Best Practices in Best Practices in Addressing NPDES and Addressing NPDES and Other Water Quality Issues in Other Water Quality Issues in Highway System Highway System ManagementManagement

NCHRP 20-68A, Scan 08-03NCHRP 20-68A, Scan 08-03DOMESTIC SCAN PROGRAMDOMESTIC SCAN PROGRAM

Scan OverviewScan Overview

Domestic Scan ProgramDomestic Scan Program

►Purpose: Technology transferPurpose: Technology transfer►ApproachApproach

Develop ‘study’ questions and Develop ‘study’ questions and review the programs at high-review the programs at high-performing agenciesperforming agencies

Develop education materials for Develop education materials for public disseminationpublic dissemination

►Summary ReportSummary Report►PresentationPresentation►Scan ReportScan Report

ImplementationImplementation

Implementation Implementation Outcomes Outcomes

► Report/ catalogue of ready to Report/ catalogue of ready to implement technologies, methods and implement technologies, methods and processesprocesses

► Applied Studies to examine specific Applied Studies to examine specific practices in greater depthpractices in greater depth

► Influence on agency business practices Influence on agency business practices

► Suggestions for national regulatory Suggestions for national regulatory procedures developmentprocedures development

Scan 08-03 TeamScan 08-03 Team► Scott McGowenScott McGowen- AASHTO Chair, - AASHTO Chair, Caltrans Caltrans ► Brian SmithBrian Smith – Co-Chair, FHWA – Co-Chair, FHWA► Scott TaylorScott Taylor – Subject Matter Expert, RBF – Subject Matter Expert, RBF

Consulting Consulting ► Vince Davis, Vince Davis, Delaware DOTDelaware DOT► Frannie Brindle,Frannie Brindle, Oregon DOT Oregon DOT► Matt Lauffer,Matt Lauffer, North Carolina DOT North Carolina DOT► Mark Hemmerlein, Mark Hemmerlein, New Hampshire DOTNew Hampshire DOT► Patricia CazenasPatricia Cazenas, FHWA, FHWA► Rachel HerbertRachel Herbert, EPA, EPA► Jeff LewisJeff Lewis, FHWA, FHWA► Tom RipkaTom Ripka, Illinois DOT, Illinois DOT► Mandeep AroraMandeep Arora, Arora & Associates, Arora & Associates

Scan SitesScan Sites►Buffalo, NYBuffalo, NY

► Washington Washington DCDC

►Baltimore, Baltimore, MDMD

► Raleigh, NCRaleigh, NC

►Austin, and Austin, and College College Station, TXStation, TX

►Orlando, FLOrlando, FL

Scan Focused on Four Scan Focused on Four Topic Areas Topic Areas

1.1. Total Maximum Daily Loads Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)(TMDLs)

2.2. Best Management Practices Best Management Practices (BMPs)(BMPs)

3.3. DOT Practices/ProceduresDOT Practices/Procedures

4.4. Regulatory (e.g., 401s)Regulatory (e.g., 401s)

Topic A: TMDLsTopic A: TMDLs

► TMDL ImplementationTMDL Implementation TMDLs in MS4 Permits DOT implementation strategies

► Source control► BMP retrofit

► Water Quality Credit TradingWater Quality Credit Trading Credit trading for TMDL complianceCredit trading for TMDL compliance Impervious area credit tradingImpervious area credit trading

Topic A TMDLs - ResultsTopic A TMDLs - Results

►Currently no credit trading Currently no credit trading programs but they will be important programs but they will be important as a compliance strategyas a compliance strategy

►DOTs are uniquely impacted by DOTs are uniquely impacted by TMDLsTMDLs

►DOTs must support the TMDL DOTs must support the TMDL process with good science and dataprocess with good science and data

►A clear TMDL compliance pathway A clear TMDL compliance pathway is essentialis essential

►TMDLs must be integratedTMDLs must be integrated

Topic B: BMPsTopic B: BMPs► Water Quality Traditional and Innovative Water Quality Traditional and Innovative

Best Management Practices (BMPs)Best Management Practices (BMPs) Construction and post-construction Construction and post-construction

emerging BMPsemerging BMPs LID for highways – what are the LID for highways – what are the

opportunitiesopportunities Jurisdictional wetland issues and Jurisdictional wetland issues and

treatment devicestreatment devices

► Non-structural and Source Control Non-structural and Source Control Management OptionsManagement Options

