OWL Application OWL Application Profile for CSWProfile for CSW

Dr Kristin StockDr Kristin Stock

Allworlds Geothinking, UKAllworlds Geothinking, UK

Centre for Geospatial Science, Centre for Geospatial Science, University of Nottingham, UKUniversity of Nottingham, UK

EDINA, UKEDINA, UK

IntroductionIntroduction

• COMPASS Project (COMPASS Project (http://compass.edina.ac.uk/))

• Created a geospatial knowledge Created a geospatial knowledge infrastructure, allowing:infrastructure, allowing:– semantic discovery of scientific semantic discovery of scientific

resources and resources and – visualisation and inference.visualisation and inference.

• So we needed a So we needed a semantic registrysemantic registry..• OGC Pending Doc 09-010OGC Pending Doc 09-010

The GoalThe Goal

• Semantic expressiveness and Semantic expressiveness and inferenceinference

• Syntactic interoperability with Syntactic interoperability with other registries (geospatial and other registries (geospatial and Digital Library)Digital Library)

• Scientific resources:Scientific resources:– PublicationsPublications– Geospatial data setsGeospatial data sets– Geospatial web servicesGeospatial web services

Some content best suited to Some content best suited to ontologies (require reasoning, ontologies (require reasoning, not in registry standards)...not in registry standards)...

• Domain concepts;Domain concepts;

• Semantic description of scientific Semantic description of scientific resources;resources;

• Semantic description of scientific Semantic description of scientific knowledge in the resources;knowledge in the resources;

• Web service semantics.Web service semantics.

Some content best suited to Some content best suited to registries (in existing RIMs):registries (in existing RIMs):

• Textual descriptions;Textual descriptions;

• Publication binding;Publication binding;

• Web service specifications and Web service specifications and bindings;bindings;

BUT...BUT...

• The latter already in web service The latter already in web service ontologies.ontologies.

So...So...

• Did not want some content in Did not want some content in registry, some in ontologies.registry, some in ontologies.

• Decided to put everything in Decided to put everything in ontologies.ontologies.

But how?But how?

The problemThe problem

• Need to keep OWL ontologies in Need to keep OWL ontologies in OWL files to allow easy reasoning.OWL files to allow easy reasoning.

• Did not want to duplicate content or Did not want to duplicate content or have to do live conversion between have to do live conversion between ontology and registry information ontology and registry information models.models.

• So, created an So, created an ontology-registry.ontology-registry.

What is an Ontology-Registry?What is an Ontology-Registry?

• Architecture is designed as an Architecture is designed as an interface on top of OWL files, so interface on top of OWL files, so reasoning can be done on native file reasoning can be done on native file formats with existing tools.formats with existing tools.

• Generic model across domains.Generic model across domains.

• Registry = ontologies; ontologies = Registry = ontologies; ontologies = registry.registry.

Information ModelInformation Model

• Uses RDF and OWLUses RDF and OWL

• Adopts RDF/OWL information model Adopts RDF/OWL information model as closely as possible so retain as closely as possible so retain ontology structure.ontology structure.

class rdf(s)

rdf::Property

rdfs::Literal

+ literalValue: String+ language: String [0..1]

rdfs::Class

rdfs::Datatype

rdfs::Resource

+ xml:base: String [0..1]+ ID: String [0..1]+ xmlnsAbbr: String [0..1]+ xmlns: String [0..1]

