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Overview of the Bridge Evaluation Quality
Assurance Scan
American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsFederal Highway Administration
National Cooperative Highway Research Program
AASHTO Annual MeetingSeptember, 2007
Tom EverettCo-Chair
Principal Bridge Engineer Federal Highway Administration
Peter WeykampCo-Chair
Bridge Maintenance Program EngineerNew York Department of Transportation
Scan Team Member Home States
Tom DrdaFHWA North Carolina
Dr. Glenn Washer
Univ. of Missouri
Dave Juntunen – MI DOT
Larry Hummel – Van Buren County
Randy Cox
Texas DOT
Tod Kimball
FHWA Vermont
Tom Everett
FHWA HQ
AASHTO
FHWA
FHWA HQ
Harry CapersArora and
Assoc.
Consultant
Pete Weykamp
New York DOT
Academia
Paul Jensen
Montana DOT
Scan Countries
Red – VisitedBlue – Met with in Denmark
PURPOSE and SCOPE
• Assist in NBIS regulation implementation.
• Explore effective bridge inspection systems in other countries.
• Satisfy the 2001 Data Quality Act.
• Review types of data collected by other countries.
TOPICS of INTEREST
• Organizational Structure and Background
• Inspection Data • Personnel Qualifications • Process Control• Equipment• Documentation
FINDINGS
European agencies value their bridge inspection programs to insure highway user safety to insure durability and service-
ability expectations are met to enhance capital investment
decisions regarding their existing bridge inventory
FINDINGS
Emphasis Placed on Quality Well-defined qualifications, Uniform inspection type
definitions, Periodic calibration of inspectors, Data collection processes, Appropriate use of NDT methods Multi-tiered inspection
frequency is not fixed
FOCUS AREAS
• Team identified many items that could enhance bridge inspection practices within the U.S. and organized them into 8 topic areas for further evaluation.
Inspection References and Tools
Heavily detailed & illustrated manuals.
Damage types quantified and performance indices assigned.
Standards developed to quantify concrete cracking in reports.
Inspection vehicles equipped with field equipment, office space and bridge records.
Reports and Data Management Standardization of reports, forms, terms and condition
ratings
Digital photographs embedded in inspection reports
Designers required to identify critical areas to be inspected
Pull down menu of structural condition in software allowing automated generation of condition rating
Separate asset management systems for major structures
Training And Certification
A variety of approaches: technical educational requirements specialized training specific training for Inspector, Team Leader, & PM qualifying exam for each level
Match inspector experience with complexity of bridge. Keep, at minimum, a core of experts within agency.
Inspection Types and Frequencies
Detailed inspections every 5 to 6 years
Interim inspections focused on areas of interest identified in the detailed inspection
Annual inspections by maintenance Road workers routinely monitor and
report issues of structural condition
European road agencies typically inspect spans of two meters.
Inspection Types and Frequencies
Inspection frequency - based on: competency of the inspector inspector qualifications and
experience bridge type, condition, age, etc.
Competency standards provide assurance inspectors can safely determine the frequency.
Reference Bridges
Finnish use a population of 106 bridges and 26 culverts as a control sample
Data gathered is used to: Monitor bridge serviceability and durability over time Update deterioration models in bridge management
system Quality Control of data from non-Reference Bridges by
providing baseline data for comparison Training and evaluation of inspectors
Several agencies use bridges to be demolished to evaluate the effectiveness of NDT methods.
Reference Bridges
Data collected from Reference Bridges in Finland is analyzed to:
determine an inspectors personal “quality points” monitor trends in data quality and consistency
Quality points are used As part of procurement process To develop refresher training for inspectors
Finland requires QC plan in consultant agreements
Non Destructive Testing (NDT)
• Used primarily during in-depth inspections.
• Detailed references outlining appropriate use.
• Unique applications such as Ultrasonic Shear Wave Transducer.
Cause of Damage Determination
Inspectors Determine Cause of Failure
Inspectors are trained to assess damage to a structural element and recommend action based on:
structural stability, user safety & effect on the damaged component’s durability
Procedures to initiate actions based on the severity of the condition.
BASt SYSTEMCalculation of Condition Index
D=2
4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.9 4.0
1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 4.0
0 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.7 4.0
S/V 0 1 2 3 4
D=3
4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
3 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.0
2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0
1 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0
0 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 4.0
S/V 0 1 2 3 4
Example:
S = 2 (Structural Stability)V = 2 (Traffic Safety)D = 3 (Durability)
DATA USAGE
• POOR to BAD– Replace
• GOOD to GREAT– PM
• FAIR– Urgency of Repair– Can it be Safely
Deferred?
FAIR
GOOD
POOR
OTHER
German DVD, “Inspection According to German Industrial Standard (DIN) No 1076”.
Intended for viewing by the general public, politicians, management officials, etc.
Provides support for bridge and structure inspection.
Inspection friendly, security wise details were also incorporated into the design of bridges on a routine basis
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Develop a nationally accepted basis for determining bridge inspection frequencies
• Draft national guidelines for developing QC/QA procedures for use by owners
• Develop a national integrated inspection - repair approach in bridge assessments
• Enhance FHWA coding guide will photos
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Develop a bridge inspection central resource of references and technologies
• Initiate demonstration project of Ultrasonic Shear Wave Transducer
• Interchange with Finnish Roads on the use of statistical methods for quality assurance
• Technical interchange between countries
Current and Planned Post-Trip Activities
Preliminary Summary Report – submitted
Finalize and disseminate final reportScan Technology Implementation Plan
Two NCHRP proposals (both submitted and under consideration)
Final STIP will be available October, 2007
Technology transfer activities
ILLUSTRATED INSPECTION MANUALS
GOALS
• National adoption of a QC/QA concepts that improve the consistency and uniformity of bridge inspections across the country
• A reliability based approach for inspection frequency
• An integrated approach to the inspection program
Bridge Evaluation Quality AssuranceBridge Evaluation Quality Assurance
Thank YouQuestions?