Source of pollutants within the ROW and Source of pollutants within the ROW and relative loadrelative load

Source control programsSource control programs

Topic B BMPs - ResultsTopic B BMPs - Results

► DOTs pursuing applied studies in DOTs pursuing applied studies in partnership with Universitiespartnership with Universities Polyacrylamide applicationPolyacrylamide application Nutrient removal BMPsNutrient removal BMPs Batch detentionBatch detention Permeable Friction Course (PFC) overlayPermeable Friction Course (PFC) overlay

► Source and institutional controlsSource and institutional controls MowingMowing Traction aidesTraction aides Herbicide/pesticide Herbicide/pesticide

applicationapplication Public educationPublic education

Topic C: DOT Topic C: DOT Practices/ProceduresPractices/Procedures

► Agency Maintenance and Operations Agency Maintenance and Operations PracticesPractices

Tracking and maintaining treatment Tracking and maintaining treatment BMPsBMPs

O&M processes that improve water O&M processes that improve water qualityquality

► Program compliance reporting and Program compliance reporting and trackingtracking

Program reportingProgram reporting Incident reportingIncident reporting Compliance reportingCompliance reporting Program effectiveness assessmentProgram effectiveness assessment

Topic C DOT Practices and Topic C DOT Practices and Procedures - ResultsProcedures - Results

►Construction Site BMP InspectionConstruction Site BMP Inspection Priority for many DOTsPriority for many DOTs Innovative methods for complianceInnovative methods for compliance

►Treatment BMP TrackingTreatment BMP Tracking Comprehensive database toolsComprehensive database tools

►Design, Build, Operate and Design, Build, Operate and MaintainMaintain New delivery method for BMPsNew delivery method for BMPs

Topic D: RegulatoryTopic D: Regulatory

► Coordination with Local and Federal Coordination with Local and Federal RegulatorsRegulators

Approach to communication with Approach to communication with regulatorsregulators

Structure of DOT staff vs. regulatory Structure of DOT staff vs. regulatory agencyagency

► 401 Certifications401 Certifications Consistent with MS4 Permit Consistent with MS4 Permit

requirementsrequirements Compliance issuesCompliance issues

Topic D Regulatory - Topic D Regulatory - ResultsResults

►PartnershipsPartnerships►Culture of environmental Culture of environmental

stewardship within the DOTstewardship within the DOT►Structure of DOTStructure of DOT►DOT funded positionsDOT funded positions►Program flexibilityProgram flexibility►Program costsProgram costs►OutreachOutreach

DOTs are DifferentDOTs are Different

►DOTs have unique challenges in DOTs have unique challenges in implementing an NPDES implementing an NPDES stormwater program as well as in stormwater program as well as in responding to TMDL requirements. responding to TMDL requirements. DOTs:DOTs: Cross multiple watersheds and Cross multiple watersheds and

jurisdictional boundariesjurisdictional boundaries Control a very small portion of the Control a very small portion of the

watershedwatershed DOTs have safety as a high priorityDOTs have safety as a high priority DOTs are passive and uniformDOTs are passive and uniform

Study Findings

► DOTs should refine their approach to program implementation Hydromodification Particulates Other constituents DOTs can control

► Modify other traditional MS4 elements: Public Education Runoff Characterization Illicit Connections

Other FindingsOther Findings

►DOT Business PracticesDOT Business Practices Commitment from the topCommitment from the top Continued dialogueContinued dialogue Partnerships and communicationPartnerships and communication Evaluate programs based on Evaluate programs based on

cost/benefitcost/benefit Incorporate stormwater early in Incorporate stormwater early in

project delivery processproject delivery process

Scan Recommendations

►TS4 PermitTS4 Permit Create a model permit for use by Create a model permit for use by

statesstates►National Guidance on DOT TMDL

Application Credit trading

►New Emphasis on Source Control►Annual DOT Stormwater Conference►Integrate Stormwater Program

Responsibility with the DOT

Scan Recommendations – Scan Recommendations – Con’tCon’t

► Invest in pooled-fund studiesInvest in pooled-fund studies►Collect Cost Data for Program Collect Cost Data for Program

ElementsElements► Invest in BMPs for Highway Invest in BMPs for Highway

Maintenance ActivitiesMaintenance Activities►Develop a Stormwater Track for Develop a Stormwater Track for

TRBTRB