rdf::XMLLiteral

rdfs::Container

rdf::Bagrdf::Alt rdf::Seq

+ position: Integer

rdfs::ContainerMembershipProperty

rdf::Listrdf::Statement

+range

0..*

+domain

0..*

+label

0..*

+member 0..*

+seeAlso 0..*

+type

0..*

+subClassOf 0..*

+subPropertyOf 0..* +rest 0..1

+subject

1

+predicate

1

+comment

0..*

+first0..1

+value 0..* +isDefinedBy 0..*

+object

1

class owl

owl::Class

rdfs::Class owl::Restriction

rdf::List

rdf::Property

rdfs::Resource

rdfs::Literal

owl::DeprecatedProperty

owl::DeprecatedClas s

owl::FunctionalProperty

owl::ObjectProperty

owl::DatatypeProperty

owl::Transitiv eProperty

owl::Inv erseFunctionalProperty

owl::SymmetricProperty

owl::AllDifferent

owl::DataRange

owl::AnnotationProperty

owl::Ontology

owl::OntologyProperty

+hasValue 1

+onProperty 1

+unionOf 0..*

+intersectionOf 0..*

+oneOf 0..1

+complementOf 0..1

+disjointWith 0..*+equivalentClass 0..*

+cardinality

1

+differentFrom 0..*

+imports 0..* +priorVersion 0..*

+incompatibleWith 0..*+backwardCompatibleWith 0..*

+oneOf 0..1

+distinctMembers 1

+allValuesFrom1

+someValuesFrom1

+inverseOf 0..1

+equivalentProperty 0..*

+minCardinality

1

+maxCardinality

1

+sameAs 0..*

+versionInfo 0..*

What about ebRIM?What about ebRIM?

• The ontology-registry is The ontology-registry is not not an extension an extension package to WRS.package to WRS.

• Why?Why?– Would need to convert between ebRIM and Would need to convert between ebRIM and

OWL between interface and file store.OWL between interface and file store.– The models are quite different.The models are quite different.– Querying and results handling more difficult.Querying and results handling more difficult.– Both are meta-models.Both are meta-models.– Unnecessary extra processing.Unnecessary extra processing.

A new Application ProfileA new Application Profile

• The ontology-registry is an OWL The ontology-registry is an OWL Application Profile for CSW.Application Profile for CSW.

• Implements CSW, not WRS.Implements CSW, not WRS.

• Can handle any RDF or OWL content.Can handle any RDF or OWL content.

The Ontology- Registry

OWL Ontologies

DigitalLibrary

Repository

DigitalLibrary

Repository

Z39.50Interface

OAI-PMHInterface

CSWInterface

KnowledgeManagementMiddleware

Inference Engine

OAI-PMH Adapter

Z39.50 Adapter

Knowledge Management

Adapter

Queryable and Returnable Queryable and Returnable Properties (1)Properties (1)

• Uses Dublin Core specific metadata Uses Dublin Core specific metadata items.items.

• Adds bounding box:Adds bounding box:– App profile includes OWL definition of App profile includes OWL definition of

bounding box.bounding box.

• Adds rdfs:Resource, which can Adds rdfs:Resource, which can specialise to anything in RDF or specialise to anything in RDF or OWL.OWL.

Queryable and Returnable Queryable and Returnable Properties (2)Properties (2)

• Implementers must map their Implementers must map their ontologies to the queryable and ontologies to the queryable and returnable properties.returnable properties.

• You retrieve an ontology in its OWL You retrieve an ontology in its OWL form using the queryable and form using the queryable and returnable properties.returnable properties.

QueryingQuerying

• In addition to FILTER, adds SPARQL In addition to FILTER, adds SPARQL querying.querying.

• Both available for request and Both available for request and response.response.

• Specify query language in request.Specify query language in request.

• Examples included in document.Examples included in document.

InterfacesInterfaces

• Implements CSW interfaces.Implements CSW interfaces.

• Extended to include:Extended to include:– SPARQL queryingSPARQL querying– Reasoning:Reasoning:

•Satisfiability, Subsumption, Equivalence, Satisfiability, Subsumption, Equivalence, Disjointedness, Consistency, Disjointedness, Consistency, InstanceChecking (for entailment).InstanceChecking (for entailment).

• In GetRecords or DescribeRecord.In GetRecords or DescribeRecord.

It’s only a meta model!It’s only a meta model!

• No indication of the content of the No indication of the content of the ontologies.ontologies.

• We implemented a series of ontologies We implemented a series of ontologies (web service, domain, application).(web service, domain, application).

• It is up to the provider of the service It is up to the provider of the service to map the semantics of their own to map the semantics of their own ontologies to the queryable and ontologies to the queryable and returnable properties, except returnable properties, except rdfs:Resourcerdfs:Resource

Questions or Comments?Questions or Comments?

or contact me:or contact me:

kristin.stock@nottingham.ac.kristin.stock@nottingham.ac.ukuk