conclusions

This document presents an update of the data access requirements for the ozone products to be developed within the second phase of the Ozone_cci project (2014-2016). Data access requirements are gathered through interaction with all members of the project’s EOSTs and the VALT. Where necessary, the Data Access Requirements Document (DARD) provides descriptions of known issues in terms of data access, data quality and eventually delivery performance that may affect the realisation of the project’s objectives.


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Appendix I

List of ground-based stations from the WOUDC that will be used for the comparisons in Ozone_cci

NUMBER NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION COUNTRY

21b EDMONTON 53.57 -113.52 668 Canada

24b RESOLUTE 74.72 -94.98 64 Canada

35b AROSA 46.77 9.67 1860 Switzerland

50b POTSDAM 52.38 13.05 89 Germany

53b UCCLE 50.8 4.35 100 Belgium

65b TORONTO 43.78 -79.47 198 Canada

76b GOOSE 53.32 -60.38 44 Canada

77b CHURCHILL 58.75 -94.07 35 Canada

82b LISBON 38.77 -9.13 105 Portugal

96b HRADEC_KRALOVE 50.18 15.83 285 Czech

99b HOHENPEISSENBERG 47.8 11.02 975 Germany

100b BUDAPEST 47.43 19.18 140 Hungary

123b YAKUTSK 62.08 129.75 98 Russia

174b LINDENBERG 52.22 14.12 98 Germany

213b EL_ARENOSILLO 37.1 -6.73 41 Spain

261b THESSALONIKI 40.52 22.97 4 Greece

262b SODANKYLA 67.37 26.65 179 Finland

267b SONDRESTROM 67 -50.98 150 Greenland

279b NORKOPING 58.58 16.12 0 Sweden

282b KISLOVODSK 43.73 42.66 2070 Russia

284b VINDELN 64.25 19.77 0 Sweden

287b FUNCHAL 32.65 -17.05 59 Portugal

290b SATURNA 48.78 -123.13 0 Canada

295b MT.WALIGUAN 36.17 100.53 3816 China

301b ISPRA 45.8 8.63 0 Italy

305b ROME_UNIVERSITY 41.9 12.52 0 Italy

308b MADRID 40.45 -3.55 0 Spain

315b EUREKA 79.89 -85.93 10 Canada

316b DEBILT 52 5.18 0 Netherlands

318b VALENTIA 51.93 -10.25 0 Irland

322b PETALING_JAYA 3.1 101.65 46 Malaysia

326b LONGFENSHAN 44.75 127.6 0 China

331b POPRAD-GANOVCE 49.03 20.32 0 Slovakia

332b POHANG 36.03 129.38 0 Korea

338b REGINA 50.21 -104.67 0 Canada

346b MURCIA 38 -1.17 69 Spain

NUMBER NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION COUNTRY

2d TAMANRASSET 22.8 5.52 1395 Algeria

7d KAGOSHIMA 31.63 130.6 283 Japan

11d QUETTA 30.18 66.95 1799 Pakistan

12d SAPPORO 43.05 141.33 19 Japan

14d TATENO 36.05 140.13 31 Japan

19d BISMARCK 46.77 -100.75 511 USA

27d BRISBANE -27.47 153.03 5 Australia

29d MACQUARIE_ISLAND -54.48 158.97 6 Australia

31d MAUNA_LOA 19.53 -155.58 3397 USA

35d AROSA 46.77 9.67 1860 Switzerland

36d CAMBORNE 50.22 -5.32 88 UK

40d HAUTE_PROVINCE 43.92 5.75 580 France


Page 75-75

43d LERWICK 60.15 -1.15 90 UK

50d POTSDAM 52.38 13.05 89 Germany

51d REYKJAVIK 64.13 -21.9 60 Iceland

53d UCCLE 50.8 4.35 100 Belgium

57d HALLEY_BAY -75.52 -26.73 31 Antarctica

67d BOULDER 40.02 -105.25 1634 USA

68d BELSK 51.83 20.78 180 Poland

84d DARWIN -12.47 130.83 0 Australia

91d BUENOS-AIRES -34.58 -58.48 25 Argentina

96d HRADEC_KRALOVE 50.18 15.83 285 Czech

99d HOHENPEISSENBERG 47.8 11.02 975 Germany

101d SYOWA -69 39.58 21 Antarctica

105d FAIRBANKS 64.8 -147.89 138 USA

106d NASHVILLE 36.25 -86.57 182 USA

116d MOSCOW 55.75 37.57 187 Russia

152d CAIRO 30.08 31.28 35 Egypt

159d PERTH -31.95 115.85 2 Australia

190d NAHA 26.2 127.67 29 Japan

199d BARROW 71.32 -156.6 11 USA

200d CACHOEIRA-PAULISTA -22.68 -45 573 Brazil

201d SESTOLA 44.22 10.77 1030 Italy

208d SHIANGHER 39.77 117 13 China

209d KUNMING 25.02 102.68 1917 China

213d EL_ARENOSILLO 37.1 -6.73 41 Spain

214d SINGAPORE 1.33 103.88 14 Singapore

216d BANGKOK 13.73 100.57 2 Thailand

219d NATAL -5.83 -35.2 32 Brazil

226d BUCHAREST 44.48 26.13 92 Romania

245d ASWAN 23.97 32.45 193 Egypt

252d SEOUL 37.57 126.95 84 Korea

253d MELBOURNE -37.48 144.58 125 Australia

256d LAUDER -45.03 169.68 3701 New Zealand

265d IRENE -25.25 28.22 1524 South Africa

268d ARRIVAL_HEIGHTS -77.83 166.4 250 Antarctica

284d VINDELN 64.25 19.77 0 Sweden

293d ATHENS 38 23.7 15 Greece

339d USHUAIA -54.85 -68.31 7 Argentina

340d SPRINGBOK -29.67 17.9 1 South Africa

341d HANFORD 36.32 -119.63 73 USA

342d COMODORO_RIVADAVIA -45.78 -67.5 43 Argentina

Documents

Ozone cci DARDcci.esa.int/.../incoming/Ozone_cci_phase2_dard_v2.1.pdf · 2019-06-27 · Data Access Requirement Document (DARD) Issue: 2.1 – Date of issue: 25/05/2016 Reference: