Upload
imran-aziz-tunio
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
1/24
Overview on water resources developmentand management
Irrigation canal
Tail area-barren land
Economic disaster
Engineer Imran A. Tunio,
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
2/24
My presentation covers:My presentation covers:y Background informationy Infrastructure developmenty Water resources in Pakistan
Surface water Groundwater Rainfall
y Physical problems with system Specific problems Common problems
y What to do?
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
3/24
Gl oba l picture of fresh andGl oba l picture of fresh andsa l ine watersa l ine water
L ocation Water Volume(mKm 3)
Water Volume(MAF)
Water Volume(BCM)
% of totalwater
Fresh water
G laciers and ice caps 29.176 23.634*10 6 29.155*10 6 2.15
G roundwater 4.168 33.761*10 5 41.648*10 5 0.31
Vadose water 0.667 54.027*10 4 66.648*10 4 0.005
Atmosphere water 0.013 10.530*10 3 12.99*10 3 0.001
Fresh water lakes 0.125 10.125*10 4 12.49*10 4 0.009
Stream channels (average) 0.0012 97.20*10 2 11.991*10 3 0.0001
Total 34.1522 27.67187*10 6 34.136*10 6 2.4751
S aline water
T otal saline water (Oceans+ G roundwater+Lakes)
1,325.614 107.374*10 7 132.457*10 7 97.5249
G rand Total 1359.766 110.131*10 7 135.858*10 7 100
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
4/24
W ater resources deve l opment inW ater resources deve l opment inPakistan.Pakistan.
y F ederating units: Sindh, Punjab,Balochistan and NW F P
y Controlled year round irrigationbegan in 1859
y Until that time-irrigation wasundertaken thru inundationcanals
y Last inundation canals wereconnected to weir controlledsupplies in 1962 with GudduBarrage on Indus River
y Due to non proportional supplyin rivers, the triple canal projectapproach was initiated in 1907-1915-that linked Jhelum, Chanaband Ravi Rivers (IIWRM)
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
5/24
C ont.C ont.
Indus Water T reaty between I ndia and
Pakistan was made in 1960. Under thisT reaty: Three western rivers: I ndus, Jehlum and
Chanab were given to Pakistan T
hree eastern rivers: Ravi, Sutlaj andBeas were given to I ndia Irrigation system is supply-based
Water charges are based on crop
cultivation
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
6/24
A ppreciation of the Indus BasinA ppreciation of the Indus Basin
Irrigation System (IBIS)Irrigation System (IBIS)y 3 -Major Reservoirs (storagecapacity 15.7 MA F )
y 16-Barrages, 2-head works, 2-Siphons across major rivers
y 12- Inter River Link Canalsy
44-Canal systems (23
in Punjab,14 in Sindh, 5 in NW F P and 2 inBalochistan)
y > 4000-Distributaryy > 120,000- Watercourse
(Lined/unlined)y Aggregate length of canals is
about 56,07 3 Kmy Watercourse, farm channels are
about 1.6 million Kmy 3 5 M acre command area
Indus Basin Irrigation System
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
7/24
Barrages and Dams in PakistanBarrages and Dams in Pakistan
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
8/24
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
9/24
W ater resources avai l abi l ityW ater resources avai l abi l ityy Surface water inflows in western rivers:
186.8 MA F (1959-60)-maximum
97.7 MA F (1999-2000)- minimum1 3 8.7 MA F (1960-2000)- mean104 MA F (1990-2000) canal supply
67 MA F in summer (Kharif) season
3 7 MA F in winter (Rabi) season
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
10/24
y Total population of T W is about629,602 (IWMI 200 3 )
y Last 10 years density (#T Ws/1000 ha) doubled
y Installation shallow (20-65 ft-diesel operated) and deep (above65 ft electric operated) -depending on aquifer
y Total estimated potential 50 MA Fy Total exploitation 41.6 MA F
(Punjab 3 4 MA F, Sindh 5 MA F,Balochistan 0.5 MA F and NW F P2.1 MA F )
y
Water quality in Punjab 0. 3 -4.6dS/m; Sindh 0.5-7.1 dS/m andNWF P 0.1-2.5 dS/m
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
11/24
R ainfa ll over irrigated areaR ainfa ll over irrigated areay About 70% rainfalls in
June to Septembery It has broad variation:
like 125 mm inBalochistan (SouthEast) to 750 mm inNorth West
y Southern Punjab andNorthern Sindh get
less than 152 mmwhile central andnorthern area getmore than 6 3 5 mmannually.
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
12/24
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
13/24
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
14/24
W ater Uti l ization in Next upW ater Uti l ization in Next up
to 2025 in Pakistan.to 2025 in Pakistan. Year Population
(Million)Water (BCM)
Water Use (BCM) Food requirement(Million Ton)
Irrigation Industry Home
1998 130.58 179.16 148.70 17.92 12.54 19.42
2005 155.12 179.16 143.85 20.42 14.89 23.00
2010 175.5 179.16 139.85 22.47 16.84 26.07
2015 198.56 179.16 135.39 24.71 19.06 29.51
2020 224.65 179.16 130.42 27.18 21.56 33.39
2025 254.17 179.16 124.86 29.90 24.4 37.77
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
15/24
R eduction in capacities of storageR eduction in capacities of storagereservoirsreservoirs
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
16/24
G roundwater overG roundwater over- -draft anddraft andwater l ogging situationwater l ogging situation
o Water table falling withvarious degree of depletion in 26 canalcommands
o water table rising in 17canal commands andmaking water logging
o Salt water intrusionfrom nearby areas
o Sea water intrusionalong the coastal zone
W t t l t i l
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
17/24
W ater de l ivery systemW ater de l ivery system
y Water is divertedfrom Canal-Distributary-Watercourses andthen farm ditches
y Structures arebadly damaged
y No measurementmechanismavailable
y Desilting is basedon eye-ball concept
D istributary
Watercourse
N o measuring structure
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
18/24
V ariabi l ity in water de l iveryV ariabi l ity in water de l iveryy T hree distributariesy Daily discharge data
(1 1/2 years)Variation with average:y Kahu: F rom +122 to -
160%y
Doso:F
rom +55 -2 3 0%y Sanro: F rom +80 -
550%
Var
ab
schar e
0 00
20 00
40 00
60 00
80 00
100 00
120 00
140 00160
00
2 3 - A u g - 9
6
1 - D e c - 9
6
1 1 - M a r -
9 7
1 9 - J u
n - 9
7
2 7 - S e p - 9
7
5 - J a
n - 9
8
1 5 - A p r -
9 8
2 4 - J u
l - 9 8
Time in days
D i s c
h a r g e
i n c u s e c s
Doso Disty Kahu Minor Sanro Disty
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
19/24
V ariabi l ity in water distribution at:V ariabi l ity in water distribution at:HeadHead- - Midd l eMidd l e--Tai l section (PothoTai l section (Potho
Minor)Minor)y Most of time
channel getsabove designshare, but varyingdischarge
y Distributionamong sections isnot uniform
y F rom Jan to F ebno flow in thechannel
0
0 .
.
.
02
01-Sep-02
16-Sep-02
01-Oct-02 16-Oct-02 31-Oct-02 15-Nov-02
30-Nov-02
15-Dec-02
30-Dec-02
14-Jan-03 29-Jan-03 13-Feb-03 28-Feb-03 15-Mar-03 30-Mar-03 14- Apr-03
D P R O
- - -
I N O R
Head gaugeMidd le gaugeTa il gauge
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
20/24
W ater app l ication at Farm l eve l W ater app l ication at Farm l eve l (Examp l e: Heran Distributary)(Examp l e: Heran Distributary)
y Every time supplyis varying
y Supply is almostdouble than croprequirement
y Excess amount of water createdwater loggingproblem
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
21/24
More photos:specific issuesMore photos:specific issues
Ponding water No control structure
No crops at tail section- Socioeconomic disaster
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
22/24
C ommon issues: W aterC ommon issues: W ater
regulationregu
lation
o Water allocation- cropping patternchanged
o Canal operation, and regulationo Water sharing among users, and between
human and ecological needso Soil water managemento Water demand and supply
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
23/24
EnvironmentEnvironment
o Sea water intrusion-Coastal zoneo Land infertility by secondary salinization
o Salt water movement to fresh aquifer o Fresh water ecosystemo D isposal of drainage effluent
o Wetlands-Lakes
8/8/2019 Overview on water resources development and management (By, IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO (GIS Engineer)
24/24
For more information,[email protected]